Please 
andle  this  volume 
with  care. 

?  University  of  Connecticut 
Libraries,  Storrs 


153  DlDSSlEfl  3 


p. AND,  MCNALLY  &  CO.'S     -.i^ 

im  POCKET  ATLAS 


CONTAINING 


COLORED.  COUNTY  MAPS  OF  ALL  STATES  AXD  TERRITORIES  IN  THE 


UNITED    STATES, 

AND   THE   PROVINCES   OF  THE 

DOMi:N'IO]Sr   OF   CANADA, 

TOGETHER   WITH 

Descriptive,  Statistical,  axd  Historical 

MATTER    PERTAINING   TO   EACH, 


AND  INDEXED  LISTS  OF  THEIR  COUNTIES,  GIVING  AREA 
AND  POPULATION; 


COLORED   SKELETON    MAPS    OF   TFIE   CONTINENTS,   SHOWING 
'     ALL   COUNTRIES    OF   THE       ^o 

WORLD,    ^ 

ACC03IPANIED  BY  STATISTICAL  MATTER  REGARDING  THE  COUNTRIES 
AND  THEIR  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


CHICAGO   AND  NEW  YORK  : 

RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.,  PUBLISHERS. 
1893. 


Copyright,  1892,  by  Rand,  McNally  &  Co. 
Copyright,  1893,  by  Rand,  McNally  &  Co. 


mTRODUCTION. 

Realizing  the  demand,  on  the  part  of  the  public,  for  an  Atlas  which  shall 
give,  in  a  conveniently  small  size,  and  at  a  nominal  cost,  all  the  salient  geo- 
graphical, statistical,  and  descriptive  items  of  information  usually  found  in 
larger  and  more  expensive  works  of  this  nature,  the  publishers  have,  at  con- 
siderable outlay,  prepared  this  NEW  POCKET  ATLAS,  and  confidently 
submit  the  result  of  their  labors  to  the  critical  judgment  of  their  patrons. 

A  separate  Map,  either  single  or  double  page,  accompanied  by  one  or  two 
pages  of  reading  matter,  is  devoted  to  each  State  and  Territory  in  the  United 
States,  and  to  each  Province  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  The  maps  are 
colored  by  counties,  and,  while  perfectly  clear  and  legible,  show  a  wonderful 
amount  of  detail.  They  are  revised  up  to  the  date  of  issue,  and  show  every 
railroad  in  operation  and  all  towns  of  any  importance,  the  county  seats  being 
designated  by  special  heavy-faced  type.  The  reading  matter  is  so  arranged 
under  sub-heads  as  to  make  it  easy  to  locate,  at  a  glance,  any  particular  subject. 
It  contains  a  brief  historical  sketch;  all  important  data  regarding  area  and 
population,  physical  and  climatic  features,  and  the  principal  cities;  statistics 
pertaining  to  agricultural  and  mineral  resources,  the  manufactures,  com- 
merce, trade,  and  transportation;  a  review  of  the  educational  system,  the 
most  important  State  institutions,  and,  finally,  a  synopsis  of  the  principal 
constitutional  and  legal  features.  To  all  this  is  added  an  alphabetical  list  of 
the  counties  with  their  area  and  population,  and  so  indexed  that  any  county 
can  readily  be  located  on  the  respective  map. 

There  is  not  a  page  in  the  Atlas  which  was  not  especially  compiled  and 
prepared  for  it.  Every  item  is  either  directly  based  upon  the  census  reports 
of  1890,  or,  when  a  subject  is  not  covered  by  them,  upon  the  best  obtainable 
data.  The  information  is  of  such  an  extent  that  it  is,  in  fact,  a  Pocket 
Encyclopedia  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  which  the  publishers  con- 
fidently place  before  the  reader, infinitely  enhanced  in  value  by  the  maps. 

Recognizing  the  fact  that  a  similar  amount  of  detailed  information  regard- 
ing foreign  countries  would  have  enlarged  the  volume  far  beyond  its  necessary 
limit,  a  system  of  skeleton  maps  has  been  devised,  showing,  in  a  remarkably 
plain  way,  their  political  divisions  and  chief  cities.  These  skeleton  maps  are 
accompanied  by  tabulated  statistics  concerning  all  countries,  their  capitals 
and  largest  cities,  and  principal  articles  of  export  and  import. 

The  POCKET  ATLAS  which  the  publishers  issued  on  the  basis  of  the 
tenth  census,  that  of  1880,  met  with  such  approval  that  many  millions  of  it 
were  sold.  Enlarging  greatly  its  scope,  while  maintaining  its  general  plan, 
they  believe  that  in  the  present  volume  they  have  succeeded  in  offering  to  the 
public  the  best  and  most  comprehensive  work  of  its  kind. 

RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO., 

CHICAGO   AND   NEW   YORK. 


explajstatio]:^. 

The  index  letter  and  figure  following  the  name  of  a  county,  in  the  list 
given  for  every  State  and  Territory,  refer  to  that  point  on  the  map  at  which 
lines,  if  drawn  between  the  respective  marginal  letters  and  figures,  would 
cross  each  other.  For  example,  to  find  "  Cook  County,  B-5,"  let  the  diagram 
below  represent  the  map;  Cook  County  is  found  near  the  crossing  of  lines 
B-B  and  5-5. 


1 

2     3     4     5 

6 

A 

A 

B 

^ 

r\ 

B 

A 

^■h 

0 

0 

D 

D 

E 

E 

F 

F 

G 

G 

1 

2     3     4     5 

6 

In  the  list  of  principal  cities  given  with  each  continent,  the  capitals  of  all 
couni  ries  are  designated  by  special  heavy-faced  type. 


TABLE    OF   COXTENTS. 


PAGES. 

Abyssinia 170,  171 

AfiJ:liauistar 168,  1(39 

Africa 170,  171 

Alabama 08,  59 

Alaska 146,  147 

Algeria 170,  171 

Andorra 166,  167 

Argentine  Republic 164,  165 

Arizona 1 84,  155 

Arkansas 101-103 

Asia 168,  169 

Austria-Hungary 166,  167 

Bahamas 162,  163 

Barbados 163,  163 

Belgium 166,  167 

Bermuda 162,  163 

Bhotan 168,  169 

Bismarck  Archipelago 172,  173 

Bolivia... 164,  165 

Brazil 164,  165 

British  Columbia 150,  151 

Bulgaria 166,  167 

California 136-139 

Canada,  Dominion  of 148-160 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 170,  171 

Ce3ion 168,  169 

Chile 164,  165 

China.. 168,  169 

Colombia 164,  165 

Colorado '.....  130,  131 

Connecticut 26,  27 

Costa  Rica 162,  163 

Cuba 162,  163 

Delaware 38,  39 

Denmark 166,  167 

District  of  Columbia 40,  42 

Butch  East  Indies 168,  169 

Ecuador 164,  165 

Egypt 170,  171 

Europe 166,  167 

Fiji  Islands 172,  173 

Florida 55-57 

France 166,  167 

Free  State  of  East  Africa 170,  171 


PAGES. 

French  India 168,  169 

French  Indo-China 168,  169 

Frencli  Kongo 1  TO,  171 

Georgia 52-54 

German  East  Africa 170,  171 

Germany 166,  167 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 166,  167 

Greece 166,  167 

Guatemala 162,  163 

Guiana,  British 164,  165 

Guiana,  Dutch 164,  165 

Guiana,  French 164,  165 

Haiti 162,  163 

Hawaii 172,  173 

Honduras 162,  163 

Honduras,  British 162,  163 

Hongkong 168,  169 

Idaho 124,  125 

Illinois 78-81 

India 168,  169 

Indiana 74-77 

Indian  Territory. 108,  109 

Iowa 94-97 

Italy 166,  167 

Jamaica 162,  163 

Japan. 168,  169 

Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land 172,  173 

Kamerun 170.  171 

Kansas 110-113 

Kentucky 66-69 

Kongo  Free  State 170,  171 

Korea... 168,  169 

Labrador 149,  162 

Liberia 170,  171 

Louisiana . . 62,  63 

Luxemburg 166,  167 

Madagascar 170,  171 

Maine^. 16,  17 

Manitoba. 150,  151 

Marshall  Islands. 172,  173 

Maryland 40,  41 

Massachusetts 22,  23 

Mexico 162,  163 

Michisran 82-85 


10 


RAND.  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS— Continued. 


PAGES. 

Minnesota 90-93 

Mississippi  _ 60,  61 

Missouri 98-101 

Monaco 166,  167 

Montana  .  - 122,  123 

Montenegro 166,  167 

Morocco 170,  171 

Natal 170,  171 

Nebraska .--.. 114-117 

Nepal 168,  169 

Netherlands  (The) 166,  167 

Nevada 140,  141 

New  Brunswick 158-160 

New  Caledonia 172,  173 

Newfoundland 149   162 

New  Guinea 172,  178 

New  Hampshire 18,  19 

New  Hebrides 172,  178 

New  Jersey 32,83 

New  Mexico 132,  133 

New  South  Wales. 172.  173 

New  York 28-31 

New  Zealand 172,  173 

Nicaragua 162,  168 

Niger  Territories 170,  171 

North  America 162,  163 

North  Carolina 48-50 

North  Dakota  - 120,  121 

Northwest  Territories 150,  151 

Norway 166,  167 

Nova  Scotia 158-160 

Oceania 172,  173 

Ohio 70-73 

Oklahoma 108,  109 

Oman 168,  169 

Ontario 152-154 

Orange  Free  State 170,  171 

Oregon 142,  143 

Paraguay 164,  165 

Pennsylvania 34-37 

Persia ._  168,  169 

Peru 164,  165 

Philippine  Islands 168,  169 

Portugal 166,  167 

Portuguese  West  Africa 170,  171 

Prince  Edward  Island 158-160 

Puerto  Rico 162,  163 

Quebec 155-157 


PAGES. 

Queensland 172,  173 

Rhode  Island. 24,  25 

Roumania 166,  167 

Russia 166,  167 

Russia,  Asiatic 168,  169 

Salvador 162,  163 

Samoa 172,  173 

Samos 168,  169 

San  Marino.. 166,  167 

Santo  Domingo 162,  163 

Senegal 170,  171 

Servia 166,  167 

Siam 168,  169 

Sierra  Leone • 170,  171 

Society  Islands 172,  173 

Solomon  Islands 172,  178 

South  African  Republic. 170,  171 

South  America _  164,  165 

South  Australia 172,  173 

South  Carolina 50,  51 

South  Dakota 118,  119 

Spain. 166,  167 

Sweden 166,  167 

Switzerland 166,  167 

Tasmania 172,  173 

Tennessee 64-66 

Texas 104-107 

Togoland 170,  171 

Tonga  Islands 172,  173 

Tripoli 170,  171 

Tunis 170,  171 

Turkey. 166,  167 

Turkey  in  Asia. 168.  169 

United  States 11-147 

United   States,    Population  of 

the  Principal  Cities 15 

Uruguay 164,  165 

Utah 128,  139 

Venezuela . 164,  165 

Vermont 20,  21 

Victoria 172.  173 

Virginia 42-45 

Washington 144,  145 

Western  Australia 172,  173 

West  Virginia 46,  47 

Wisconsin 86-89 

WyomiDg 126,  137 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


11 


UNITED    STATES. 


HISTORICAIi.  —  A  republic  comprising 
the  central  portion  of  North  America  and  the 
Territory  of  Alaska  in  the  extreme  northwest. 
It  consists  of  44  States,  the  Federal  District, 
and  6  Territories.  Title  to  the  national  domain 
was  acquired  through  the  Revolution  of  1776, 
and  the  confirmation  and  recognition  by  Great 
Britain,  at  the  Treaty  of  Paris,  1783.  of  the  Inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States,  and  through 
the  Louisiana  purchase  of  1803;  the  purchase 
from  Spain  of  the  East  and  West  Floridas, 
1819;  the  annexation  of  Texas,  1845;  treaty  of 
Guadalupe  Hidalgo,  1848;  the  Gadsden  pur- 
chase of  1853,  and  the  purchase  from  Russia 
of  Alaska,  1867.  The  cost  of  territorial  exten- 
sion has  been  $69,450,000. 

AREA,  ETC.  —  Total  area,  exciusive  of 
Alaska,  3,025,600  square  miles;  land  surface, 
2,970,000  square  miles;  Avater,  55,600  square 
miles;  extreme  length,  from  Atlantic  to 
Pacific,  2,760  miles;  greatest  breadth,  north 
and  south,  1,600  miles.  United  States  frontier 
over  11,000  miles— 3,500  miles  sea  coast,  1,600 
miles  gulf  coast,  1,500  lake  coast;  land  front- 
ier about  4,880  miles.  Greatest  elevation,  over 
18,000  feet.  Center  of  area,  excluding  Alaska, 
is  in  Northern  Kansas;  approximate  latitude, 
39°  55';  longitude,  98°  50' ;  about  three-fourths 
of  a  degi'ee  north  and  over  13°  weet  of  the 
center  of  population. 

POPUL.'VTION.— In  1624  there  was  an  im- 
migration to  the  colonies  of  9,000;  in  1649  the 
population  of  the  colonies  numbered  15,000; 
1689,  200.000;  1715,  434,600;  173:3,  750,000;  popu- 
lation of  United  States,  1776,  2,243,000;  1790, 
3,929,214;  1800,  5,308,48:3;  1810,  7,2:39,881;  1820, 
9,633,822;  1830,  12.866,020;  1840,  17,069,453;  1850, 
2:3,191,876;  1860,  31,443,321;  1870,  :38,900,898;  1880, 
50,155,783;  1890,62,622,250.  Classification:  Male, 
32,067,880;  female,  30,5.54,;370;  native,  .53,:372,703; 
foreign,  9,249,547;  white,  54,983,8VK);  colored, 
7,638,360— Africans,  7,470,040;  Chinese,  107,475; 
Japanese,  2,039 ;  Indians,  58 .806.  Center  of  popu- 
lation is  near  Greensburg,  Decatur  Co. .  Indiana. 
Latitude,  ;39°  11'  56";  longitude,  85°  32'  53". 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  — New  York,  the 
commercial  metropolis  and  largest  city;  Chi- 
cago, the  metropolis  of  the  West,  second  in 
size;  Philadelphia  ranks  third,  and  Brooklyn 
fourth;  St.  Louis,  the  commercial  center  of 
the  middle  Mississippi  Vallej\  is  fifth  in  im- 
portance; San  Francisco,  the  most  important 
commercial  point  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  ranks 
eighth;  New  Orleans,  the  chief  city  of  the 
Gulf  States,  ran  vS  twelfth. 

URBAN  POPULATION. —The  urban 
population  in  1890  was  18,2.35,670,  or  29.12  per 
cent  of  total  population.  North  Atlantic  Div- 
ision contained  49.22  per  cent  of  total  urban 
population;  South  Atlantic,  779  per  cent; 
North  Central,  31.76  per  cent: -South  Central, 
6.29  per  cent;  Western,  4.94  per  cent.  In  1790, 
six  cities  had  a  population  of  more  than  8.000, 
number  increased  to  286  in  1880,  and  443  in 
1890.  In  1880  but  one  citj'  had  a  population  in 
excess  of  1,000.000,  in  1890  there  were  three. 
In  1870,  fourteen  cities  each  had  100,000  or 
more  inhabitants:  number  increased  to  twenty 
I  in  1880,  and  twenty-eight  in  1890. 


AGRICULTURE — Agriculture  holds  the 
first  place  among  the  national  industries.  Total 
value  of  all  exports,  1890,  $872,270,283;  of  this 
sum  agricultm-al  pi-oducts  furnished  $642,- 
751,000.  Principal  staples,  the  cereals,  cotton, 
tobacco,  sugar,  hay,  and  potatoes.  Ai'ea  and 
yield  of  principal  cereals,  1891 :  Corn,  76.204,515 
acres,  yield,  2,060,154,000  bushels;  wheat,  39,- 
916,897  acres,  611,780,000  bvishels;  oats,  25.581,- 
861  acres,  738,:394,0O0  bushels.  Cotton,  19,580, 
617  acres,  8,674.000  bales.  Latest  returns  give 
area  under  tobacco,  692.990  acres,  yield,  488,- 
255,896  pounds;  sugar,  508,680,000  pounds;  mo- 
lasses, 29,200,000  gallons;  hay,  38,591,903  acres, 
46,643.094  tons;  potatoes,  2,533,280  acres,  202,- 
365-000  bushels. 

HORTICULTURE — Fruit  culture  is  an 
important  interest.  All  varieties  of  the  tem- 
perate zone  are  usually  produced  in  abund- 
ance in  the  central  and  northern  sections;  the 
tropical  and  semi-tropical  fruits  are  cultivated 
only  in  the  warmest  parts.  Grape  culture 
has  become  a  profitable  industrj' ;  area  under 
vineyards,  1889,  401,261  acres— 307,575  acres 
bearing  vines;  grapes  sold  for  table  use,  267.271 
tons;  to  wineries,  304,868  tons;  wine  made, 
24,;306,905  gallons;  raisins  produced,  1.372.195 
boxes.  There  are  271,428  acres  under  tropic 
and  semi-tropic  fruits  and  nuts;  total  value  of 
product,  1889,  $14,116,226,  of  which  $6,602,099 
represented  the  value  of  oranges. 

LIVE  STOCK — Between  1881  and  1891  live 
stock  on  farms  increased  from  130,969,581  to 
169,216  813.  Number  of  horses,  1891, 15,498.140; 
mules,  2,314,699;  milch  cows,  16,416,3.51:  oxen 
and  other  cattle,  37,651,2:39;  sheep,  44,938,365; 
swine,  52,398,019.  Increase  in  exports  of  cattle 
and  meat  has  been  enormous.  Fresh  meat  ship- 
ments in  refrigerator  ships  first  made  in  1877. 
Total  quantity  of  all  beef  products  shipped 
in  1877,  179,8:38,946  pounds— tallow,  91,472,803 
pounds— value  $1.5,387,091;  shipments,  1891, 
507,229,428  pounds— tallow,  111,689,2.=)1  pounds- 
value  $35,088,315.  Number  of  beeves  exported 
in  1877,  50,001,  value  $1,593,080;  1891,  374,679, 
value  $30,445,249.  Exports  of  bacon,  hams, 
etc.,  1881,  854,872,6:31  pounds,  value  $69,433,490; 
1891,  681,221,904  pounds,  value  $50,494,375:  lard, 
1881,  378,142,496,  value  $35,226,575;  1891,  498,- 
343,927,  S:34,414,:323.  Number  hogs  exported, 
1881.  77.456;  1891,  95.6.54. 

MINERALS.— The  mining  interests  are 
large  and  varied.  Total  value  of  aU  mineral 
products  in  1889,  $587,230,662,  an  increase  dvir- 
ing  the  decade  of  $217,911,662.  United  States 
furnishes  a  large  proportion  of  the  world's 
supply  of  gold  and  silver.  Value  of  the  total 
product  from  1792  to  1890:  Gold,  $1,872,593,513; 
silver,  $999,527,702:  value  of  product  1890, 
gold,  $;32,845,000;  silver,  $70,464,645.  Iron  ore  is 
mined  in  nearly  all  the  States;  quantity  pro- 
duced in  1889,  14,518,041  long  tons,  value  $33,- 
351,978;  1880,  7,120.362  tons,  value  $2.3,156,957. 
United  States  the  largest  copper  producer  in 
the  world;  product  of  mines,  1890,  265,115,133 
pounds,  value  $30,843.797 ;  lead  mining  one  of 
the  great  industries,  output,  1889,  182,967  short 
tons,  valued  at  $16,137,689;  product  of  zinc 
mines,    58,860    short  tons,   value,    $5,791,824; 


12 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


13 


14 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


country  ranks  second  only  to  Spain  in  quick- 
silver; in  1889  the  product  was  26,484  flasks, 
worth  $1,190,500.  Coal  area,  exclusive  of 
Rocky  Mountain  and  Pacific  Coast  regions, 
98,700  square  miles.  Total  product  of  all  mines, 
1889,  141,229.513  tons,  value  $160,226,323.  Bitu- 
minous, 95,629,026  tons,  value  $94,346,809;  an- 
thracite, 45.600,487  tons,  $65,879,514;  petroleum 
product,  1890, 45,822,672  barrels,  value  $35,365,- 
105;  value  of  natural  gas,  $18,742,725;  among 
other  minerals  produced  are  nickel,  man- 
ganese, aluminum,  antimony,  phosphate 
rock,  salt,  etc. 

BUIL.DIMG  STONES.— Large  quantities 
of  building  stones  of  many  grades  and  varieties 
are  quarried.  Value  of  the  stone  product,  as 
shown  by  the  eleventh  census,  was  $53,035,- 
620— Limestone,  $19,095,179;  granite,  $14,464,- 
095;  sandstone,  $10,816,057;  marble,  $3,488,170; 
slate,  $3,483,513;  bluestone,  $1,689,606. 

nSHERIKS — The  United  States'  fisheries 
form  an  important  and  valuable  industry; 
those  of  the  Great  Lakes  are  the  most  exten- 
sive lake  fisheries  in  the  world;  during  the 
past  decade  more  than  1,000,000,000  pounds  of 
food  fish  have  been  taken  in  these  waters; 
capital  employed,  1890,  $2,832,959;  total  catch, 
117,085,568  pounds,  an  increase  over  that  of 
1880  of  48,343,568  pounds;  value  of  catch,  1890, 
$2,615,784.  Over  two-thirds  the  entire  yield 
consists  of  herring,  trout,  Avhitefish,  and  stur- 
geon. Pacific  coast  fisheries  employ  13,8' 0 
people  with  a  capital  of  $6,^98,239;  value  of 
total  yield,  $6,387,803;  salmon  fishery  the  most 
important  branch  of  the  industry ;  in  1890  the 
63  salmon  canneries  utilized  41.632,223  pounds 
of  fi'esh  salmon  and  produced  622,037  cases, 
valued  at  $3,703,838.  Capital  invested  in  whale, 
fur-seal,  and  sea-otter  fisheries,  $2,081,636; 
value  of  all  products  1889,  $1,834,551,  of  which 
$1,709,568  belonged  to  the  whale  fishery 
and  $124,983  to  the  fur-seal  and  sea-otter 
industry. 

MANUFACTURES — The  manufacturmg 
industries  are  varied  and  carried  on  upon  an 
extensive  scale.  In  the  manufacture  of  flour 
the  country  leads  all  others.  In  the  textile 
industries  it  ranks  second  only  to  England. 
In  1890,  the  combined  textile  industries — wool, 
cotton,  and  silk— had  a  capital  of  $701,522,861 ; 
value  of  products,  $693,048,702— wool,  $337,- 
768,524;  cotton,  $267,981,724;  silk,  $87,298,454. 
Increase  in  value  of  product  in  10  years, 
$192,672,634.  Percentage  of  increase  of  entire 
textile  industry,  38.51  per  cent — silk  manu- 
facture, 112.75  per  cent;  cotton,  39.51  percent; 
wool,  26.39  per  cent.  Average  increase  in 
wages  paid,  64.71  per  cent.  Steel  and  iron 
manufactures  are  great  and  increasing  indus- 
tries; steel  production  increased  from  1,145,- 
711  tons  in  1880  to  4,466,926  tons  in  1890,  an 
increase  of  290  per  cent;  of  the  total  product, 
3,788,572  tons  were  Bessemer  steel;  pig-iron 
production,  1890,  9,579,779  tons,  an  increase 
since  1880  of  5,798,758  tons,  or  153  per  cent. 
Among  other  important  manufactures  are 
lumber  and  wood — carriages,  wagons,  agricult- 
ural implements,  etc.;  metal  working  indus- 
tries—foundries, machine  shops,  stove  works, 
etc. ;  leather,  glassware,  and  pottery, 

COMMERCE — Exports  and  imports  in 
1890  amounted  to  $1,729,397,000:  exports  were 


valued  at  $872.270,283— agricultural  products) 
$642,751,000;  manufactures,  $168,927,300;  min- 
erals, $22,054,900;  products  of  the  forest,  $28,- 
715,700:  fisheries,  $6,208,500.  Leadmg  articles 
of  export  were  cotton,  $290,712,800;  provis- 
ions, meat,  and  dairy  products,  $139,000,000; 
wheat  and  wheat  flour,  $106,125,800;  mineral 
oils,  $46,150,000;  animals,  $32  935,086;  iron  and 
steel,  including  ore,  $28,909,600;  corn  and 
corn-meal,  $18,.599,600.  Imports  amounted  to 
over  $845,000,000;  principal  articles,  sugar, 
molasses,  coffee,  manufactures  of  wool,  flax, 
hemp,  jute,  iron  and  steel,  silk  and  cotton, 
and  hides,  lumber,  and  furs. 

RAILWAYS,  ETC.  —  First  railway  in 
United  States,  employing  steam  power,  built 
by  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Co.,  from  their 
mines  at  Honesdale,  Pennsylvania,  1828.  Num- 
ber miles  railway  at  the  close  of  1830,  23;  1835, 
1,098;  1840,  2,818;  1846,4,930;  1850,9,021;  1855, 
18,374;  18ti0,  30,626;  1865,  35.085;  1870,  52,922; 
1875,  74,658;  1880,  93,296;  1885,  128,363;  1890, 
166,703;  1891,  170,601.  Capital  stock  of  rail- 
roads, $4,809,176,651;  funded  debt,  $5,235,295,- 
074;  unfunded  debt,  $345,362,503;  gross  earn- 
ings, $1,138,024,459;  net  earnings,  $356,209,880. 
Transportation  fleet  of  United  States  num- 
bered 25,540  craft— steamers,  6.067;  saihng 
vessels.  8,912;  unrigged  craft,  10,561;  total 
tonnage.  7,633,676  tons;  value,  $215,069,296; 
amount  of  freight  moved,  172,110,423  tons. 

POSTAL — Total  number  post  offices,  64,- 
965;  number  presidential,  3,104 — 129  first  class, 
597  second  class,  2,-378  third  class;  number 
fourth-class  offices,  61,861 :  money-order  offices, 
10,047.  Aggregate  length  of  post  routes,  439,- 
027  miles;  revenue,  1891,  $65,931,786;  expendi- 
tures, $71,662,463;  postmasters'  salaries,  $14,- 
527,000;  cost  of  transportation  of  the  mails, 
$36,805,621, 

PUBLIC  LANDS.— The  public  domain 
originally  embraced  2,889,175  square  miles,  or 
nearly  two  billion  acres  of  land.  June,  1891, 
the  total  area  of  the  unappropriated  public 
lands— exclusive  of  Alaska  and  the  Cherokee 
Strip— was  but  905,726  square  miles;  of  this 
area  328,125  square  miles  are  useless  for  agri- 
culture. The  Cherokee  Strip  contains  12,569 
square  miles.  The  public  lands  lie  in  22  States 
and  5  Territories.  Land  entered  under  Home- 
stead Act,  1890-91,  5,040,393  acres;  taken  up 
under  Timber  Culture  Act,  969,006  acres. 

GOVERNMENT Under  the  Constitution 

of  the  United  States  the  Government  is 
intrusted  to  three  great  departments — execu- 
tive, legislative,  and  judicial.  The  executive 
power  is  vested  in  a  president,  elected  every 
four  years,  who  is  assisted  by  a  Cabinet  of 
eight  members.  The  legislative  department 
consists  of  a  Congress  of  two  houses,  the  Sen- 
ate and  the  House  of  Representatives.  Two 
Senators  are  elected  by  the  Legislature  of  each 
State  for  a  term  of  six  years.  Members  of  the 
House  are  elected  by  the  people  for  two  years ; 
number  for  each  State  allotted  in  proportion 
to  its  population,  1  for  173. 901 .  Senate  consists 
of  88  members,  House  of  Representatives  of 
356.  Judicial  department  includes  a  Supreme 
Court,  a  specific  number  of  circuit  and  district 
courts,  and  a  court  of  claims.  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  eight  associate 
justices. 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


15 


Population  of  the  Principal   Cities  of  the  United  States. 


Cities.  Pop.  1890. 

Akron,  Ohio 27,601 

Albany,  N.Y..- 94,923 

Alexandna,  Va 14,3.39 

Allegheny,  Pa 105,287 

Allento wn.  Pa 25,228 

Altoona,  Pa 30,337 

Amsterdam,  N.  Y 17,3.36 

Atlanta,  Ga. ^^-S^^ 

Auburn,  N.Y 25,858 

Augusta,  Ga.  .- 33,300 

Aurora,  111 19,688 

Austin,  Tex If^^'-J 

Baltimore,Md ^'f^^ 

Bangor,  Me 19,103 

Bayonne,  N.  J. IW 

BayCity,Mich 27,8.39 

Belleville,  111 13.361 

Biddeford,  Me. 14,443 

Binghamton,  N.  Y 3.5,ab 

Birmingham,  Ala ^'h, 

Bloomington,  111 .tS'TX; 

Boston,  Mass ^if'i'J 

Bridgeport,  Conn 48,8W) 

Brockton,  Mass cZo-ol\ 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y 806,3-3 

Buffalo,  N.Y 253/,  :_1 

Burlington,  Iowa fV-^. 

Burlington,  Vt 14,a90 

Cambridge,  Mass <0028 

Camden,  N.  J 58,313 

Canton,  Ohio     26,189 

Cedar  liapids,  Iowa 18,<>^0 

Charleston,  ►>.  C 54,^5 

Chattanooga,  Tenn 29,100 

Chelsea,  Mass 2<,9(9 

Chester,  Pa 2(Vj6 

Chicago,  111 I,4:«.oi0 

Clncimmtl,  Ohio 2%,:>-S 

Cleveland,  Ohio 261,3.;>3 

Cohoes,  N.  Y 22,509 

Columbia,  S.  C 15,3.53 

Columbus,  Ga 1  <,303 

Columbus,  Ohio 88,1;>0 

Concor.l,  N.  II IV^'I 

Council  BlutTa,  Iowa  ....     21.4^4 

Covington,  K y 3 < ,b .  I 

Dallas,  Tex 88,0<>7 

Danbury,  Conn le,';:;^ 

Davenport,  Iowa ''6,8'-' 

Dayton,  Ohio 61,22u 

Decatur,  111 16,81 

Denver,  Colo 106,(13 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 50,093 

Detroit,  Mich 205.8.6 

Dubuque,  Iowa 30,311 

Dulutli,  Minn 33,11:> 

East  St.  Louis,  111 15,169 

Eau  Claire,  Wis 17,415 

Elgin,  111 -  —  -     n,823 

Elizabeth,  N.  J 87,764 

Elmira,N^.Y 30,893 

Erie,  Pa 40,6S4 

Evansville,  Ind 50,756 

Fall  River,  Mass 74,398 

Flndlav,  Ohio 18,553 

Fitchbiirg,  Mass 22,037 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind 35,393 

Fort  Worth,  Tex 23,076 

Galesburg,  111 15.264 

Galveston,  Tex 29,084 

Gloucester,  Mass 24.651 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich 60,278 

Hamilton,  Ohio 17,565 

Harrisburg,  Pa 39,385 

Hartford,  Conn 53,230 

Haverhill,  Mass... 27,412 

Hoboken,  N.  J 43,648 

Holyoke,  Mass 35,637 


Cities.  Pop.  1890. 

Houston,  Tex. 27,557 

Indianapolis,  Ind 105,436 

Jackson,  Mich 20,798 

Jackson,  Tenn.. 10,039 

Jacksonville,  Fla 17,201 

Jamestown,  X.  Y 16,038 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 163,003 

Johnstown,  Pa 21,805 

Joliet,  111 23,264 

Kalamazoo,  Mich... 17,853 

Kansas  City,  Kan 38,316 

Kansas  Citv,  Mo 132,716 

Key  West,  I'la 18,u80 

Kingston.^.  Y 21.261 

Knoxville,  Tenn 22,0*1 

LaCrosoC,  Wis 25,090 

La  Fayette,  Ind 16,243 

Lancaster,  Pa 32,011 

Lawrence,  Mass 44,654 

Leadville,  Colo 10,384 

Leavenworth,  Kan 19,7(i8 

Lebanon,  Pa 14,tVj4 

Lewiston,  Me 21,7iil 

Lexington,  Ky 21,567 

Lima,  Ohio 15.981 

Lincoln,  Neb 55,154 

Lincoln,  R.  I.. 20,:^5 

Little  Rock,  Ark 25,874 

Lockport,  N.Y 16,038 

Long  Island  City,  N.  Y..     30,506 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 50,395 

L()ulsvlll.',Ky 161,129 

Lowell,  Muss 77,696 

Lynchburg,  Va.. 19,709 

Lynn,  Mass 55,727 

McKeesport,  Pa 20,741 

Macon,  Ga 22.746 

Madison.  Wis 13,  W! 

Maiden,  Mass 23,031 

Manchester,  N.  H 44,126 

Memphis,  Tenn 6-1,495 

Merlden,  Conn -.     21,652 

Milwaukee,  Wis 2tM,163 

Minneapolis,  Minn 164,738 

Mobile,  Ala 81.076 

>i()ntgonu'ry,  Ala 21,883 

Muskegon,  ^lich 22,702 

Nashua,  N.  H 19,311 

Nashville.  Tenn 76,168 

New  Albanv.  Ind 21,0n9 

Newark,  N.M 181,830 

New  Bedford.  Mass 40,  .33 

New  Brighton,  N.  Y 16,423 

New  Britain.  Conn 19,007 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  ..     18,a»3 

Newburg.  N.Y 23,087 

New  Haven,  Conn 81,298 

New  Orleans,  La 242,039 

Newport,  Ky 24,918 

Newport,  R.  1 19,lo« 

Newton,  Mass 24,379 

New  York.  N.  Y 1,515,301 

Norfolk,  Va 34,871 

North  Adams,  Mass 16,0.4 

Northampton,  Mass 14,990 

Norristown,  Pa 19,<91 

Norwalk,  Conn 1"'^^' 

Norwich,  Conn 16.12.6 

Oakland,  Cal 48.682 

Ogden,  Utah 14,889 

Omaha,  Neb 140,452 

Orange,  N.J 18.844 

Oshkosh,  Wis 22,836 

Oswego,  N.Y.. 21,842 

Ottumwa,  Iowa I*'s9i 

Paterson,  N.  J <8,347 

Pawtucket,  R.  1 2<,^3 

Peoria,  111 41,024 


Cities.  Pop.  1890. 

Petersburg,  Va. 22,680 

Philadelphia,  Pa 1,046,964 

Pittsburg,  Pa 238,617 

Pittsfield,  Mass 17,281 

Portland,  Me 36.425 

Portland,  Ore 62,046 

Pottsville,  Pa. 14,117 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y 22,206 

Pro^^dence,  R.  I 132,146 

Pueblo,  Colo -.-     24,558 

Quincy,  111 31,494 

Qiiincy,  Mass 16,723 

Racine,  Wis 21,014 

Reading,  Pa 58.661 

Richmond,  Ind 16,608 

Richmond,  Va 81,388 

Roanoke,  Va 16,159 

Rochester,  N.  Y 133,896 

Rockford,  111 23,.584 

Rome,  N.Y 14,991 

Sacramento,  Cal 26,386 

Saginaw,  Mich 46,322 

Salem,  Mass 30,801 

Salt  Lake,  Utah 44,843 

San  Antonio.  Tex 37,6.3 

San  Diego,  Cal 16,159 

Sanduskv,  Ohio 18,471 

San  Francisco,  Cal 298,997 

San  Jose,  Cal 1S,060 

Savannah,  Ga 43,189 

Sehencctadv,  N.  Y 19,902 

Scranton.  ?a ''5,215 

Seattle,  AVash 42,837 

Sedalla.Mo 14,»->68 

Shamokin,  Pa 14,403 

Shebovgan,  Wis 16,359 

Shenandoah,  Pa.. 15,944 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 3., 806 

Somerville.  Mass '**^'i  « 

South  Bend,  Ind 21,819 

Springliekl,  111 2-i,963 

Springtteld,  Mass i*'h^ 

Springfield,  Mo 21,850 

Sprlngfleld,  Ohio 81,895 

Spokane,  Wash 19,922 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 52,3^ 

St.  Louis,  Mo :.-    451,7(0 

St.  Paul,  Minn ^'^'inn 

Stamford,  Conn la.jOO 

Stockton,  Cal 14,424 

Syracuse,  N.  "i o2'An2 

Tacoma.W'ash S^'^VS 

Taunton,  Mass 2o,448 

Terre  Haute,  Ind 30,21( 

Toledo,  Ohio 81,434 

Topeka,  Kan 31,007 

Trenton,  N.J 57,«8 

Troy,  N.Y 60,%6 

rtica,N.Y 44,007 

Waco,  Tex 14,445 

Waltham,  Mass 18,707 

Warwick,  R.I 3 '61 

Washington,  D.  C 230,392 

Waterbury,  Conn 28,b46 

Watertown.N.Y 14,(25 

Wheeling,  W.  Va 84,522 

Wichita,  Kan 23,853 

Wllkesbarre,  Pa 37,(18 

Williamsport.Pa 27,13^ 

Wilmington,  Del 61,431 

Wilmington,  N.  C 20,056 

Winona,  Minn 1^'oon 

Woonsocket,  R.  1 20,830 

Worcester,  Mass 2^'X^o 

Yonkers,N.  Y.-.- -      32,033 

York,  Pa 20.(93 

Youngstown,  Ohio ^'?H2 

Zanes-iille,  Ohio 21,009 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


17 


MAINE. 


Man. 

"Pine  Tree  State." 


Signifies — "The  Main"  or  "Mainland." 


HISTORICAL,.— Maine  coast  and  rivers 
explored  by  French,  1604  and  1605.  Territory 
fii-st  called  Acadia.  Earliest  settlement — by 
English— made  1607,  at  mouth  of  the  Kennebec. 
Gorgiana  (York)  chartered  16:;i4.  From  1652 
to  1819,  Maine  was  known  as  "District  of 
Maine,"  governed  by  3Iassachusetts.  It  was 
the  tenth  State  to  enter  the  Union,  being  ad- 
mitted March  15,  1820. 

AREA,  ETC — 33,040  square  miles;  land, 
20.895  square  miles;  water — one-tenth— 3,145 
square  miles.  Extreme  length  of  State,  300 
miles;  breadth,  210  miles;  shore  line,  about 
2,500  miles.  Principal  rivers,  Penobscot,  Ken- 
nebec, Androscoggin,  Saco,  St.  Croix,  Aroos- 
took, and  St.  John,  latter  drains  6,000.000  acres 
of  i\[aine  territory.  Moosehead,  the  largest 
like,  area,  120  square  miles.  Moimt  Kahtadin, 
5,385  feet,  highest  mountain  in  State. 

CLIMATE.  — Temperature  of  Portland. 
Winter,  23°  to  38° ;  summer,  63°  to  69°.  High- 
est recorded  temperature  in  State,  97°;  lowest, 
—21°.  Mean  annual  rainfall :  Eastport,  49.25 
inches;  Portland,  42  68  inches. 

POPULATION. -Maine  ranked  eleventh 
in  population  in  1790,  fourteenth  in  1800  and 
1810,  twelfth  in  1820  and  18:^0,  thirteenth  in 
1840,  sixteenth  ir  18.50,  twenty-second  in  18»:0, 
twenty-third  in  h^TO,  twenty-seventh  in  188<3, 
and  thirtieth  in  1890.  Total  population  179 », 
9(;,.540;  1800,151,719;  1810,228.705;  1820,298,2:9; 
1H30,  399,455,  1840,501,793;  1»50,  583,169;  186'), 
62S.279;  1870,626,915;  1880.648,936;  1890,661,086 
Classification:  Male,  332.590;  female,  328,496: 
native,  582,125;  foreign,  78,961;  white,  6.59,263: 
colore.!,  1,823  — Africans,  1,190;  Chinese,  73; 
Jjpanese.  1;  Indiaps,  .5.59. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. —Portland,  me- 
tropolis and  chief  seaport,  population,  ;36.42"); 
Lewiston,  important  manufacturing  center, 
ranks  second,  population,  21.701 ;  Bangor,  ]iort 
of  entry  and  a  leading  center  of  the  lumber 
industry  in  the  United  States,  population, 
19,103;  Biddeford  ranks  fourth,  po(julation, 
14,443;  Auburn  ranks  fifth,  population,  11  250; 
Augusta,  thf>  capital,  population,  10,527. 

AGRTC  ULTURAL — Among  New  England 
States,  Maine  ranks  first  in  live  stock.  Total 
value  of  farm  animals,  1892,  $20,665,604. 
Horses  lead  in  importance,' number  110,719; 
value,  $9,860,299.  In  cereal  productions  Maine 
r.iuks  second  to  Vermont.  Most  important 
agricultural  crops,  hay  and  potatoes. 

INDUSTRIES.— Among  the  most  impor- 
tant are  the  lumber  industries,  fisheries,  quar- 
ries, and  cotton  and  woolen  manufactures. 
Maine  ranks  next  to  Massachusetts  in  fisheries. 


State  has  89  establishments,  with  a  capital  of 
$9,700,525.  engaged  in  the  wool  industry. 

QUARRIES.— Maine  ranks  second  in  the 
production  of  granite;  number  quarries,  153; 
total  product  1889,  6,701,346  cubic  feet,  value, 
$2,225,839;  increase  during  past  decade,  89  39 
per  cent.  Ranks  next  to  Pennsylvania  and 
Vermont  in  slate;  output,  43,500  squares  of 
roofing  slate,  value,  $214,000.  In  the  value  of 
all  limestone  products.  State  ranks  sixth;  in 
the  manufacture  of  lime,  leads  all  others; 
number  of  barrels  of  lime  made,  1889, 1,903,639, 
value,  $l,^23,499. 

RAILWAYS.— Maine  had  U  miles  of  rail- 
way in  1840;  245,  1^50;  472,  1860;  521.  1865;  786, 
1870;  980,  1875;  1.005.  1880;  1,1.35,  1885;  1,,338, 
1890;  l,;i83,  1891.  One  mile  of  railway  to  each 
23.9  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.— Number  pupils  enrolled  in 
public  schools,  139,679;  text  l)ooks  furnished 
by  all  schools;  school  age,  4-21.  Free  high 
schools  established  in  1878.  Bowdoin  College, 
Brunswick,  founded  179 1,  number  of  students, 
271  ;  Colby  Univei-sity,  Waterville,  foumled 
1820,  180  students  ;  Bates  College,  Lewiston, 
founded  186!,  169  students. 

POSTAL.— Maine  has  1,125  post  offices 
There  are  57  presidential  oflices-2  fii*st-class, 
9  second-class,  46  third-class;  of  fi»urth-class 
offices  there  are  1,068;  147  money-order  offices 
and  4  postal  note. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS. —  February  22, 
May  30,  July  4,  December  25,  first  Mon- 
day in  September,  Thanksgiving. 

CIVIL  AVAR.  Maine  furnished  a  total  of 
'0,107  men  during  the  Avar:  64,973  white  troops, 
5,0o0  sailors  and  marines,  and  104  colored 
troops.  Aggregate  nmnber  of  deaths,  9,398. 
State  has  17.610  pensioners  on  the  rolls. 

POLITICAL State    elections,     second 

Monday  in  September;  congressional  and 
presidential,  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in 
November;  number  of  Senators,  31 ;  Repre- 
s;^ntatives,  151 ;  sessions,  l)iennial  in  odd-nmn- 
bered  years,  meeting  first  Wednesday  in  Jan- 
uary; limit  of  session,  none;  term  of  Senators 
and  Representatives,  2  years.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  6;  number  voters,  201,241. 
Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of 
State,  comity,  and  town  3  months,  of  pre- 
cinct, 60  days;  registration  required:  women, 
paupers,  and  untaxed  Indians  excluded. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 20  years;  notes — witnessed,  20  years, 
unwitnessed,  6  years;  open  accounts,  6  years; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  1  year.  Legal  inter- 
est, 6;  by  contract,  no  limit. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.  Area, 
Sq  Mis. 
Androscoggin. R-4  485 
Aroostook,  C-9 .  -  .6,700 
Cumberland,  S-3. 1.005 
FrankUn,  M-3  ...1,660 
Hancock.  O-10...1,.312 
Kennebec,  P-5  ...    888 

3 


Pop. 
1890. 

48.968 
49,589 
90,949 
17,05S 
37,312 
57,012 


Counties. 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
..    3C8 
..    520 


Knox,  Q-7 . . 
Lincoln,  R-6 

Oxford,  0-2 1,892 

Penobscot,  L-9...3,3.32 
Piscataquis,  1-7  ..3,772 
Sagadahoc,  R-5..    260 


Pop. 
1890. 

31,473 
21,996 
30,536 
72,865 
16,134 
19,4.52 


Land     p 
Couflities.         Area,     ^^rL' 
Sq.  Mis.  •'^^"• 

Somerset.  1-4 3,664    32,627 

Waldo,  P-7 7  5    ;^7,759 

Washington,  L-12.2,4.52     44,482 

York,  T-2 1^20    62.829 

Total 29,895  661,086 


18 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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13 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


19 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.    ^l^ST^i,..^ 


Named  after  the  County 

HISTORICAL.  —  One  of  the  Thirteen 
Original  States;  adopted  and  ratified  the  Con 
stitution  June  21,  1788;  the  ninth  State  ad 
mitted.  First  settlements  made  by  English, 
I  at  Portsmouth  and  Dover,  1(323;  Exeter  and 
Hampton  settled  1638  and  1639.  State  con- 
stitution adopted  1784;  amended  1792;  revised 
and  amended  1876;  present  constitution 
adopted  1877. 

AREA.  —  9,30.5  square  miles;  land  area, 
9,005  square  miles;  water,  300  square  miles; 
greatest  length,  180  miles;  breadth,  45  to  100 
miles.  Famed  for  the  beauty  of  its  mountain 
and  lake  scenery;  one-.se venth  of  total  area 
occupied  by  White  Mountains;  highest  eleva- 
tion, Mount  Washington— 6,288  feet.  Area  of 
lakes,  110,(XK>  acres;  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  the 
largest,  22  miles  in  length.  State  has  18  miles 
of  sea-coast;  Portsmouth  only  good  harbor. 
Streams  afford  unrivaled  water-power,  largely 
utilized  in  manufactures. 

CLIM,\TE.  —  Mean  annual  temperature, 
Mount  Washington,  26.3°;  highest  recorded, 
74° ;  lowest,  — 49°.  Mean  annual  at  Manchester, 
48.5°;  highest  recorded,  94°;  lowe.st,  —IP. 
Mean  annual  rainfall.  Mount  ■Washington,  90 
inches;  Manchester,  40  inches. 

POPULATION.— New  Hampshire  ranked 
tenth  in  17!)0,  eleventh  in  1800,  sixteenth  in 
1810,  fifteenth  in  1820,  eighteenth  in  18:30, 
twenty-second  in  1840 and  1850,  twenty  seventh 
in  1860,  thirty-first  in  1870  and  1880,  and  thirtj-- 
tliird  in  IWMJ.  Total  population  17'.tO,  141,885; 
1800,  18:3,8.58;  1810,  214,4(iO;  1820,  244,022;  18:30, 
269,328;  1840,  2.84,. 574;  18.50.  :317,976:  1.S60.  :326. 
073;  1870.  318,:300;  1880,  :346.991;  18lt0,  ;37G,5;3(J. 
Classification:  Male,  186..566;  female,  189,9t^4; 
Native,  ;3O4.190;  foreign,  72,:340;  white,  375,K40; 
colored,  6!X)— Africans,  614;  Chinese,  58;  Jap- 
anese, 2;  Indians,  16. 

PRINCII'AL  CITIES.— Manchester,  the 
me  ropolis  and  principal  seat  of  manufactur- 
ing industries,  population,  44,126;  Na.shua  and 
Dover,  important  manufactui'ing  centers, 
population,  19.311  and  12.790:  Concord,  the 
capital  seat  of  government  since  1807,  popu- 
lation, 17,004;  Portsmouth,  a  port  of  entry, 
founded  16.53,  seat  of  government  until  1807, 
population,  9,827. 

AGRICULTURAL — Hay  most  important 
crop,  latest  report  gives  644,729  tons,  value, 
$6,769.6.55;  corn,  l,:3;3;3.00O  bushels,  value.  Sl,- 
026,723;  average  value  per  acre  greater  than  in 
any  other  State;  wheat,  148.000  bushels,  value, 
S170,244;  oats,  1,098  000  bushels,  value,  S504,- 
880;  tobacco,  86,.593  pounds,  value,  $10,710. 
Total  value  of  farm  animals,  S12  061,:351; 
hort-es  lead  in  importance. 


of  Hampshire,  England. 

STONE  <iUARRIES,  ETC.  —  Popular 
name  of  State  derived  from  its  famous  white 
granite.  Number  of  quarries,  78;  amount 
quarried,  1889,  2,822,026  cubic  feet,  value, 
$727,531;  number  of  cubic  feet  for  building, 
1,;306,:3;31;  .street  paving,  1,1.57,992  cubic  feet; 
output  more  than  double  during  past  decade. 
State  ranks  first  in  mica,  produces  over  eight- 
tenths  of  the  total  product;  40,000  pounds 
mined  in  1889,  value,  $40,000;  leads  in  produc- 
tion of  soapstone,  yield,  4,252  tons  of  manu- 
factured, value,  $117,883;  sandstone  and 
l^yrites  are  worked. 

MANUFACTURES.-Manufacturing  the 
principal  indu.str3-;  the  most  important  are 
cotton  and  woolen  goods,  boots  and  shoes, 
wooden-ware,  and  paper.  First  cotton  mill 
erected  1804;  since  18.50  capital  invested  in 
manufactures  has  increased  300  per  cent.; 
annual  products  valued  at  from  $75,000,000  to 
$10(J,000.000. 

RAILAVAYS.— First  railway  chartered  in 
18:35;  number  miles  in  1840,  .53;  1850,  467;  18.55, 
6.57;  1860,  661;  1865,  667;  1870,  7:36;  187.5,  934; 
1880,  1,015;  188.5,  1,044;  1890,  1,146;  January  1, 
1892,  1,144.  State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to 
each  8.13  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.— Ha-s  compulsory  education 
law;  school  age,  5-21 ;  number  pupils  enrolled 
in  public  schools  in  18tK),  59,813,  a  loss  of  over 
7V^  percent,  during  the  decade;  expenditures, 
$8l4,:3i>4:  number  pui>ils  in  private  .schools, 
7,.543;  Dartmouth  College  organizeil  1769,  473 
students. 

LEGAL  IIOLIDAYS.-February  22,  May 
30,  .Inly  4,  Thanksgiving,  December  25,  general 
election,  and  fa.«t  day. 

CIVIL  WAR,  ETC.  — New  Hampshire 
contributed  a  total  of  :3;3.937  men— .32,9:30  Avhite 
troops,  882  sailors  and  marines,  and  125 
colored  troops;  number  of  deaths,  4,882;  num- 
ber pensioners  in  State,  1891,  7  707. 

POLITICAL.— State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  first 
Monday  in  November.  Number  of  Senators, 
24;  Representatives,  :3.59;  term,  2  years;  'ses- 
sions, biennial  in  odd-numbered  years;  limit, 
none;  meets  first  Wednesday  in  January; 
number  electoral  vote.s,  4;  number  voters, 
118,135.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  resi- 
dents of  the  State,  count}',  and  town  6  months, 
jjrecinct,  10  days;  aliens,  paupers,  non-tax- 
paj'ei-s,  at  their  own  request,  excluded; 
registration  required.  Women  vote  at  school 
elections. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 20 years;  notes,  6  years;  open accoimts, 
6  years;  legal  interest.  6;  by  contract,  6. 


COUNTIES. 


Land      p 
Counties.        Area,      tjrK' 
Sq.  Mis.   ^""^• 

Belknap,  P-8 392      20,:321 

Carn)ll.  31-9 907  *  18,124 

Cheshire.  U-4--..  784      29,.579 
Coos,  F-9 1,771      2:3,211 


Land 

Pop. 

1890. 

Land 

Counties.       Area, 

Counties. 

Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

Sq.  Mis 

Grafton,  L-7  ....l  766 

:37,217 

Strafford,  R-11. 

...  376 

Hillsboro,  U-7  -..  »44 

93,247 

Sullivan,  P-4-.. 

...  547 

IMerrimack,  R-7. .  909 

49,4:35 

Total 

..9,005, 

Rockingham,U-10  709 

49,6.50 

Pop. 

1890. 

38.442 

17.304 

376,5:30 


20 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  00. 'S 


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10 


Washington. 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


21 


VERMONT. 


Ver-mont'. 

•'Green  Mountain  State." 

From  French  words  "vert,"  green,  and  "mont,"  mountain. 


HISTORICAL.— First  State  admitted  after 
the  adoption  of  the  United  States  Constitution, 
and  the  organization  of  the  government. 
Date  of  admission  March  4,  1791.  First  settle- 
ment made  at  Fort  Dummer,  near  site  of 
Bi'attleboro,  17^;  settled  by  emigrants  from 
Massachusetts.  First  Constitution  adopted 
1777,  second  1786,  third  in  1791;  amendments 
made  in  1793,  183fi,  ia50,  and  1870. 

AREA,  ETC.— 9..565  square  miles;  land 
area,  9,13.5  squai-e  miles;  water,  430  square 
miles;  length,  l.")8  miles;  1  readth,  3."5  to  85 
miles.  Greea  Mountains  traverse  the  State 
from  north  to  south;  highest  elevation.  Mount 
I  Mansfield,  4  430  feet.  Over  100  miles  of  front- 
age on  Lake  Champlaiu;  lake  navigation  im- 
portant, Burlington  the  principal  port.  Con- 
necticut River  drains  3..500  square  miles — one- 
third  the  total  area.  Numerous  small  streams 
furnish  abundant  water-power,  largely  utihzed 
for  manufactures. 

CLIMATE — Temperature  at  Burlington: 
Winter,  18°  to  .50°;  summer,  6.5°  to  75°;  mean 
for  January,  19°,  extreme,  — !i4°;  for  July,  71°, 
extreme,  97";  average  rainfall,  ;33  inches. 

POPULATION.- Vermont  ranked  twelfth 
in  1790,  thirteenth  in  1800.  fifteenth  in  1810,  six- 
teenth in  1820,  seventeenth  in  1830,  twenty- 
first  in  1840,  twenty-third  in  18.50,  twenty- 
eighth  in  1860,  thirtieth  in  1870,  thirty-second 
in  1880,  and  tliirtv-sixth  in  1890.  Total  popu- 
lation 1790.  85.42.5';  1800,  154.465;  1810,  217.895; 
1820,2:55,966;  1830,  280,6.52;  1^0,  291.;>48;  ia50. 
314.120;  1860,  315.098;  1870.  *50,.551 ;  1880,  a32,286; 
1890,  332,422.  Classification:  Male,  169.327; 
female.  163,095;  native,  288,*i4;  foreign.  44,088; 
white,  3;il,418;  colored,  1,004— Africans,  937; 
Chinese,  32;  Japanese,  1;  Indians,  34. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Burlington,  one 
of  the  most  important  lumber  markets  in  the 
United  States,  popidation,  14,590;  Rutland 
ranks  second,  population,  11.760,  principal 
seat  of  rnarble  industry;  St.  Albans,  popula- 
tion, 7,771;  Brattleboro,  6,862;  Barretown, 
6.812;  Montpelier,  the  capital  since  1805,  popu- 
lation, 4,160. 

AORICULTURAL.  -  Although  exceed- 
ingly mountainous,  proportion  of  cultivable 
ai'ea  is  large.  Agriculture  the  chief  occu- 
pation of  the  State.  Over  3.000,000  acres  of 
improved  land.  Among  New  England  States, 
Vermont  ranks  second  only  to  Maine  in  the 
value  of  farm  products.  Latest  reports  give: 
Corn,  2.144.000  bu>^h  Is.  value.  $1.629,M2; 
wheat,  344.000  bushels,  value,  $:592,477;  oats, 
4.037.000  bushels,  value.  11,655.227:  hay.  1,0:^.- 
303  tons,  value,  $9,760,048.     State  exceeds  all 


others  in  production  of  maple  sugar — nearly 
12,000,000  pounds  of  sugar  and  130,000  gallons  of 
molasses.     Value  of  farm  animals.  $18.172.1,57. 

MINERAL  ^VEALTH.  —  The  quarries 
constitute  the  chief  mineral  wealth  of  the 
State.  Marbles  in  great  variety  are  quarried 
in  large  quantities:  production  steadilj-  in- 
creasing. Rutland  County  the  leading  localitj'. 
Value  of  total  output  for  year.  $2,300,000; 
$2,000,000  being  credited  to  Rutland.  State 
ranks  second  in  production  of  slate;  number 
quarries,  60:  output,  235,850  squares  roofing 
slate,  value.  $.592,997:  number  granite  quarries 
53;  output,  1,073.9:36  cubic  feet,  value.  $.581,870; 
16  limestone  quarries. value  of  output,  $19.5,066; 
number  ban-els  of  lime  manufactured  324,148. 
State  produced  l.'iSG  long  tons  manganese  ore, 
and  72.000  pounds  copper.    Iron  and  gold  exist. 

RAILWAYS.— Railroad  constniction  be- 
gim  in  1846:  in  December,  1849.  two  lines  com- 
pleted—Burlington to  Connecticut  River. 
Total  number  miles  in  operation  18.50,  290; 
1855,529;  1860,  ,5.54:  1865,  .587;  1870,  614;  187.5, 
810;  1880.  914:  1885,  946;  1890,  988:  January  1, 
1892, 1,001,  State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to 
each  9.38  square  miles. 

EDUCATION — Lands  set  apart  for  sup- 
port of  schools  as  early  as  1761 :  legislative  pro- 
vision for  education  dates  from  1782.  Number 
pupils  enrolled  in  public  schools,  1889,  7:3.2:37; 
a  loss  of  10  per  cent,  during  the  past  decade; 
expenditures,  $689,917;  number  pupils  in 
private  schools,  6.745.  School  age,  .5-20.  State 
University  at  Burlington,  organized  1791 ; 
immber  students,  .526.  Normal  schools  at 
Castleton,  .Johnson,  and  Randolph.  Training 
school  at  Bennington. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS. -January  1,  May 
30,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  and  December  25. 

CIVIL  "WAR.— The  State  furni.shed  a  total 
of  :3;3,288  men— ;32..549'  white  troops,  619  sailors 
and  marines,  120  colored  troops.  June  30, 
1891,  there  were  8.566  pensioners  in  the  State. 

POLITICAL. —State  elections  biennial, 
first  Tuesday  in  September.  Congressional 
and  presidential,  Tuesday  after  first  Monday 
in  November.  Number  of  Senators,  :30;  Rep- 
resentatives, 243;  term,  2  years;  sessions,  bien- 
nial in  even-numbered  years ;  meets  first 
"Wednesday  in  October;  limit  of  session,  none. 
Number  of  electoral  votes,  4;  number  voters, 
101.697.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  resi- 
dents of  State  1  year;  registration  required. 
Bribers  excluded. 

LEGAL. — Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, notes,  and  open  accounts,  6  years; 
legal  interest,  6 ;   by  contract,  6. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Addison.  J-4 7:34 

Bennington,  S-4--  680 
Caledonia,  FIO..  648 
Chittenden,  F-4..  516 
Essex,  D-12 7:30 


Pop. 

1890. 

22,277 
20,448 
23,4:36 
35:389 
9.511 


Land 
Counties.        Area. 
Sq.  Mis. 

Frankhu,  B-5 639 

Grand  Isle,  C-3...     80 

Lamoille,  E-6 450 

Orange,  K-8 659 


Pop. 
1890. 

29,7.55 
3,843 
12,831 
19,5; 


Orleans.  C-9 728      22,101 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis, 

Rutland,  M-4 903 

Washmgton,  H-7  .  703 
Windham.  S-6  . .   .  765 

Windsor,  0-7 900 

Total 9,135 


Pop. 

1890. 

45.397 
29,606 
26.547 
31,706 
332.422 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


<(aoaafL,0U 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


23 


MASSACHUSETTS, 


Name  of  Indian  origin, 

HISTOKICAI..  —  Sixth  in  order  of  the 
Thii-teen  Original  States  to  adopt  and  ratify 
the  Constitution,  date,  February  6, 1788.  First 
permanent  settlement  made  by  English  Furi- 
tans,  at  Plj^mouth,  1620;  Salem  founded  1028. 
First  constitution  adopted  1780 ;  this,  with 
various  amendments,  constitutes  the  law  of 
the  State. 

AREA.— 8,315  square  miles;  land  area, 
8,040  square  miles:  Avater,  275  square  miles; 
length,  northeast  and  southwest,  100  miles; 
l)readth,  47  to  90  miles.  The  Merrimac,  Con- 
necticut, Housatonic,  and  other  rivers,  furnish 
immense  water-jjower  which  is  largely  utilized. 

CL.IIVIATJE.— Temperatm-e Boston:  Winter, 
27°  to  38°;  summer,  66°  to  71°;  mean  annual, 
48.8'.  Mean  annual  rainfall :  Boston,  45  04 
inches;  Wood's  Holl,  44.11;  Springfield,  47.04. 

POPULATION.  —  Massachusects  ranked 
fourth  in  17'.)0,  fifth  in  1800  and  1810,  seventh 
in  1820,  eighth  in  18:^0  and  1840,  si.vth  in  1850, 
seventh  in  1860,  1870,  and  1880,  and  sixth  iu 
1890.  Total  population,  1790,  378,787;  1800, 
422,845;  1810,  472.040;  18>(»,  52:3,159;  18:^0,  610.408; 
1840,737.699;  1850,994.514;  1860,1,231,066;  1870, 
1,457,351;  1880,  l,78:3,0a5;  1890,2,2:38,943.  Classi- 
fication: Male,  1,087,709;  female.  1.1.51.2:^; 
native.  1,581,806 ;  foreign,  6.57.1:37 ;  white, 
2,215,;373;  colored.  2:3,570  — Africans,  22,144; 
Chinese,  984;  Japanese,  18;  Indians,  424. 

PRINCIPAL.  CITIES — Boston,  capital 
and  metropolis,  great  commercial  center; 
population,  448,477.  Worcester,  Taunton,  and 
Springfield,  centers  of  iron  and  steel  indus- 
tries; population,  Worcester,  84.655.  Spring- 
field, seat  of  largest  arsenal  and  armory  in 
United  States.  Lynn,  jjrincipal  center  of 
boot  and  shoe  industry,  Lowell,  Lawrence, 
Fall  River,  and  Holyoke,  chief  centers  of 
cotton  industries.  Cambridge,  seat  of  Har- 
vard College,  oldest  in  America.  First  printing 
press  in  America  established  at  Cambridge; 
printing  still  a  leading  industry  of  the  citv. 

AGRICULTURAL. —  State  has  3,:359,679 
acres  in  farms,  value,  $146,197,41.5.  Hay,  the 
most  important  crop ;  latent  report  gives: 
674,:365  tous,  value,  $10,021,249;  potatoes,  3.6:32,- 
000  bushpls,  value,  $1,997,800:  c(irn,  2,1:38,000 
bushels,  value,  $1.6ti7,869;  oats.  7(i8,000  bushels; 
tobacco,  2,794,848  pounds.  Total  number  farm 
animals, 461, 919,  value,  $15.87:3.817. 

GRANITE  AND  LIMESTONE.  State 
leads  in  production  and  value  of  granite. 
Number  quarries.  151:  output,  1889,  9,587,996 
cubic  feet,  value,  $2,.503,503.  Number  limestone 
quarries,  12;  total  value  of  output,  $119,978 ; 
lime,  $93,702. 


Mas-sa-chu'sets. 
"Bay  State." 

'About  the  Great  Hills.''' 

FISHERIES — Over  one-half  the  fishing 
vessels  in  United  States  owned  in  Massachu- 
setts. Over  two-thirds  or  69.31  per  cent,  of 
vessels  of  United  States  whale  fleet  from  Mas- 
sachusetts ports;  total  number  of  fleet,  101; 
from  New  Bedford  alone,  57.  Value  of  prod- 
ucts for  State,  1889,  $988,487;  sperm  oil,  $454,- 
700;    whalebone,  $419,.520. 

MANUFACTURES.  —Manufacturing  in- 
dustries most  important.  In  total  value  of  all 
products,  State  ranks  third;  in  cotton  produc- 
tions, leather,  iind  boots  and  shoes,  ranks  first. 
First  cotton-mill  in  the  United  States  estab- 
lished at  Beverly,  1787;  one  of  the  earliest 
woolen-mills  was  that  at  Newbury,  1794;  first 
iron  works  established  at  Lynn  and  Taunton, 
1631  and  1644.  Boston  is  the  center  of  the 
wool  trade.  Capital  employed  in  wool  industry, 
$75,665,6:37;  cost  of  materials,  $44,767,072; 
value  of  products,  $72,681,408. 

RAl LAVA YS.— First  road  constructed  18:35; 
number  of  miles  in  State,  1840,  ;301 ;  1^50, 1,035; 
1860,  1,264;  186.5,  1,297;  1870,  1,480;  1875,  1,817; 
1880,  1,915;  1885,  1.997;  1890,  2,096;  January, 
1892,  2,100.  One  mile  of  road  to  each  3.95 
square  miles. 

EDUCATION.  —  Foimdation  of  present 
sj'stem  established  1647;  compulsory  educa- 
t  ion  law ;  school  age,  5-15 ;  annual  expenditures 
over  $S,2iK),()(H»;  number  of  pupils  in  public 
schools,  371,492.  Normal  schools  at  Boston, 
Bridgewater,  Framingham,  Salem,  Westfield, 
and  Worcester;  number  of  pupils  in  private 
schools,  66,772:  Stiite  has  7  colleges. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — February  22,  May 
:30,  July  4,  first  Monday  in  SeptemV)er,  Thanks- 
giving, December  25,  and  fast  day. 

CIVIL  AVAR State  furnished  146,7:30 men 

and  over  $.50,000,000.  Of  the  total,  122,781  were 
white  troops,  19,98:3  sailors  and  marines,  3  966 
colored  troops;  aggregate  number  of  deaths, 
1:3.942.     State  has"2.5.9.53  pensioners. 

POLITICAL.— State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections.  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  November;  number  of  Senators,  40; 
Representatives,  240;  term,  1  j'ear;  .sessions, 
ainuial,  meets  first  Wednesday  in  January; 
limit  of  session,  none.  Number  of  electoral 
votes,  15;  number  voters,  665.009;  voters  must 
be  citizens,  residents  of  State  1  year,  precinct 
6  months ;  registration  required.  Paupers, 
non-taxpayers,  and  persons  unable  to  read 
and  write  excluded. 

LEGA  L.  —  Statutes  of  limitation  :  Judg- 
ments, 20  years;  notes  and  open  accounts,  6 
years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years;  legal 
interest,  6;  by  contract,  any  rate. 


COUNTIES. 


Counties. 


Sq  Mis.  !«»• 
BarnstaV)le,  L-18.  373  29,172 
Berkshire,  F-2...  9.59       81,108 

Bristol,  J-14 557      186,465 

Dukes,  N-17 124        4,:369 

Essex,  C-15 503     299,995 


Counties. 


Franklin.  C-5 
Hampden,  H-5  _ 
Hampshire,  F-5. 
Middlesex,  El 2. 
Nantucket,  0-19. 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 


665 
634 
572 
827 
65 


Pop 
1890. 

:38,610 
1:3.5,713 

51.859 
431,167 

3,268 


Counties. 


Sq.Ss.  1890. 
.  494  118,9.50 
.  671        92,?00 


Norfolk,  H-14  . . 
Plymouth,  J-16.       .. 

Suffolk,  F-14 45     484,780 

Worcester,  F-2.  J, .5.51     280,787 
Total 8,040  2,2.38,943 


•mrrr 


TTTT 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


25 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


Rod  Fland. 
"Little  Rhody." 


Named  after  the  Island  of  Rhodes. 


HISTORICAI..— Lastof  the  Original  Thir- 
teen States  to  ratify  the  Constitution;  ratifi- 
cation took  plac3  May  29,  1790.  First  settle- 
ment made  by  Roger  Williams,  and  emigrants 
from  Massachusetts,  at  Providence  1636. 
Portsmouth  and  Newport  settled  during  1638 
and  1639.  Providence  Plantations,  in  Xarra- 
gansett  Bay,  incorporated  1643.  Charter  for 
Rhode  Island  and  Providence  obtained  1663; 
charter  remained  the  organic  law  for  179  years, 
or  from  1663  to  1842,  date  of  the  adoption  of 
present  Constitution. 

AREA,  ETC — This,  the  smallest  of  the 
States,  has  a  total  area  of  1,250  square  miles; 
land,  1,085  square  miles;  water,  165  square 
miles;  extreme  length,  north  and  south,  48 
miles;  breadth,  35  miles.  Coast  line  deeply 
indented  by  Narragansett  Bay.  Providence, 
Newport,  Bristol,  and  Warren  have  good  har- 
bors. Pawtuxet,  Pawcatuck,  Wood,  and  other 
rivers  furnish  abundant  water-power  for  the 
varied  manixfactures. 

CLIMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Newport: 
Winter,  29°  to  43°;  summer,  64°  to  71°;  mean 
annual,  50°;  average  annual  rainfall,  49.97 
inches;  at  Block  Island,  44.95  inches. 

POPULATION.  —  Rhode  Island  ranked 
fifteenth  in  1790,  sixteenth  in  1800,  seventeenth 
in  1810,  twentieth  in  1820,  twenty-third  in  1830, 
twenty-fourth  in  1840,  twenty-eighth  in  1K50, 
twenty-ninth  in  1860,  thirty-second  in  1870, 
thirty-third  in  1880,  and  thirty-fifth  in  1890. 
Total  population  1790,  68,825;  1800,  69.122;  1810, 
76,931;  1820,  83,015;  1830,  97,199;  1840,108,8:30; 
1850.  147,545;  1860,  174,620;  1870,  217,;i53;  1880, 
276,.531;  1890,  345,.506.  Classification:  Male, 
168,025;  female,  177,481;  native,  2:»,201;  for- 
eign, 106,305;  white.  a37.859;  colored,  7,647— 
Africans,  7,.393;  Chinese,  69;  Japanese,  5; 
Indians,  180. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. -Providence,  the 
metropolis,  one  of  the  State  capitals;  the 
second  city  in  New  England  in  population  and 
importance;  one  of  the  greatest  manufactiu"- 
ing  centers;  population,  132,146.  Pciwtucket, 
seat  of  varied  and  extensive  manufactiu'es; 
population,  27.633,  Woon.socket.  an  important 
center  of  woolen  and  cotton  indu.stries;  popu- 
lation, 20,830.  Newport,  the  other  State 
capital,  famous  as  a  summer  resort,  and 
for  its  historical  associations;  population, 
19,457. 

AGRICULTURAL — Hay,  potatoes,  and 
Indian  corn  form  the  chief  agricultural  pro- 
ducts. Latest  reports  give:  Hay.  104.829  tons, 
value,  $1,656,298;  potat<:)es,  6()8,000  bushels, 
value,  $367,528;  corn,  450.000  bushels,  value, 
$a55,542.  Total  number  farm  animals,  80,926, 
value,  $2,421,320. 


GRANITE    INDUSTRY.  —  State  has  37 

quarries;  output  1889,  2.878,2.37  tons,  value, 
^1931,216:  ranks  fifth  in  total  value  of  output; 
surpasses  all  others  in  value  of  output  for 
monumental  work,  value,  1889,  $600,000;  2  lime- 
stone quarries,  output  valued  at  $27,625;  32,100 
barrels  of  lime,  value.  $27,500. 

MANUFACTURES — Manufactures  form 
the  chief  industry  of  the  State.  Rhode  Island 
excels  all  others  in  per  capita  value  of  manu- 
factured products.  Ranks  second  only  to 
3Iassachusetts  in  production  of  cotton  goods. 
Cotton  industry  dates  from  1790-93.  In  1791, 
5,888  yards  cotton  cloth  made;  in  1810,  7-35,319 
yards.  State  ncnv  has  over  $38,0(X),000  capital 
invested  in  cotton  manufactures.  In  1889,  91 
establishments  engaged  in  wool  industry; 
capital  employed,  $28,886  337,  value  of  pro- 
ducts, $;i4,722,493.  Providence,  the  chief  center 
jewelry  manufactures  in  the  United  States. 

RAl  LAV  AYS.— Length  of  roads:  1840,  50 
miles;  1850,  68;  1860,  108;  1870,  i;36;  1875,  179; 
1880,  210;  1890,  217;  January,  1892,  223.  One 
mile  of  road  to  each  5.6  square  miles. 

EDUCATION — School  system  eflScient ; 
established  1828;  compulsory  education  a  law; 
school  age,  .5-15;  number  of  pupils  enrolled 
in  public  schools,  54,170;  expenditures,  $917,- 
9fK) ;  State  Normal  School  at  Providence; 
number  of  pupils  in  private  schools,  9,754. 
Brown  University,  Providence,  organized  in 
1764.  Number  of  academies,  9.  State  con- 
tains numerous  libi'aries,  that  of  Redwood, 
incorporated  1747. 

CIVIL  WAR. — State  took  an  active  part. 
Quota  of  men  called  for.  18,898;  number  sent, 
23,699;  white  troops,  19  521,  sailors  and  mar- 
ines, 1,878,  colored  troops,  1,8:37;  aggregate 
deaths,  1,321;  number  pensioners,  June  30, 1891, 
2,88*9. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS February  22,  May 

SO,  July  4,  December  25,  Thanksgiving,  State 
and  Presidential  elections. 

POLITICAL State  elections,  annual,  first 

Wedm  .sday  in  April.  Congressional  and  presi- 
dential elections,  Tuesday  after  first  Monday 
in  November.  Number  of  Senators,  36;  Rep- 
resentatives. 74 ;  term,  1  year ;  sessions, 
annual,  meets  last  Tuesday  in  May;  limit  of 
session,  none.  Number  of  electoral  votes, 
4 ;  number  of  votei-s,  100,017.  Voters  must 
be  actual  citizens,  residents  of  State,  1  year, 
town,  6  months;  registration  required.  Pau- 
pers, idiots,  insane,  and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments and  sealed  instruments,  20  years;  notes 
and  open  accounts,  6  years;  redemption  of 
tax  sales,  1  year.  Legal  interest  rate,  6;  by 
contract,  any. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Bristol,  111 25 

Kent,  J-6 ....180 


Pop. 

1890. 

11,428 
26.754 


Land      p 

Counties.       Area,      iqqV> 

Sq.  Mis.    ^'^^"■ 

Nevrport,  L-11  ....100      28,552 

Providence,  D-6... 440    255.123 


Land      p 

Counties.        Area,      ^  Qfjr,' 

Sq.  Mis.    ^"^"• 

Washington,  N-6. . .  340      23, 649 

Total 1,085    345,506 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO. '8 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


27 


CONNECTICUT. 


Kon-net'e-kut. 

"  Nutmeg  State." 


Indian  ''Quonektacat,"  upon  the  long  river. 


HISTORICAL. First    settlements   made 

by  emigrants  from  Massachusetts,  1632-1636. 
Charter  granted  Connecticut  166:2,  remained 
organic  law  until  the  adoption  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  1818.  Became  a  State  January  9,  1788; 
the  fifth  of  the  Thirteen  Original  States  to 
adopt  and  ratify  the  Constitution. 

AREA.— 4,990  square  miles:  land  area,  4,845 
square  miles;  water,  145;  average  breadth,  east 
and  west,  86  miles;  average  length,  55  miles; 
100  miles  of  sea-coast  with  large  number  of 
good  harbors.  Greatest  altitude,  Bear  Mount- 
ain, 2,;i55  feet.  Principal  rivers:  Connecticut, 
Housatonic,  and  Thames.  • 

-CLI3IATE Temperature  at  New  Haven: 

Mean  winter,  28°,  lowest, —14°;  summer,  72°, 
highest,  100°;  average  annual  rainfall,  50.3 
inches.  New  Loudon:  "Winter,  28°,  extreme, 
— 10°;  summei",  71°,  extreme,  93°;  rainfall,  49.1 
inches. 

POPULATION.  —  Connecticut  ranked 
eighth  in  1790  and  1800,  nmth  in  1810,  foui'- 
teeuth  in  1820,  sixteenth  in  18^30,  twentieth  in 
1840,  twenty-first  in  18.50,  twenty-fourth  in 
1860,  twenty-fifth  in  1870,  twenty-eighth  in 
1880,  and  twentv-ninth  in  1890.  Total  popula- 
tion, 1790,  237.946;  1800,  251,002;  1810,  261.!)42; 
1820,  275,148;  18:30,  297,675;  1»40,  :309.978;  18.50, 
;370,792;  1860,  460,147;  1870,  .5:37,454;  1880,  622,700; 
1890,  746,2.58.  Clas.sification:  Male,  :369,5;38; 
female.  :376,720;  native,  .562,657:  foreign,  18:3,- 
601;  white,  7:3:3,4:38;  colored,  12,820— Africans, 
12,:302;  Chinese,  272;  Japanese,  18;  Indians, 
228 

PRINCIPAL.  CITIES New  Haven,  the 

metro[X)lis,  important  conunercial,  manufact- 
ui-ing,  and  railway  center;  population,  81,298. 
Hartford,  the  capital,  center  of  educational 
interests,  ranks  high  as  an  insurance  city  and 
in  the  manu 'active  of  fire-arms  and  edge 
tools;  population,  5:3,2:30.  Bridgeixirt,  a  port 
of  entry,  has  important  manufactures;  popu- 
lation, 48,866.  Waterbury,  Meriden,  and  New 
Biitain  have  varied  and  extensive  nianufact- 
m-es:  populations,  28.646,  21,652,  19,007. 

AGR IC U LT URAL.  —  Principal  staples  : 
Fi-uit,  hay,  potatoes,  tobacco,  and  dairy  jirod- 
ucts.  Cereals,  1891:  Corn,  2,112.(X)0  bushels; 
wheat,  31,000  bushels;  oats,  1,147.(KX).  Tobac- 
co, grown  in  the  Connecticut  Valley,  is  of 
high  grade,  chiefiy  used  for  cigar-wrappeT-s. 
Among  tobacco-producing  states,  in  1889, 
State  ranked  eleventh  in  amount  and  eighth 
in  value  of  products;  number  pounds  c:rown, 
8,874,924,  value,  $1.1:32.111;  hay  crop.  574,419 
tons,  value,  $8,443,959;  potatoes,  2,677,000 
bushels,  value,  $1,418,662.  Number  farm  ani- 
mals. 384,277,  value.  $12.;35l,606. 

3IINERALS,    ETC State    ranks  fourth 

among  granite-producing  stales;  53  quarries; 


number  cubic  feet  quarried,  3,835,704,  value, 
$1,061,202.  Number  sandstone  quarries,  13; 
output,  2,821,430  cubic  feet,  value,  $920,061. 
Ranks  fourth  in  value  of  all  products;  Ln  value 
of  building-stone  ranks  second.  State  noted 
for  excellence  and  beauty  of  its  brown  sand- 
stone. Limestone:  9  quarries,  output,  3:3,750 
cubic  feet  building-stone,  191,795  barrels  of 
lime.  Excellent  iron  ore  has  been  mined  in 
Litchfield  County  for  more  than  150  years. 
First  forge  erected  near  Salisbury,  17:34.  Cop- 
per, lead,  nickel,  and  cobalt  exist. 

MANUFACTURES.— Ranks  among  the 
first  states  in  amount  of  capital  invested  and 
value  of  products.  Leads  in  manufacture  of 
fire-arms  and  ammimition.  Connecticut  ranks 
fourth  in  the  value  of  silk  manufactures.  Silk 
industry  dates  back  to  17:32.  Extensive  cotton 
and  woolen  manufactures;  109  establishments 
engaged  in  wool  industry  in  1889;  value  of 
products,  §20.843,965. 

RAILWAYS. — First  railroad  in  operation, 
18:38;  State  contained  102  miles  in  1840;  402,  in 
18.50;  1800,  601;  1870,  742;  1875,  918;  1880,  923; 
188.5,  975;  1890,  1,006;  January  1,  1892,  1,006 
miles,  or  one  mile  to  each  4  76  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.— Common  school  law  com- 
pulsory; .school  age,  4-16;  permanent  school 
fund,  $2,028,000;  number  pupils  enrolled  in 
public  schools,  126.505;  gain  over  1880,  6.68  per 
cent.  State  Normal  sciiools  at  New  Britain 
and  "Willimantic;  number  pupils  enrolled  in 
private  schools,  21,814.  Number  colleges,  3; 
seminaries,  4;  academies,  31.  Yale  College, 
at  New  Haven,  founded  1701. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  May  ;30,  Jul}-  4.  first  ^Monday  in  Septem- 
ber. Tliankssjiving,  and  December  25. 

CIVIL    WAR Quota    called  for,   44,797; 

number  sent,  5.5,864:  51,9:37  white  troops,- 2,16:3 
sailors  and  marines,  1,764  colored  troops; 
total  number  of  deaths,  5.:354;  number  pen- 
sioners in  State,  June  :30,  1891,  8.713. 

POLITICAL. —  State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  November;  number  of  Senators,  24; 
Representatives,  252;  term,  2  years:  sessions, 
biennial  in  odd-numbered  years.  Electing  of 
legislature.  Wednesday  after  first  ]\Ionday  in 
January;  limit  of  session,  none.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  6;  number  voters.  224.092. 
Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of 
State  1  year,  of  county  and  precinct  6  months: 
registration  requiied.  Persons  imable  to  read 
and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, no  limit:  notes  and  open  accounts,  6 
vears;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  1  year;- 
"legal  interest  rate,  6;  no  penalty  for  usury, 
more  than  6  can  not  be  collected  by  law. 


COUNTIES. 


Land     p 

Counties.        Area.     KJi\ 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^'^*^- 

Fairfield,  M-4....  540    150,081 

Hartford,  E-11...  7:38    147,180 

Litchfield,  D-6-..  948      5:3,542 


Pop. 
1890. 


Land 

Counties.       Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

Middlesex.  1-12  ..  :390      39,524 

New  Haven,  K-9.  619    209,058 

New  London,  1-16  687      76,6:34 


Land 
Counties.         Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Tolland.  El 4 403 

Windham,  C-17---  520 


Pop. 

1890. 

25,081 
45,158 


Total 4,845    746,258 


28 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


JLONCITDDE      VVEST?8°rB01l      GREENWICH. 

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('eiSiO. 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


29 


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RAND,  McNALLY  &  OO.'S 


NEW  YORK. 


Nu  York. 
♦♦Empire  State. 


Named  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  York. 


HISTORICAL.— New  York  Bay  visited  by 
Hudson,  1009  river  explored  as  far  as  site  of 
Albany;  two  trading  posts  established,  and 
four  houses  built  on  Manhattan  Island,  1613; 
Dutch  East  India  Company  established  posts 
near  Albany  and  on  Manhattan  Island,  1615; 
Fort  Orange  built,  1623;  New  Amsterdam 
captured  by  Duke  of  York,  1664;  recaptm-ed 
by  the  Dutch,  1673;  restored  to  England,  16T4. 
United  States  Constitution  adopted  July  26, 
1788;  eleventh  of  the  Thirteen  Original  States 
to  enter  the  Union.  State  constitution  adopted 
1777;  present  constitution  adopted  1846. 

AREA. — 49,170  square  miles;  land  area, 
47,620  square  miles;  water,  1,550  square  miles; 
extreme  length,  east  and  west,  412  miles; 
extreme  breadth,  311  miles.  Of  the  boundaries 
nearly  890  miles  are  formed  by  navigable 
waters — Lakes  Erie,  Ontario,  and  Champlain 
form  3.52  miles;  Long  Island  Sound  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  246;  river  boundaries,  281. 
Hudson  and  Lawrence,  the  principal  rivers, 
forming  important  commercial  channels. 
Highest  point  in  State,  Mount  Marey,  5,402  feet. 
fCLlMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Albany: 
Mean  winter,  23°,  extreme  — 18°;  summer,  73°, 
extreme,  98°;  average  rainfall,  38.2  inches; 
New  York,  winter,  30°,  extreme  — 6° ;  summer, 
74°,  extreme,  100°;  average  rainfall,  45.1  inches. 
Oswego,  winter,  25°,  extreme,  — 23°;  summer, 
69°,  extreme,  100°;  rainfaU,  35  inches. 

POPULATION.— New  York  ranked  fifth 
in  population  in  1790,  third  in  1800,  second  in 
1810,  and  first  from  1820  to  1890.  Total  popu- 
lation, 1790,  340,120;  1800,  589,051;  1810,  959,049; 
1820,  1,372,111;  1830,  1,918,608;  1840,  2,428,921; 
1850,  3,097,394;  1860,  3.880,735;  1870,  4.382.759; 
1880,  5.082,871;  1890,  5,99?'.853.  Classification: 
Male,  2,970,893;  female,  3,020,960;  native.  4,426,- 
803;  foreign,  1,571,050;  white,  5,923.9.52;  colored, 
73,901— Africans,  70,092;  Chinese,  2,935;  Japan- 
ese, 148;  Indians,  720. 

PRINCTPAL  CITIES.— New  York  City, 
metropolis  of  the  United  States,  as  a  commer- 
cial and  financial  center,  ranks  second  only  to 
London,  population,  1,515,301;  area,  40.22 
square  miles.  Brooklyn,  second  in  size,  jDopu- 
lation,  800,343,  properly  a  suburb  of  New 
York.  Buffalo,  one  of  the  most  important 
trade  centers  in  the  United  States;  grain,  coal, 
and  lumber  chief  articles  of  commerce,  popu- 
lation of  city,  2.55,604.  Rochester,  important 
center  of  manufactures,  garden  seeds,  and 
nurseries,  population,  133,896.  Albany,  the 
capital,  population,  94,923.  Syracuse,  noted 
for  manufacture  and  export  of  salt,  popula- 
tion. 88,143. 

URBAN  POPULATION. -Large  increase 
in  urban  population  during  past  decade.  Cen- 
sus of  1880  showed  60  cities  and  towns  of  4,000 
or  more  j)opulation,  ag.gregate  population, 
2,743,032.^  Census  of  1890  shows  84  cities  and 
towns  of  4,000  or  more  population;  aggregate 
population,  3,805,577.  Greatest  numerical  in- 
creases: New  York,  309,002,  or  25.02  per  cent. ; 
Brooklyn,  239,080,  or  42.30  per  cent. ;  Buffalo, 
100,530,  or  64.80  per  cent. 


AGRICULTURE.— In  number  of  farms, 
State  ranks  third;  in  value,  second.  Ranks 
first  as  a  dairy  State,  annual  value  of  cheese 
and  butter,  $12,778,000.  Ranks  first  in  broom- 
corn,  buckwheat,  and  hops.  Number  acres 
under  hops,  1890,  36,670,  production,  38,965,920 
pounds;  State  produces  51.22  per  cent,  of  total 
yield  from  73.03  per  cent,  of  acreage.  State 
leads  in  production  of  buckwheat,  hay,  and 
potatoes.  Latest  report  gives  products: 
Buckwheat,  4,514,000  bushels;  hay,  5,426,757 
tons,  value,  $61,051,016  ;  potatoes,  29,688,000 
bushels.  Value  corn,  wheat,  and  oats,  grown 
1891.  $41,125,420. 

HORTICULTURAL,  ETC. -State  leads 
all  others  in  number  and  valne  of  nurseries. 
First  nursery  established  previous  to  1800. 
Capital  invested.  1889,  $12,202,844;  number, 
530;  acreage,  24,840;  value,  $10,609,856.  Great- 
est number  acres  in  apples;  pears,  grapes,  and 
plums  follow  in  order.  Seed  farms  number 
78:  acreage,  12,665;  capital  invested,  $1,501,653. 
State  had  one  establishment  engaged  in  flori- 
culture in  1800;  793  in  1890;  square  feet  of 
flass,  6  947,298;  value  of  establishments, 
9,254.873;  catalogues  issued,  5,500,000;  plant 
sales,  $2,228,720;  cut  flowers,  $3,615,667. 

VITICULTURE New  York  stands  sec- 
ond in  importance  among  States  engaged  in 
this  industry.  Number  acres  in  bearing  vines, 
1890,  43,;550;  new  vineyards,  7,650;  average 
yield  per  acre,  1.75  tons,  value  $70.  Grapes 
sold  for  table  use,  121,374,000  pounds;  wine 
made,  2,528,250  gallons;  capital  invested,  $20,- 
400,000. 

LIVE  STOCK.— State  ranks  fourth  in  live 
stock.  Total  value  farm  animals,  $141,511,000: 
Horses,  $64,8;M,400;  milch  cows,  $43,637,200; 
oxen  and  other  cattle,  $22,034,214;  sheep, 
$5,481,428. 

BUILDING  STONES,  ETC.  —  New 
York's  extensive  quarries  of  stone  and  marble 
widely  known.  State  ranks  first  in  bluestone ; 
number  quarries,  135;  output,  4,009,942  cubic 
feet,  va'ue,  $1,303,320:  ranks  fifth  in  sand- 
stone, 63  quarries;  output,  4,878,365  cubic 
feet,  value,  $702,419;  fourth  in  limestone;  157 
quarries;  total  value  products,  $1,708,830;  out- 
put for  building,  7,154,747  cubic  feet;  lime 
manufactured,  1,630,148  barrels;  granite  quar- 
ries number  13;  1,515,511  cubic  feet  quarried; 
increase  during  decade,  2,127  per  cent.  State 
has  16  slate  quarries;  value  of  output.  1889, 
$130,603.  Washington  County  only  locality  in 
United  States  producing  red  roofing  slate. 
State  produced  gypsum  valued  at  $79,476. 

IRON.  —  Iron  ores  of  excellent  quality 
largely  mined.  Magnetic  iron  ore  discovered 
on  Sterling  Mountain,  1750;  State  leads  all 
others  in  production  of  this  ore.  Brown  and 
red  hematite,  and  carbonate  ores  are  also 
mined.  Number  iron  mines  in  State,  42: 
production,  1889,  1,247,.537  long  tons -927,269 
tons  magnetic  ore.  First  forge  established  in 
Columbia  County,  1740;  first  anchor  in  State 
cast  at  SterUng  works,  1750;  first  steel  in 
province  made  at  Sterling  works,  1776;  Cham- 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


31 


plain  works  established  1801.  New  York  lead 
in  iron  and  steel  until  1840,  now  ranks  fifth  in 
pig:  iron  and  steel.  Output,  1889:  Pig  iron, 
351)000  tons;  steel.  113.000  tons. 
^PETKOL-E  CM. —Western  New  York  ranks 
among  prominent  oil-producing  localities. 
Bradford  and  Allegheny,  District  of  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  produced  7,158,000 
barrels  of  oil  in  1889;  a  large  percentage  due 
New  York.  Allegheny  field,  20  miles  long,  lies 
wholly  in  New  York. 

MANUFACTURES.— In  value  of  manu- 
factured products  State  leads  all  others. 
Value  of  products,  1890,  $1,512,975,300,  an  in- 
crease during  the  past  decade  of  40  per  cent. : 
capital  invested,  S~19.945,200.  Principal 
branches  of  manufactures:  Clothing,  flour, 
malt  liquors,  printing  and  publishing,  iron 
and  steel,  foundry  and  machine  shop  pro- 
ducts, and  refining  of  sugar.  State  refined 
5,000,000  barrels  of  sugar  in  1890:  manufact- 
ured 9,230.634  gallons  fermented  liquors,  and 
l,969,a39  gallons  distilled  spirits. 

SALT.— New  York  occupies  second  place 
among  .salt-producing  States.  Its  extensive 
wells  are  located  in  two  districts,  Onondaga 
and  War-saw.  Total  profluction,  1890,  2,532,0:36 
barrels— Onondaga,  1,546.412  barrels,  Warsaw. 
985,624  barrels;  value,  §1,-06,018.  Onondaga 
District  produced  25,474  bushels  in  1797,  in 
1882,  8,340,180  bushels,  more  than  double  the 
product  of  1890.  Warsaw  yield  for  1890,  thir- 
teen times  greater  than  that  of  1882. 

RAILWAYS.  — First  railroad,  Albany  to 
Schenectady,  opened  18:31.  Number  miles  in 
operation  1835,  104;  1840,  374;  1850,  1,361;  18.5.5, 
2,.583;  1860,  2,082;  186.5,  3.002;  187.5,  5,42:3;  1880, 
5,991;  1885,  7.:370;  181M),  7,745;  January  1.  1892, 
7,765.  State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each 
6.28  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.  — An  academy  and  classical 
scliool  established  1659.  Fir.st  schools  in  State 
established  liy  the  Dutch.  Free  grammar 
school  established  1702.  General  school  system 
organized  1812.    State  Normal  school  estab- 

COUN 


lished  1844.  Present  efficient  system  estab- 
lished 1867.  Compulsory  education  became  a 
law  1875.  School  age,  5-21.  Number  pupils 
enrolled  in  public  schools,  1  049,9.52;  in  private 
schools.  1.59,880.  State  has  27  colleges,  and  168 
academies.  Columbia  College,  founded  1746, 
has  over  1,700  students.  U-  S.  Military  acad- 
emy, West  Point,  organized  1802,  285  students. 
State  has  eleven  Normal  schools.  Vassar 
College  founded  1861,  has  :390  studeuts. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.  -January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  May  :3p,  July  4,  Labor  Day,  Decemljer 
25,  any  day  "appointed  by  the  Governor  or 
President  for  thauk.sgiving  or  fast,  and  every 
Saturday  afternoon.  General  Election  Day. 
When  aj^oliday  falls  on  Sunday  the  following 
Monday  is  observed. 

POSTAL — Total  number  post  offices.  .3,.506; 
number  presidential.  264 — 11  first  class;  73 
second  cla.ss;  180  third  class:  number  fourth- 
class  offices,  3,242;  money-order  offices,  625. 

CIVIL  AVAR. —  State  furnished  448.8.50 
men — 409,.561  white  troops.  :35,164  sailors  and 
marines,  4,125  colored  troops.  In  addition 
18.197  paid  commutation.  Total  number 
deaths,  46,5:34.  Within  the  State  are  60,:325 
l^ensioners. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections  annual. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesdaj'  after  first  IMonday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators.  :32;  Representatives, 
128;  .sessions  annual,  meets  first  Tuesday  in 
January;  limit  of  session,  none;  term  of 
Senators,  2  years;  Representatives.  1  year; 
number  of  electoral  votes,  :36;  number  voters, 
1,769,649.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens, 
residents  of  State  1  year,  of  count)-,  4  months, 
of  precinct,  ;30  days;  registration  required  in 
cities  of  7.000.  Election  bettors  or  bribers, 
and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, recovery  of  real  estate,  and  sealed  in- 
struments, 20  years;  open  accounts  and  notes, 
6  years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years. 
Legal  interest  rate.  6. 

TIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  .^(^' 

Sq.Mls.    ^^^• 

Albany,  JIG  .-..  499  104,5.55 

Alleghany,  K-5. 1,060  43.240 

Broome,  L-11 685  G2,97;f 

Cattaraugus, 

K-3 1,3.56  60,866 

Cayuga,  1-9 773  65,:302 

Chautauqua, 

L-2... 1,020  7.5,202 

Chemung,  L-9...  4:36  48.265 

Chenango,  K-11  .  8.54  :37,776 

Clinton,  A-17  -..  995  46,4:37 

Columbia.  L-17.-  691  46,172 

Cortland,  K-10  ..  480  28,657 

Delaware,   L-1 3.1. .5.57  45.496 

Dutchess,  N-16.-  8.53  77.879 

Erie,  J-4. 996  ;322,981 

Essex,  D-16 1,667  :3:3,052 

Fi-ankhn.  B-15..  1.783  .38  110 

Fulton,  H-15 567  :37.650 

Geaesee.  H-5.-.-  497  :33.265 

Greene,  K-15  ....  660  31.598 

Hamilton,  F-15. 1.767  4,762 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  fof^^' 

Sq.  Mis.     ^^•'"• 

Herkimer,  G-13- .  1 ,4.59  45,608 

Jefferson.    D-ll.-l,147  68.806 

Kings,  P-3 37  8:38  .'>47 

Lewis,  E-12 1,294  29,806 

Livingston.  1-6...  644  .37,801 

Madison.  Ml 628  42,892 

Monroe,  H-6 721  189,.586 

Montgomery,I-14.  :396  45,699 
New  York,  0-3. ...    40  1,.51.5,;301 

Niagara,  G-3 .504  62,491 

Oneida.  H-12  ....  1.196  122,922 

Onondaga,  MO...  824  146.247 

Ontario,  1-7 674  48.4.53 

Orange,  0-14 791  97,a59 

Orleans,  G-5 :399  :30,803 

Oswego,  G-10 962  71,88:3 

Otsego,  J-13 9.56  50,861 

Putnam,  0-16  ....  241  14,849 

Queens.  P-4 2.50  128,0.59 

Rensselaer,  J-17..  643  124,511 

Richmond,  P-2...     61  .51,693 

Rockland,  P-15...  200  :35,102 


Laud  p 

Coimties.        Area,  ^^rR' 
Sq.Mls.     ^**"^- 
St.  Lawrence, 

C-13 2.926  85,048 

Saratoga,  H-16..  800  .57.663 

Schenectady.MG  200  29,797 

Schoharie,  K-14.  647  29.164 

Schuyler,  K-8  ...  .3:35  16,711 

Seneca,  1-8 :346  28,227 

Stenben,  L-7..-.  1,490  81,473 

Suffolk,  0-6....     720  62,491 

Sullivan,  N-13...  911  :31,0:31 

Tioga,  L-9 .  498  29.9:35 

Tompkins,  K-9 . .  494  :32.923 

Ulster,  M-15  ....1,1.57  87,062 

Warren,  F-1 6....  940  27,866 
Washington, 

G-17   861  45  690 

Wayne,  H-8 621  49,729 

Westchester, 

0-16 463  146,772 

Wyoming,  1-4...  606  31,193 

Yates,  J-7 :342  21 ,001 

Total.  -.47,020  5  997.85:3 


32 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


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NEW  JERSEY 


Nil  Jer'zee. 

"Sharp  Backs  State." 


Named  after  the  Isle  of  Jersey. 


HISTORIC  Ali.— Earliest  settlements  made 
by  the  Dutch,  at  Bergen,  1617-20.  Elizabeth- 
town  established  1665.  State  constitution 
adopted  1776.  remained  organic  law  of  State 
until  the  adoption  o*"  the  Constitution  of  1844. 
New  Jersey,  the  third  in  order  of  the  Thirteen 
Original  States  to  enter  the  Union.  Admitted 
December  18,  1787. 

AREA.— 7,81.5  square  miles;  land  surface, 
7,455  square  miles;  water,  3G0  square  miles; 
extreme  length,  north  an  1  south,  167  miles ; 
average  breadth,  east  and  west,  .50  miles. 
Direct  shore  line,  120  miles,  including  small 
ba.vs  and  inlets,  much  greater.  Greatest 
altitude.  Kitatinny  Mountain,  1,6.30  feet. 

CLIMATE. -Temperature  at  Atlantic  City: 
Mean  winter,  .32°,  extreme,  — 7°;  summer.  72°, 
extreme,  99°;  average  rainfall,  42.5  inches. 
Cape  3Iay,  winter,  .34°,  extreme  1°:  summer, 
74°,  extreme,  91;  average  rainfall,  47.2  inches. 
New  Brunswick,  mean  winter,  28°,  extreme, 
—12°;  summer,  74°,  extreme,  98°;  rainfall,  46.8 
inches. 

POPUIiATION — New  Jersey  ranked  ninth 
in  1790,  tenth  in  1800,  twelfth  in  1810,  thirteentli 
in  1820,  fourteenth  in  18:i0,  eighteenth  in  1840, 
nineteenth  in  18.50,  twenty-first  in  1860,  seven- 
teenth in  1870,  nineteenth  in  1880,  and  eight- 
eenth in  18!»0.  Total  population,  1790,  184.139; 
1800,  211.149;  1810,  245,, ->(;•.>:  ls-.>o.  277,426;  1830, 
320,823:  1840,  373,306;  1,S.5U,  4s<,i.,-w5;  1860,  672,035; 
1870,  906,096;  1880,  1,1.31,116;  1890,  1,444,9.3.3. 
Classification:  Male,  720,819;  female,  9'24,114; 
native,  1,115,958;  foreign.  328.975;  white.  1,396.- 
.581;  colored,  48,352— Africans,  47,638;  Chi- 
nese. 608;  Japanese,  22:  Indians,  84. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Newark,  the  me- 
tropolis, population,  181.830;  Jersey  City  ranks 
second  in  size,  population,  163,003;  Paterson, 
the  "Lyons  of  America,'^  has  largest  silk 
factories  in  United  States,  population,  78..347: 
Camden,  a  port  of  entry,  population,  .58,313; 
Trenton,  the  capital,  population,  .57,458. 

AGRICULTURAL,  ETC.  —Agriculture 
an  important  industry.  State  especially  noted 
for  its  sweet  potatoes,  cranberries,  vegetables, 
and  fruits.  Value  of  corn,  wheat,  and  oat-s 
grown,  1891,  $11,785,758:  hay,  $7,47(i.422;  sweet 
potatoes,  average.  2,000.000  bushels  per  year. 
One  of  the  leading  States  in  floriculture; 
number  establishments,  1889,  .366.  value,  $3,666.- 
518 :  plant  sales,  $897,908;  cut  flowei-s,  $1,288,478. 

MINERALS.— State  is  rich  in  minerals. 
Ranks  seventh  in  iron  and  fourth  in  zinc.    In 


1889,  29  iron  mines  produced  415,510  tons  of 
ore;  copper  and  graphite  exist;  green  sand, 
marl,  glass  sand,  and  fire  and  pottery  clays 
are  worked.  State  has  23  gianite  quarries, 
output,  6,374,575  cubic  feet.  Ranks  seventh  in 
sandstone,  6,670,212  cubic  feet  quarried  in  1889; 
third  in  value  of  bluestone  produced. 

RAILAVAYS. -State  had  99  miles  of  road 
in  18:i5;  186, 1840;  466,  1855;  560.  1860;  864, 1865; 
1.125,  1870;  1..511,  1875;  1.684,  1880;  1.896.  1885; 
2,099,  1890;  January,  1892,  2.132.  State  has 
one  mile  of  railway  to  3.69  square  miles. 

MANUFACTURES. -^  A  leading  manu- 
facturing State.  Leads  all  others  in  silk,  pot- 
tery, and  glass;  one-third  the  green  glass  in 
United  States  and  80  per  cent,  of  architectiu-al 
terra  cotta  made  at  New  Jersey  W(  rks.  State 
manufactvu'ed  145,040  tons  pig  iron  in  1889. 
Leads  in  manufacture  of  cast-iron  pipe; 
capital  invested,  $4,543,204,  value  of  products, 
$.5,0.32,571.  Ranks  seventh  in  production  of 
steel.  There  were  55  establishments  engaged 
in  woolen  industry  in  1889,  capital  invested, 
$8,370  697,  value  of  products,  $9  984,640. 

EDUCATION Number  of  pupi's  enrolled 

in  public  schools,  234,072;  compulsory  etluca- 
tion  law;  school  age,  5-18;  43,077  pupils  in 
private  schools.  State  has  5  colleges,  51 
academies,  and  3  Normal  schools, 

LEGAL.  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  May  30,  July  4,  Labor  Day, 
Thanksgiving,  December  25,  and  any  gen- 
eral election. 

CIVIL  WAR During  the  late  war  New 

.Jersey  contributed  70,814  men;  67,.500  white 
troops,  8,129  sailors  and  marines,  1,185  colored 
troops.  Total  munber  of  deaths,  5,754. 
Number  of  pensioners  in  the  State,  13,375. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections,  annual. 
State,  congre5?sional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  fir^t  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators.  21;  Representatives, 
60  ;  sessions,  annual,  meets  second  Tuesday 
in  January;  limit  of  session,  none;  term  of 
Senators,  3  years;  Representatives,  1  year. 
Number  electoral  votes,  10;  number  voters, 
413..530.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  resi- 
dents of  State,  1  year,  of  comity,  5  months; 
registration  required  in  cities  of  10,000,  Pau- 
pers, idiots,  insane,  and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL. —  Statutes  of  limitation:  .Judg- 
ments, 20  years:  notes  and  open  accounts,  6 
years ;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  outside  incor- 
porated cities,  3  years.    Legal  interest  rate,  6. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq,  Mis 

Atlantic,  R-7 365 

Bergen,  C-11 2.35 

Burlington,  0-7. .  860 

Camden,  0-5 220 

Cape  May,  U-O...  255 
Cumberland,  S-4.  505 

Essex,  E-10 127 

Gloucester,  P-4 ..  326 


Pop. 
1890. 

28,836 
47,226 
58,528 
87,687 
11,268 
4.5,438 
256.098 
28.049 


I^and 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis, 
Hudson.  F-11  ....     43 
Hunterdon,  G-6-.  4M 

Mercer,  J-7    225 

Middlesex.  1-9...  .310 
Monmouth,  K-10.  475 

Morris.  E-8 470 

Ocean,  M-10 578 


Pop. 

1890. 

275,126 
.3.5,-335 
79,978 
61.754 
69,128 
54,101 
15,974 


Land 

Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis 

Passaic.  C-10 197 

Salem,  Q-3 340 

Somerset,  H-8  . . .  303 

Sussex,  B-7 -  .525 

Union,  G-10 102 

Warren,  E-5 360  ' 

Total 7,4.55    1,444,933 


Pop. 
1890 

10.5,046 
25,1.51 
28,311 
22.259 
72,467 
36,.553 


34 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


35 


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36 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


PE  ^^NSYLV  ANI  A. 


Pen-sil-va'ne-ah. 
"Keystone  State." 


Penn's— "  Sylva  ''—woods. 


HISTORICAL..— Named  in  honor  of  Ad- 
miral Penn,  father  of  WiUiam  Penn.  First 
settlements  made  by  Swedes.  Tinieum  Island 
s  'ttled  with  a  polony  of  Swedes,  1643 ;  Upland 
(Chester),  founded  1648.  Passed  under  rule  of 
Dutch  of  New  Amsterdam,  1655.  Became 
British  Territory,  1664.  Province  of  Pennsyl- 
vania granted  William  Penn,  1681.  State 
constitutions  adopted  1776,  1790,  and  1873. 
Adopted  and  ratified  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  December  12,  1787.  Second  in 
order  of  the  Thirteen  Original  States  admitted 
into  the  Union. 

AREA.— Total  area,  45,215  sq'iare  miles; 
land  surface,  44  985  square  miles;  water  sur- 
face, 230  square  miles;  greatest  length,  east 
and  west,  303  miles;  greatest  bx-eadth,  north 
and  south,  176  miles.  Principal  rivers:  Dela- 
ware, Susquehanna,  Alleghany,  Monongahela, 
Ohio,  and  Juniata.  Appalachian  System  of 
mountains  and  hills  cover  one-fourth  the  area. 
Alleghany  range  the  highest  elevation,  2,000 
to  2,800  feet. 

CLIMATE.  —Temperature,  Philadelphia: 
Mean  winter,  32°,  lowest,  -5'';  summer,  76° 
liighest,  100°;  average  rainfall,  41.2  inches. 
Erie,  mean  winter,  27°,  lowest, -16°;  summer, 
72°,  highest,  94°;  average  annual  rainfall,  42.1 
inches.  Pi.tsburg,  mean  winter,  30°,  lowest, 
-12";  summer,  74°,  highest,  103°;  average  rain- 
fall, 37.6  inches. 

POPULATION.  —  Pennsylvania  ranked 
second  in  1790  and  1800,  third  in  1810  and  1820, 
second  fro:n  1830  to  1890.  Total  population, 
1790,  434,373;  1800,  602,.S65;  1810,  810,091;  1820, 
1,047.507;  1830,  1,.348.2,33;  1840,  1,724,033;  1850, 
2,311,786;  1860,  2,906,215;  1870,  3,521,951;  1880, 
4,282,891;  1890,5,2.58.014.  Classification:  Male, 
2,666.331;  female,  2,591,6^3;  native,  4,412,294; 
foreign,  845,720;  white,  5,148,257;  colored, 
109,757— Africans,  107,.596;  Chmese,  1,146;  Jap- 
anese, 32;  Indians,  983. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  —  Philadelphia, 
largest  city  in  State,  founded  1682,  one  of  the 
chief  centers  of  foreign,  domestic,  and  coast- 
wise trade,  population,  1,046,964;  Pittsburg  sec- 
ond in  importance  and  population;  Pittsburg 
and  Alleghany  form  chief  seat  of  iron,  steel, 
and  glass  industries  in  the  country,  popula- 
tions, 2:B8,617,  105.287;  Scranton,  a  chief  center 
of  anthracite  coal  trade,  population,  75,215; 
Reading,  seat  of  extensive  iron  and  steel 
manufactures,  population,  58,661 ;  Harrisburg, 
the  capital,  an  important  manufacturing 
town,  population,  39,-385. 

URBAN  POPULATION — Increase  dur- 
ing past  ten  years  large.  Census  of  1880  gave 
56  cities  and  "boroughs  of  4,000  or  more  inhabi- 
tants, aggregate,  1,658,523 ;  census  of  1890 
gives  82  cities  and  boroughs  of  4,(00  or  more 
inhabitants ;  aggregate,  2,368,607.  Largest 
miuierical  increase  found  in  Philadelphia, 
increase,  199,794,  or  23.58  per  cent.;  Pittsburg, 
82,228,  or  .52..58  per  cent. 

AGRICULTURE.  —  Principal  crops  are 
wheat,  corn,  rye,  hay,  and  tobacco.  Products , 
1891;  Corn,  46,1527,000  bushels,  value,  $26,520,- 


462;  wheat,  20,864,000  bushels,  value,  $20,864, 
017;  oats,  33,704,000  bushels,  value,  $12,470,312 
hay,  2,997,068  tons,  value,  $32,967,748;  tobacco 
28,956,247  pounds,  value,  $1,984,754.    Lancaster 
County  leads  all  other  localities  in  the  country; 
produced,  1889, 19,217,800  pounds,  value,  $1,349,- 
090.   State  produces  large  quantities  of  honey, 
maple  sugar,  and  dairy  products. 

HORTICULTURAL,  ETC. -Pennsylva- 
nia has  311  nurseries,  with  6,598  acres,  capital 
invested,  $4,210,805,  value,  $3,134,780.  First 
seed  farm  in  United  States  established,  in 
Philadelphia,  1784.  Number  farms,  18;  acres, 
6,066,  total  value,  farms,  etc.,  $804,832.  State 
has  544  florist  establishments,  Avith  a  total  of 
6,066,144  square  feet  of  glass,  value,  $5,641,513; 
plant  sales,  $1,782,399;   cut  flowers,  $i, 881,590. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Of  the  North  Atlantic 
division,  Pennsylvania  ranks  second  only  to 
New  York  in  number  and  value  of  farm  ani- 
mals. Number  and  value,  1891:  Horses,  621,- 
831,  $51,867,709;  mules,  29,065,  $2,963,207';  milch 
cows,  929,091,  $2.3,459,548;  cattle,  8-35,222, 
$18,514,790;  sheep,  1,091,477,  $4,178,173;  swine, 
1,157,613,  $8,792,072. 

MINERALS.— State  ranks  among  the  first 
in  mineral  wealth.  Coal,  iron,  and  petroleum 
most  valuable.  Coal  discovered  in  Schuylkill 
region,  1790.  Coal  area:  Anthracite,  470 square 
miles;  bituminous,  9.000  square  miles.  Regu- 
lar mines,  887;  lo -al,  2,998.  Output,  1890, 
anthracite,  45,544,970  tons,  value,  $65,721,578, 
practically  produces  ail  anthracite  mined  in 
Unite!  States;  bituminous,  36,174,089  tons, 
value,  $27,953,315.  Ranks  third  in  production 
of  iron  ore,  198  mines;  output,  1,560,234  tons; 
value,  $3,063,534.  State  produces  large  per- 
centage of  total  yield  of  petroleum.  Pennsyl- 
vania Rock  Oil  Company  organized  1858. 
Pennsylvania  and  New  York  fields  yielded 
21,486,000  barrels  in  1889.  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania rich  in  natural  gas.  Latest  reports  give 
amount  of  coal  displaced  by  natural  gas, 
19,282,375  tons.  State  has  been  the  main 
source  of  the  nickel  supply.  BethL  hem  and 
Friedensville  are  the  centers  of  the  zinc  works. 
Serpentine,  marble,  limestone,  sandstone, 
granite,  and  slate  are  extensively  quarried  for 
building. 

QUARRIES.- State  has  numerous  quar- 
ries of  fine  building  stones,  marble,  and  slate. 
Ranks  first  in  limestone  and  slate,  second  in 
sandstone  and  bluestone,  and  eighth  in  gran- 
ite. Number  slate  quarries,  104;  value  of  out- 
put, 1889,  $2,011,776.  Limestone,  373  quarries, 
5,188,013  cubic  feet  building  stone  quari-ied  in 
1889:  4,043,679  barrels  of  lime  manufactured; 
total  value  of  output,  $5,188,013.  Sandstone, 
159  quaxTies,  17,414,875  cubic  feet  qixarried, 
value,  $1,609,159.  Bluestone,  output,  1,100,749 
cubic  feet,valixe,  $377,735.  Granite,  64  quarries, 
output,  5,782,887  cubic  feet,  value,  $623,252. 

MANUFACTURES.— One  of  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  manufacturing  States.  Leads 
all  others  in  iron  and  steel  industries,producing 
vast  quantities  of  machineiy,  castings,  nails, 
and  hax'dware.  One  of  the  first  in  production  of 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


37 


glass,  output  of  Pittsburg  factories,  about 
300,000  square  feet  per  month.  State  produced 
in  1889,  62  per  cent,  of  total  steel  product; 
number  works,  79,  production,  2,7(38,253  tons, 
and  fifty  per  cent,  of  pig  iron;  224  fui'naces, 
production.  4,712,511  tons.  Iron  furnace  estab- 
lished in  Lebanon  Couotj'  as  early  as  1740. 
Manufactures  of  textile  fabrics,  leather,  lum- 
ber, etc.,  important. 

COTTON  AND  WOOLEN  MANU- 
FACTURES.—Among  the  Middle  States 
Pennsylvania  leads  in  cotton  manufactures. 
State  has  1.58  establishments  engaged  in  cotton 
industries;  had  59  in  1880;  number  of  looms, 
13,974;  spindles,  439.6:«.  Total  capital  invested 
.§15,884,930;  number  employes,  12,960—4,991 
men,  6,2.58  women.  1,417  children;  wages  paid, 
$4,687,088.  A^alue  of  materials  used,  S10,450,- 
0.52;  products,  §18  431,773.  State  leads  all 
others  in  woolen  industries;  number  of  estali- 
lishmeuts,  7.53,  capital  invested,  .S6S^997,256 ". 
employes,  55,786— 23, .502  men,  26,802  women, 
5,482  children;  total  wages  paid.  $19,800,446; 
cost  of  materials  used,  $53,929,476;  value  of 
products,  i!89,.5:«,725. 

RAILWAYS.— Earliest  road  operated,  the 
"Switchback.'"  a  coal  road,  opened  1826. 
Philadelphia  &  Columbia  and  Portage  roads, 
118  miles,  opened  1833-:i4.  State  had  754  miles 
in  operation,  1840;  1.240.  1850;  1,800,  18.55; 
2,,598,  1860;  3.728,  1865;  4,6.56,  1870;  5.868,  1875; 
6,191,  1880;  7,746,  1885;  8,700,  1890;  January  1, 
1892,  8,919.  One  mile  to  each  5  .square  miles. 
State  has  5  per  cent,  of  total  mileage  of  the 
United  States. 

EDUCATION.— Common  school  law  en- 
acted 18:34.  School  age,  6  21.  Late.st  reports 
give  value  of  school  property  as  $36,991,000. 
Number  of  pupils  enrolled  in  public  schools, 
965,444;  night  schools,  27,:3<X):  private  schools, 
108.684.  Number  colleges,  29,  seminaries,  15, 
academies,  79;  Normal  schools,  19;  University 

COUN 


of  Pennsylvania  organized  1753,  has  1,712 
students. 

STATE   INSTITUTIONS State  Insane 

asylums:  Harrisburg,  Danville,  Warren,  Dix- 
mont,  and  Norristown.  Reform  school  at 
Morganza;  Industrial  Reformatory.  Hunting- 
don. Institutions  for  deaf  and  dumb,  Phila- 
delphia and  Wilkinsburg:  Institution  for  edu- 
cation of  blind,  Philadelphia. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  Good  Friday,  May  30,  J  uly  4,  first 
Monday  in  September,  Thanksgiving,  Decem- 
ber 25.  and  Saturday  afternoon  from  Jime  15 
to  September  15. 

C I VIL  "W AR.— Pennsylvania  furnished  the 
Federal  armies  337,936  men  :  315,017  white 
troops,  14,-307  sailors  and  marines,  8,612  colored 
troops.  In  addition,  28,171  paid  commutation ; 
aggregate  number  deaths,  3^3,183.  Number 
pensioners  in  State,  1891,  63.0S6. 

POSTAL Total  number  post  offices,  4,728; 

number  presidential  offices,  228—10  tirst  class, 
.50  second  class,  168  third  class;  mmiber  fourth 
class  offices,  4,.500;  money  order,  560;  money 
order  stations,  43. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections,  annual. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  fii-st  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators,  50;  Representatives, 
254;  se.ssions,  biennial  in  odd-niuubered  years, 
m  ets  first  Tuesday  in  January;  limit  of  ses- 
sion, none;  term  of  Senators,  4  years;  Repre- 
sentatives, 2  years.  Number  of  electoral  votes, 
32;  number  voters,  1,461,869.  Voters  nmst  be 
actual  c.tizens,  residents  of  State,  1  j'ear,  of 
precinct,  2  months ;  registration  requiied. 
Non-taxpayers  and  political  bribers  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation  :  Judg- 
ments, 5  years;  open  ;  ecounts  and  notes,  6 
j'ears;  redemption  of  tax  sale*,  2  years,  except 
in  incorporated  cities.  Legal  interest  rate,  6; 
same  by  contract. 

TIES. 


Counties. 

Adams,  N-12... 
Allegheny,  K-3. 
Armstrong,  J -4 

Beaver,  K-1 

Bedford,  N-8.-. 

Berks,  L-16 

Blair,  K-8- 

Bradford,  E-14. 

Bucks,  L-19 

Butler,  1-3 

Cambria,  K-7 .. 
Cameron.  G -S.- 
Carbon, J-17.-. 
Center,  J-10.... 
Chester,  N-17.- 
Clarion,  H  5  . . . 
Clearfield,  L8.- 
Clinton,  H-10--- 
Columbia,  H-14 
CraAvford,  E-2.. 
CumberFd,  M-12 
Dauphin,  L-14.- 
Delaware,  0-18. 

Elk,  G-7 — 

Erie,  D-2 


i?ea       P-P- 
st  Mis.   1«'^- 
535       33,486 


7.50 
615 
463 

1,000 
901 
524 

1,150 
610 
795 
680 
;i82 
412 

1,145 
764 
580 

1,079 
850 
480 

1,010 
56|i 
5'0 
200 
760 
770 


551,959 
46,747 
50,077 
:38,644 

137,327 
70.866 
59,233 
70,615 
.55,339 
66,375 
7,238 
38.624 
43.269 
89,377 
3t).802 
69.565 
28,685 
36.832 
6.5.324 
47,271 
96,977 
74,683 
22,239 
86,074 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis 
Fayette,  0-4...      830 

Forest,  F-5 410 

Franklin,  N-11.  7;50 
Fulton,  N-9....  435 
Greene,  0-2....  640 
limit ingdon.  K-9  890 
Indiana,  K-5...  '830 
Jefferson,  1-6...  640 
Juniata,  L-ll...      410 


Lackawanna, G-17  460 
Lancaster,  N-15  965 
Lawrence.  1-2..  370 
Lebanon,  L-15..  300 
Lehigh,  K-18...  3.50 
Luzerne,  HI 6..  920 
Lycoming,  G-12  1.195 
McKean.  E-7...  1.065 
Mercer  H-2....  660 
Mifflin,  K-1 1.-..  375 
Monroe,  1-18 ...  625 
Montgomery, 

M-18 480 

Montour,  H-13  -  130 
Northampton, 

J-18 


Pop. 
1890. 

80,006 
8,482 
51,433 
10,137 
28,9:35 
35,751 
42,175 
44,005 
16,655 
142,088 
149.095 
:37,517 
48,131 
76  631 
201,203 
70,597 
46,863 
55,744 
19,996 
20,111 

123,290 
15,645 


380       84,220 


Land     p 
Counties.        Area,      iu,j;' 
Sq.Mls.    ^^*^- 
Northumberland, 

1-13 463       74,098 

Perry,  L-12 550       26,276 

Philadelphia, 

N-19 130  1,046,964 

Pike,  G-19 620         9.412 

Potter,  E-9 1.070       22.778 

Schuylkill.  K-16  816  1.54,163 
Snyder,  J-12  ...  325  17.651 
Somerset,  N-6..  1,106  ;37.317 
SuUivan,  G-14..  446  11,620 
Susquehanna, 

E-16.-. 8.50       40,093 

Tioga,  F-12....  1,120       52,313 

Union,  1-12 315       17.820 

Venango.  G-3  . .  6.55  46,640 
"Warren,  E-5  ...  855  37,585 
Washington. 

N-2 .'.         890       71,155 

Wayne,  E-18..-  7:58  31,010 
Westmoreland, 

L-5 1,035     112.819 

Wj'oming,  G-16     396        15,891 

York   N  14 910       99,489 

Total 44,985  5,258,014 


38 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


39 


DELAWARE. 


Del'a-war. 

"Blue  Hen  State." 


Named  in  honor  of  Lord  de  la  War,  Governor  of  Virginia. 


HIS  rORICAL.  —Earliest  attempted  settle- 
ment made  liy  Dutch,  on  Delaware  River, 
lOol.  Fii-st  iWrmanent  settlement  made  by 
Swedes,  near  present  site  of  Wihnington, 
V>:iH.  Swedish  settlements  captured  by  Dutch 
1G.").>;  Dutch  conquered  1)3' English  1004.  State 
constitution  formed  1770;  new  one  adopted 
1792,  amended  l.Sil,  and  still  in  force.  Dela- 
ware adopteil  and  ratified  United  States  Con- 
stitution December  7,  1787;  fii"st  iu  point  of 
time  of  the  Thirteen  Original  States  to  enter 
the  Union. 

ARKA,  ETC — Except  Rhode  Island,  the 
smallest  State  in  the  Union.  Total  area,  2,050 
square  miles;  land  surface,  1,%0;  water,  90; 
extreme  breadth,  30  miles;  extreme  length, 
110;  greatest  altitude,  Dupout,  282  feet. 
Chesapeake  &  Delaware  Canal  alTords  direct 
water  communication  between  Philadelpliia 
and  Baltimore,  completed  1829;  cost,  S'5,.547.- 
501 ;  width.  00  feet;  depth,  9  feet.  Government 
Breakwater,  Delaware  Bay,  begim  1828.  over 
forty  years  building;  cost,  over  §2,000,000. 

CLIMATK.— Peninsula  almost  surrounded 
by  Delaware  and  Chesapeake  bays;  climate 
greatly  moderated  by  their  influence.  Tem- 
perature at  Delaware  Breakwater:  Mean 
winter,  :i3°,  lowest,  1^;  summer,  73",  highest, 
93'*.     Average  annual  rainfall.  :i2.G  inches. 

POPULATION.  —  Delaware  ranked  six- 
teeuth  in  1790,  seventeenth  in  1800,  nineteenth 
in  1810,  twenty-second  in  1820,  twenty-fourth 
in  18:i0,  twenty-sixtli  in  1K40.  thirtieth  in  18."i0, 
thirty-second  in  ISOO.  thirty-firth  in  1S70.  thirty- 
eighth  iu  1880,  and  foitv-secDud  in  18<tO.  Total 
population,  )75HJ,  .59,0%;  180(.K  04,273;  1810, 
72.071;  1820,  72.749;  18:W,  70.748;  1810,  78.tJ85; 
18.50,  9],5:i2;  18W,  112,210;  1870,  12.5.(115;  1880, 
14(i,t)08;  185K),  108.493.  ("lassifi.'ation:  JIale, 
85,573;  female,  82.920;  native,  1.55,;»2;  foreign. 
13,101 ;  white,  140.000;  colored,  28,427— Africans, 
28,:i80;  Chinese,  37:  Indians,  4. 

PKINCII»AL,  CITIKS. -Wilmington,  the 
metropolis,  an  important  mamifacturingtown, 
has  ship  jards,  rolling  mills,  machine  shops, 
and  textile  factories;  population,  01,431 ;  m- 
crease  during  decade,  I8,9.5;i,  or  44.02  per  cent. 
Newark  and  New  CastU?  have  iron  works, 
textile  factories,  and  paper  mills.  Dover,  the 
capital,  settled  KW7,  population,  3,0<')1. 

AGKICULTUKAL,  ETC.— Soil  and  cli- 
mate especially  adapted  for  agricultural  pur- 
suits. Production  of  peaches,  small  fruits, 
ami  vegetables  for  Northern  markets  the 
leading  industry.  State  produces  good  crops 
of  cereals.  Com  crop,  1891,  5,105,000  bushels, 
value,  S-.807.9:i8;  wheat,  1,2.50,000  bushels, 
value,    $1,249,715;     tobacco,    29,880    pounds; 


Delaware  ranked  second  in  average  yield  per 
acre.  Farm  animals.  205,372,  value,  $4.5:37,182. 
State  has  ;i5  nurseries;  aggregate  number 
acres,  72.5,  value,  $111,805;  one -fifth  of  acreage 
under  j^eaches. 

MINERALS  are  unimportant;  consist 
of  iron  ore.  pottery  clay,  glass-sand,  and 
granite.  State  has  5  granite  quarries;  outpiit, 
1889,  1,:38G,4;31  cubic  feet,  value,  $211,194;  in- 
crease during  decade  enonnous,  being  1,.57G.14 
per  cent. 

MAN  DFACTURES.-Chiefly  located  at  or 
near  Wilmington.  Interests  are  large  in  pro- 
portion to  size  of  State.  Wilmington  products 
alone  average  $20.000,(.K)0  annually.  Principal 
industries .  Ship  buikling,  manufactures  of 
iron  and  steel,  leather,  cai-s.  flour,  and  cotton 
goods.  State  has  niunerous  canneries  for  fruit, 
vegetables,  and  meats. 

RAILWAYS".— State  had  16  miles  of  rail- 
way in  18;i5;  39,1840;  .50.  1^55;  127,  1800;  K^, 
1805;  197,  1870;  272,  1875;  27.5,  1880;  ;W3,  1885; 
314,  1890;  January  1,  1892,  had  320  miles,  or  1 
mile  to  each  0.4  square  miles 

EDUCATION.  — State  school  fund  dates 
back  to  1790.  Annual  income.  $240,001.  School 
age,  0-21.  Board  of  Eihication  organized  1875. 
Nmnl)er  pupils  enrolled  in  public  schools, 
31 .4;i4 ;  number  in  private  schools,  2,8;is.  Dela- 
ware College,  Newark,  organized  1870.  State 
has  3  ac-ademies. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS January  1.  Febru- 
ary 22,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  and  December 
25.  Notes  due  on  any  holiday  nuist  be  paid 
the  precetliug  daj-.  Any  holiday  falling  on 
Sunilay,  the  ' 

CIVIL  AV 
of  12.28-1  nu- 

and  marines,  and  9.54  colored  troops;  total 
number  deaths,  882;  number  pensiouei-s  in 
State.  1891.  1,7(>4. 

POLITICAL. —State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  fii-st 
Monday  in  November,  Numl)er  of  Senatoi"s, 
9;  Reprei^entatives,  21;  sessions,  biennial  in 
odd-numbered  yeai-s,  meets  Tuesday  after  first 
Monday  in  January;  limit  of  session,  none; 
term  of  Senatoi"s,  4yeai-s:  Representatives,  2 
years.  Number  of  electoral  votes,  3;  number 
votei-s,  47.5.59.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens 
and  county  taxpayers,  residents  of  State  1 
year,  of  county  1  month,  precinct  15  daj's; 
registration  requii-ed.  Idiots,  insane,  paupers, 
and  criminals  excluded. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limita,tion:  Judg- 
ments, 20  years;  open  accounts,  3 years;  notes, 
0  years;  no  redemption  of  tax  sales.  Legal 
interest  rate,  0 ;  by  contract,  C. 


iug  daj'.     Any  holiday  falling  on  , 
r'  following  day  is  observed.  f 

VAR.— Delaware  furnished  a  total 
en;   11.2:30  white  troops.  91  sailors  • 


COUNTIES. 


Counties. 


Kent,  M-7 

New  Castle,  E-6 


Laud 
Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

.    030 

.    4;J0 


Pop. 
1890. 

32,6&4 
97,182 


Counties. 


ir^ea"^         ^^P- 

Sussex,  S-9 900  38,047 

Total 1,900         108,493 


40 


RAKt),  McNALLY  &  CO  'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


41 


MARYLAND. 


Ma'i-e-land. 
"Old  Line." 


Named  in  honor  of  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  I.  of  England. 


HISTORICAL,.- Charter  issued  June  20, 
163:i,  remained  in  force  until  1770.  First  per- 
manent settlement  made  at  St.  Mary"s,  16:J4; 
Annapolis  founded  1649;  Baltimore  laid  out 
1730.  Adopted  the  Federal  Consi  itution  April 
28, 1788.  Seventh  of  the  orig:inal  thirteen  States 
admitted.  State  constitution  adopted  in  177G, 
1851,  1864;  present  one  in  1867. 

AREA,  ETC.— 12,210  square  miles:  land 
surface,  9,860  square  miles:  water  surface, 
2,350  square  miles;  extreme  length,  east  and 
vve.st,  196  miles:  breadth  varies  from  9  to  120 
miles.  Chesapeake  Bay  divides  the  State  in 
two  parts— Eastern  and  Western  Shore.  In 
proportion  to  area  exceeds  all  other  States  in 
extent  of  navigable  water.  Greatest  altitude. 
Great  Backbone  Slountain,  3.400  feet. 

CLI3I ATE. —Temperature  at  Baltimore: 
Winter  mean,  34°,  lowest, — 6°;  summer,  78°, 
highest,  102°.    Average  rainfall,  44.2  inches. 

POPULATION. —  Marvland  ranked  sixth 
in  1790,  seventh  in  1800,  eighth  in  1810,  tenth  in 
1820,  eleventh  in  18^30,  fifteenth  in  1840.  seven- 
teenth in  1850,  nineteenth  in  1800,  twentieth  in 
1870,  twenty-third  in  1880,  and  twenty -seventh 
in  1890.  Total  population.  1790,  319,728:  18<X1, 
341,548;  1810,  ;380,.>46:  1820,  407',:i50;  18;30,  447,W0; 
1^0,  470,019;  ia50,  .583  0:^4;  1S60.  687.049:  1870, 
780,894;  1880,  9.34,94:5:  1890,  1,042  .3W.  Classifi- 
cation: Male,  515,591;  female.  .526,699;  native, 
948.094;  foreign,  94,296:  white,  826.493;  colored, 
215,897— Africans,  215,657;  Chinese,  189;  Jap- 
anese, 7;  Indians,  44. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  -  Baltimore,  me- 
tropolis, one  of  the  leading  places  of  eximit 
in  the  United  States,  population.  4:^4,4:39;  Cum- 
berland, second  in  size,  seat  of  bituminous  coal 
trade,  population,  12,729;  Annapolis,  the  capi- 
tal, chartered  as  a  city  1708,  population,  7,604. 

AGRICULTURAL — State  produces  good 
croi>s  corn,  wheat,  hay.  and  tobacco,  peaches, 
small  fruits,  and  vegetables.  Latest  reports 
give:  Corn,  18,881,000  Inishels,  value.  S10,<XM),- 
844;  wheat,  8,107,000  bushels,  $8,107,000;  hay, 
376,239  tons,  $4,800,810;  tobacco,  12,.35()  8:^8 
pounds,  value,  $579,689.  Number  of  farm 
animals  1K91,  928,177.  value.  S21.161,:389. 

MINER.\LS.  —  Coal  has  been  mined  for 
more  than  .50  years.  Area*  5.50  square  miles; 
output,  1889,  2,9;i9,715  tons,  value,  .S2,.517,4r4. 
One  of  the  impor'^ant  slate-producing  States; 
number  quarries,  5,  value  of  output,  $110,008; 

COUN 


23  granite  quarries,  3,371,032  cubic  feet  quar- 
ried 1889;  30  hmestone  quarries,  value  of  out- 
put, $164,860.     Ranks  thirtieth  in  sandstone. 

INDUSTRIAL.  —  Manufactures  located 
chiefly  in  or  near  Baltimore.  Most  important : 
Clothing,  flour,  fertilizers,  and  iron  and  steel. 
Ranks  thirteenth  in  production  of  pig  iron 
and  fourteenth  in  steel;  96.246  tons  pig  iron 
produced  in  1889.  Many  large  establishments 
engaged  in  canning  and  preserving  fruits, 
ACgetables,  meats,  and  oysters.  State  siu*- 
passes  all  others  in  value  of  oj'ster  fisheries. 

RAILWAYS — Baltimore  &  Ohio  road  be- 
gun 1828.  State  had  15  miles  railway  1830: 
117,  ia35;  21:3,  1840  -  including  D.  C:  1^50,  2.59; 
1860,386;  1865,446;  1870,671;  1880.1,040;  18a5, 
1.1.59;  1890,  1,290;  January  1,  1892,  1,269.  One 
mile  to  each  9.42  square  miles. 

SCHOOLS.  —  Nmnber  pupils  in  public 
.schools,  184,251.  School  age,  4-21.  Expendi- 
tures, $1  910.663.  Number  pupils  in  private 
schools,  21,09«).  State  and  Howard  (colored) 
Normal  schools  at  Baltimore.  Marjdand  Agri- 
cultural College,  Prince  George  County; 
United  States  Naval  Academy.  Annapolis,  or- 
ganized 1845.     Number  colleges,  11. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS January  1.   Good 

Friday,  February  22.  July  4,  Thanksgiving. 
December  25,  and  general  or  congressional 
election.  Notes  maturing  on  any  holiday  are 
pavable  on  the  preceding  day. 

CIVIL  "WAR — Maryland  furnished  46,638 
men  during  the  war;  3:3.995  white  troops.  3.925 
sailors  and  marines,  8,718  colored  troops. 
Number  deaths,  2,982.  State  has  7,867  pension- 
ers on  the  rolls. 

POLITICAL. —  State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections.  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  November.  Number  of  Senators.  2<!; 
Representatives,  91;  ses.sions,  biennial  in 
even-immbered  years,  meets  first  Wednesday 
in  January:  limit  of  session,  90  days;  term  of 
Senators,  4  years;  Representatives,  2  years. 
Number  electoi'al  votes,  8;  number  voteri^,  270,- 
7;38.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  residents 
of  State  1  year,  of  county  6  months,  of  precinct 
1  day;  registration  required.  Lunatics,  and 
convicts  unless  pardoned,  excluded. 

LEG  *L.  —  Statutes  of  hmitation:  Judg- 
ments, 12  years:  notes  and  oi^en  accounts,  3 
years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  1  year;  legal 
interest  rate,  6. 

TIES. 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Allegany,  1-5 477 

Anne  Arundel, 

G-11 400 

Baltimore,  D-11  .  622 
Baltimore  City, 

>E-12-...  28 

Calvert,  K-11  ....  218 

Caroline,  1-16 315 

Carroll,  C-9    ....  426 
Cecil,  C-15 375 


Pop. 

1890. 

41,571 

.34,094 
72,909 

434,4:39 

9.860 

1:3,903 

32,376 

25,851 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Charles,  L-9 460 

Dorchester,  L-15,  610 
Frederick,  C-7- . .  6:33 

Garrett.  J-2 680 

Harford,  C-12 422 

Howard,  E-9 250 

Kent,  E-14 315 

Montgomery  F-7  508 
Prince  George, 
1-9 480 


Pop. 

189<J. 

1.5.191 
24,843 
49,512 
14,213 
28,993 
16,269 
17471 
27,185 

26,080 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis, 
Queen  Anne,  G- 15  3.52 
Saint  Mar3%  N-ll.  .860 
Somerset,  0-16..  365 

Talbot,  1-14 285 

Washington,   B-4  435 
Wicomico,  M-17  .  369 
Worcester,  N-18.  475 
Total 9,860  1, 


Pop. 

1890. 

18,461 
15,819 
24,155 
19,736 
39,782 
19,9:30 
19,747 
042,  .390 


42 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Named  in  honor  of  Christopher  Columbus. 


HISTORICAL. — Seat  of  National  Govern- 
ment; formed  1789.  "Washington,  the  capital 
of  United  States,  laid  out  1791.  Congress  first 
met  in  city  November  17,  1800.  Since  1871 
local  divisions  exist  only  in  name,  entire  dis- 
trict under  one  government.  Original  area 
100  square  miles,  a  portion  receded  to  Virginia 
1846;  present  area,  including  water  surface,  70 
square  miles. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Washington: 
Mean  winter,  33°,  lowest, — 14°;  summer,  77°, 
highest,  104°;  annual  rainfall,  44.8  inches. 

POPULATION. —  District  of  Columbia 
ranked  nineteenth  in  1800,  twenty -second  in 
1810,  twenty-fifth  in  1820  and  1830,  twenty- 
eighth  in  1840,  thirty-third  in  1850.  thirty-fifth 
ia  1860,  thirty-fourth  in  1870,  thirty-sixth  in 
1880,  and  thirtv-ninth  in  1890.  Total  popula- 
tion, 1800,  14,093:  1810,  24,023;  1820,  :i3,039;  1830, 
39.»J4;  1840,  4:3,712;  ia50,  51,687;  1860,  75,080; 
1870,  131.700;  1880,  177,624;  1890,  230,392.    Class- 


ification: Male,  109,584;  female,  120,808;  na- 
tive, 211,622;  foreign,  18,772;  white,  154,695; 
colored,  75,697— Africans,  75,572;  Chinese,  91; 
Japanese,  9;  Indians,  25. 

EDUCATION.-District  has  good  system 
of  public  schools;  number  pupils  enrolled, 
36,906;  3  Normal  schools  at  Washington; 
school  age,  6-17.  Pupils  in  private  schools, 
7,911.  Number  colleges,  5:  academies,  14. 
Georgetown  University,  organized  1789,  has 
627  students;  Columbian  University,  organ- 
ized 1821,  has  800  students. 

CIVIL  WAR.  —  Total  number  men  fur- 
nished, 16.534;  11.912  white  troops,  1,453  sailors 
and  marines,  3,269  colored  troops;  aggregate 
number  deaths,  290.  District  has  6,132 
pensioners. 

L.E G A L..  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 12  years;  open  accounts  and  notes,  3 
years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years. 
Legal  interest  rate,  6;  by  contract,  10. 


VIRGINIA. 


Vir-jin'e-a. 

"Old  Dominion." 


Named  in  honor  of  Queen  Elizabeth  of  England,  "  Virgin  Queen. 


HISTORICAL Oldest  successful  English 

colony.  First  settlement  made,  by  105  colo- 
nists, at  Jamestown,  1607.  Slavery  introduced 
1619.  Became  a  Crown  colony  1625.  James- 
town first  seat  of  government;  first  legislative 
body  of  Aiherica  met  there.  Williamsburg 
became  capital  of  colony  1700.  Richmond 
founded  1733,  made  capital  1779.  State  con- 
stitution adopted  June  29,  1776;  Federal  Con- 
stitution adopted  June  26,  1778.  Virginia  the 
tenth  of  the  Thirteen  Original  States  to  enter 
the  Union.  Constitution  of  1776  remained  in 
force  until  1830.  New  constitution  adopted  1869. 

AREA,  ETC.— 42,450  square  miles;  land 
surface,  40,125  square  miles;  water,  2,325. 
Greatest  length,  from  east  to  west,  476  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  from  north  to  south,  192 
miles.  Borders  the  Atlantic  Ocean  for  110 
miles.  Length  of  tidal  frontage,  from  1,.500 
to  2,000  miles.  State  is  famed  for  its  mount- 
ain resorts,  and  the  large  number  of  medici 
nal  springs  of  high  repute. 

CLIMATE — Temperature  at  Lynchburg: 
Mean  winter.  36°,  extreme,  — 5° ;  summer,  78°, 
extreme,  102°.  Norfolk,  winter,  40°,  extreme- 
0°;  summer,  79°,  extreme,  102°.  Average 
annual  rainfall,  Lynchburg,  44.5  inches;  Nor 
folk,  .52.4  inches. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  -  Richmond,  the 
capital  and  metropolis,  one  of  the  chief  com- 
luei'cial  and  manufacturing  centers  of  the 
South,  population,  81.388.  Norfolk,  second 
city  in  size,  center  of  foreign  commerce,  port 
of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth  most  important 
naval  station  in  Union;  population,  ;J4,871. 
Petersburg,  an  important  center  for  manu 
facture  and  exjiort  of  tobacco;  annual  expoi-ts 
of Omanufactured  tobacco  nearly  5,000,000 
pounds;  population,  22,680.  Lynchburg,  large 
ly  interested  in  the  tobacco  trade,  largest 
market  for  unmanufactured  tobacco,  average 
annual    sales   20,060,000   pounds;    population. 


19,709.  Roanoke,  an  important  manufact- 
uring city,  population,  1880,  669;  1890,  16,159; 
increase  during  decade,  2315.40  per  cent. 

POPULATION. -Virginia  ranked  first  in 
1790,  1800,  and  1810,  second  in  1820,  third  in 
1830,  fourth  in  1840  and  1850,  fif  ih  in  1860,  tenth 
in  1870,  fourteenth  in  1880,  and  fifteenth  -hi 

1890.  Total  population  1790,  747,610;  1800, 
880,200;  1810,  974  600;  1820,  1,065,116;  1830, 1,211,- 
405;  1840,1,239,797;  1850,  1,421,661;  1860,  1,596.- 
318;  1870,  1.22.5,163;  1880,  1,512,562;  1890,  1,655,- 
980.  Classification:  Male,  824,278;  female, 
831,702;  native,  1,637.606;  foreign.  18,374;  white, 
1,020,122;  colored,  6;55,858-Africans,  635,438; 
Chinese,  .55;  Japanese,  16;  Indians,  349. 

AGRICULTURE. -Agriculture  the  chief 
industry— over  .50  per  cent,  of  laboring  popu 
lation  engaged  in  it.  Total  value  of  farm  prod- 
ucts 1890,  $.56,922,000.  Corn  crop:  :i6,922,000 
bushels,  value,  $20,307,335;  wheat,  5,614,000 
bushels,  value,  S5, 71 1,657;  oats,  6,587,000 
bushels.  State  ranks  second  in  production  of 
tobacco,  amount  grown  1890,  72,875,600  pounds, 
value,  $5,830,000.  Ranks  first  in  peanuts,  latest 
reports  give  a  production  of  2,644,000  bushels, 
value,  $2 .578,120.  Fruits  and  vegetables 
largely  produced.     Number  of  farm  animals 

1891,  2,420,119,  value,  $40,162,344. 
MINERALS.— Surpassed  by  few  States  in 

varied  and  abundant  mineral  wealth.  Coal 
and  iron  principal  minerals  mined.  First 
reported  discovery  of  coal  1701;  amount 
mined  1889,  865,786  tons,  value,  $804,475. 
Virginia  ranks  seventh  in  iron  production; 
ranks  first  in  production  of  manganese  ores, 
output  1889,  14.616  tons,  value.  $1.56,2.57;  mined 
68,600  tons  of  pyrites,  value,  ,$110,(KtO;  and 
10,702  tons  of   l)arytes,   value,   $.57,298. 

15UILDING  STONES,  ETC. -Gray  gran- 
ite of  Vii'ginia  long  noted  for  its  beauty  and 
excellence.  State  has  13  quarries;  output, 
1889,     1,703,206    cubic    feet,    value,     $266,095. 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS= 


43 


Limestone,  sandstone,  and  greenstone  are 
abundant  and  extensively  worlved.  Marbles 
are  abundant.  Excellent  roofing  slates  are 
quarried.  State  ranks  sixth  in  value  of  prod- 
ucts; number  quarries,  3;  output  of  roofing 
slate,  23,45('  squares,  value,  g85,079.  State 
ranks  second  iu  production  of  soapstone, 
amount,  1,260  tons,  value,  |;4-..',250. 

MANUFACTUKES.  —  Manufacturing  in- 
dustries steadil}^  increasing.  Latest  reports 
give  value  of  products  S^S, 000.000;  gain  in  five 
years,  44  per  cent.  Tobacco,  iron,  fiour,  coke, 
leather,  lumber,  and  cotton  among  the  more 
important.  State  ranked  seventeenth  iu  1880 
and  sixth  in  1890  in  production  of  pig  iron; 
product  1890,  302  447  tons,  increase  during 
decade  950  per  cent.  Over  80,000  tons  of  coke 
produced,  value.  S81.300. 

RAILWAYS.— First>-Petersburg  to  Wel- 
don,  N.  C— chai'tered  1830.  Number  miles  in 
operation  1835,  93;  1840,  147;  1850,  ;i84;  1^55, 
912;  1860,  1.379;  18^0,  1  480;  1880,  1.893;  1885, 
2.G92;  1890,  3,307;  1891,  3,550.  One  mile  of  road 
to  each  11.94  .square  miles.  Second  of  the 
Southern  States  in  railway  mileage. 

KDUCATION.  —  Public  school  system 
founded  1870.  Number  pupils  enrolled  in 
schools  1890,  :i42,2G9— 220.000  white,  122.000 
colored;  gain  during  decade,  55  per  cent.;  an- 

COUN 


nual  expenditures  about  Slv500,000.  School 
age.  5-21.  State  Normal  school,  Hampton. 
Number  pupils  in  private  schools,  14.836. 
Number  colleges,  8.  Washington  and  Lee 
Univei-sity,  Lexington,  chartered  1782.  227 
students.  William  and  Mary,  Williamsburg, 
founded  1092,  now  a  Normal  school. 

LEGAL  HOLiDAYS. -January  1.  Janu- 
ary 19,  Febmary  22,  July  4,  Thanksgiving, 
December  25,  fast  or  prayer  days  whenever 
appointed. 

POLITICAL. —  State  elections,  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  fiist  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators,  40;  Representatives, 
100;  sessions,  biennial  iu  odd-numbered  years, 
meets  first  Wednesday  iu. December;  limit  of 
session,  90  days  unless  extended  bv  special 
vote;  term  of  Senators,  4  years;  Rejpresenta- 
tives,  2  years.  Number  of  electoral  votes.  12; 
number  voters,  378,782.  Voters  must  be  actual 
citizens,  residents  of  State  1  year,  of  town  3 
months;  registration  required.  Lunatics, 
idiots,  convicts,  duelists,  and  abettors,  unless 
pardoned  by  Legislature,  excluded. 

LEGAL.  -  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments. 10  years;  open  accounts,  2  years; 
notes,  5  j-ears;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  2 
yeai-s.     Legal  interest  rate,  6. 

TIES. 


Land 
Counties.  Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Accomack,  J-19.-.  500 
Albemarle,  H-10..  075 
Alexandria,  E-15..  32 
Alleghany,  J -5....  510 

Amelia,  L  12 380 

Amherst,  J-8 490 

Appomattox,  L-9.  317 

Augusta,  n-8 950 

Bath,  HO 735 

Bedford,  L-7 675 

Bland,  Ml 320 

Botetourt,  LO 548 

Brunswick,  0-12..  GOO 

Buchanan,  B-5 4.50 

Buckingham.  K-10  628 

Campbell,  M-8 465 

Caroline,  1-14 515 

Carroll,  0-2 450 

Charles  City,  L-15.  200 
Charlotte,  N  9....  500 
Chesterfield,  L-13.  465 

Clarke,  D  12 255 

Craig,  K-4 381 

Culpeper,  G-12  ...  322 
Cumberland,  K-11  290 
Dickenson,  C  5  ...  375 
Dinwiddle.  M  13..  529 
Elizabeth  City,M-17  50 

Essex,  M5 235 

Fairfax,  E-14 420 

Fauquier,  F  12 680 

Floyd,  N-4 444 

Fluvanna,  1 11 280 

Franklin.  N-5..;..  750 
Frederick,  Cll...  380 

(iiles,  L-2 446 

Gloucester,  L  16  ..  245 
Goochland,  J  12  ..  280 


Pop. 

1890. 


32,379 
18,597 

9,28;J 

9,068 
17,551 

9,589 
37,005 

4,587 
31,213 

5,129 
14,8.54 
17,245 

5,867 
14,:i83 
41.087 
16,681 
15,497 

5,060 
15,077 
26,211 

8.071 

3,835 
13,233 

9,482 

5,077 
30,195 
16,168 
10,047 
16,655 
22,590 
14,405 

9,. 508 
24,9a5 
17,880 

9,090 
11,653 

9,958 


Counties.        Area,  ty.s\ 
Sq.Mls,     ■'^■'^• 

Grayson,  O-l 485  14,394 

Greene,  H-10 200  .5,622 

Greensville,  O  13.     325  8,2:J0 

HaUfax.  0-8 -820  ;«,424 

Hanover,  J  13 4.50  17,402. 

Henrico,  K-14 2.55  103,394 

Henry,  0-5 410  18.208 

Highland,  G-6  ....  ;i89  .5,:i52 

Isle  of  Wight,  N  16  300  11,313 

James  City,  L  16..  140  5,043 
King  and  (^ueen, 

J-15   400  9,669 

King  George,  H14  190  6,M1 

King  William.  J  14  270  9,605 

Lancaster,  J  17...  160  7,191 

Lee,  E-2... 429  18,216 

Loudoun,  D  13....  .520  23.274 

Louisa.  112 470  16,997 

Lunenburgh,N  11.  429  11,372 

Madison,  Gil 290  10,226 

Matthews,  L- 17...  100  7,584 
Meeklenburgh, 

O-IO 0.58  25,359 

Middlese-x,  K  16...  135  7,458 

Montgomery,  US    422  17,742 

Nansemond,  0-16.  400  19,692 

Nelson,  J-9 375  1.5,.3;i6 

New  Kent,  K  15. ..  210  .5,511 

Norfolk,  0-17 470  77,038 

Northampton,L  19  290  10,313 
Northumberland, 

M7 180  7,885 

Nottoway,  M  12...  281  11,582 

Orange,  H  11 360  12,814 

Page,  F-10 288  13,092 

Patrick,  0  4 .521  14,147 

Petersburg  City, 

M  14 22,680 


Land  , , 

Counties.        Area,  '?1| 

Sq.Mls.   ^^■'"■ 

Pittsylvania,  N-7.-  914  .59.941 

Powhatan,  K  12  ..  2.55  6,791 

Prince  Etlward, 

M-10  - a48  14,G94 

Prince  George, 

M-14 208  7,872 

Princess  Anne, 

0-18 270  9,.510 

Prince  William, 

F13 357  9,805 

Pulaski,  M-2 ;i45  12,790 

Rappahannock, 

Fll. 270  8,678 

Richmond.  110  .. .  210  7,146 

Roanoke,  L-5 321  :iO,101 

Rock  bridge,  J-7 . . .  7 .50  2.3,062 

Rockingham,  G  9.  88:3  31,299 

Russell,  D-5 4.53  16,126 

Scott,  E-3 528  21,694 

Shenandoah,  E  10.  495  19  671 

Smyth,  D  7 4.50  13,.360 

Southampton,0  15  567  20,078 
Spottsylvania, 

H-13 400  14,2a3 

Stafford,  G  13 245  7,302 

Surry,  M  15 298  8,256 

Sussex,  N  14 420  11,100 

Tazewell,  C-7 .536  1 9.899 

Wan-en.  E-11 2:34  8,280 

Warwick,  M  17  ...  165  6,650 

Washington,  E-6.-  022  29,020 
Westmoreland, 

H-10 170  8.399 

Wise,  C-4 ;585  9,  ;J45 

Wythe,  N  1 490  18,019 

York,  M16 75  7..596 

Total 40,125  1 ,0.55,980 


44 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


47 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 


Vir-jin'e-a. 

''Little  Mountain." 


HISTORIC  VL — Formed  from  northwest- 
ern portion  of  Virginia.  Representatives  from 
forty  comities,  met  in  convention  at  Wheeling, 
June  11,  1861,  rejected  the  ordinance  of  se- 
cession and  oi-ganized  a  State  Government. 
State  constitution  adopted  May  3,  1863.  State 
admitted  into  the  Union  June  20,  1863. 

AREA,  ETC.— 24,780  square  miles;  land 
surface,  24,645;  water,  135;  extreme  length, 
nearly  240  miles;  breadth,  160  miles;  greatest 
altitude.  Spruce  Mountain,  4,860  feet.  Ohio, 
Big  Sandy,  Kanawha,  Guyandotte,  and  Monon- 
gahela  are  navigable  rivers.  State  famed  for 
beauty  and  grandeur  of  its  mountain  scenery 
and  valuable  mineral  springs. 

CLI3I  ATE.— Temperature  at  Morgantown: 
Mean  winter,  35°,  extreme,  — 10°;  summer,  74°, 
extreme.  07°;  average  rainfall,  46.9  inches. 

POPULATION.  —  West  Virginia  ranked 
twenty-seventh  in  1870,  twenty-ninth  in  1880, 
twenty-eighth  in  1890.  Total  population,  1870, 
442,014;  1880,  618,457;  1890,  762,794.  Classifi- 
cation: Male,  390,285;  female,  372,509;  native, 
743,911;  foreign,  18,a83;  white,  7:30  077;  colored, 
;32, 717— Africans,  32,690;  Chinese,  15;  Japanese, 
3;  Indians,  9. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES Wlieeling,  "Nail 

City,''  metropolis  of  State,  noted  for  extensive 
manufactures  of  iron  and  steel,  glass,  and 
pottery,  population,  ;i4,522;  Huntington, 
second  in  size,  population,  10,108;  Parivers- 
burg,  cenfer  of  yjetroleum  industry,  population, 
8,408.    Charleston,  capital,  population,  6,742. 

AGRICULTURAL,  ETC.-Chief  products, 
wheat,  corn,  hay,  tobacco,  and  oats.  Cereal 
products,  1891 :  Corn,  18,888,000  bushels,  value. 
$9,822,000;  wheat,  3.423.000  bushels,  value, 
S3,285,733;  oats,  2,3a5,000  bushels.  Tobacco 
product,  2,602,021  pounds.  Live  stock  interests 
are  extensive;  number  farm  animals,  1891, 
1,648,950,  value,  S"'3.846,908. 

3IINERALS. —  Coal  the  most  important. 
Area.  16,000  square  miles;  115  regular  mines, 
996  local;  output,  1889,  6.231,880  tons,  value, 
$5,080,584.    Ii'on  ores  abundant,  but  not  exten- 


sively mined.  Salt  springs  exist  in  Kanawha 
and  Ohio  valleys,  yearly  product  about  250,000 
bushels. 

IVIANUFACTURES Leading  industries: 

Iron  and  steel,  tobacco,  glass,  pottery,  coke, 
flour,  and  leather.  State  ranks  fourth  in  the 
South  in  pig  iron,  production,  1890,  108,764; 
ranks  fom'th  in  United  States  in  steel,  pro- 
duced 18^3,225  tons  in  1890,  industry  begun 
since  1880.    Coke,  240,386  tons,  value,  $405,635. 

RAILAVAYS — State  has  one  mile  of  rail- 
way to  each  15.32  square  miles.  There  were 
97  miles  of  road  in  operation  in  1850;  241,  1855; 
;352,  1860:  387,  1870;  576,  1875;  691,  1880;  1,0:38, 
188.5:  1..547.  1891. 

EDUCATION.  —  School  system  adopted 
1863.  Permanent  school  fund,  $651,000. 
Number  pupils  in  public  schools,  193,293. 
School  age,  6-21.  State  Normal  schools,  Fair- 
mont, Glenville,  Huntington,  West  Liberty. 
Number  pupils  in  private  schools,  4,607. 
Number  colleges,  7.  University  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, Morgautown,  organized  1867. 

POLITICAL. —  State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  first 
Monday  in  November.  Number  Senators.  26; 
Representatives,  65;  sessions,  biennial  in  odd- 
numbered  years,  meets  second  AVednesday  in 
January;  limit  of  session.  45  daj's;  term  of 
Senators,  4  years;  Representatives.  2  years. 
Number  electoral  votes,  6;  number  voters, 
181,400.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  resi- 
dents of  State,  1  year,  county,  60  days;  regis- 
tration prohibited.  Lunatics,  paupers,  and 
convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  Julv  4.  Thanksgiving,  and  December  25. 

CIVIL '"WAR — West  Virginia  furnished 
32,068  men— 31,872  white  troops  and  196 
colored:  number  deaths,  4,017.  State  has 
9,787  i>ensioners. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  years;  open  accounts  5;  notes,  10; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  1  year.  Legal  interest 
rate,  6. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  .  o-iV 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^^■ 

Barbour,  E-11  ....  395  12,'702 

Berkeley,  C-19...-  320  18,702 

Boone,  K-4 515  6,885 

Braxton,  H-8 565  1:3,928 

Brooke,  M-15 &i  6,660 

Cabell,  1-2 :300  2:3,595 

Calhoun,  G-6 260  8,155 

Clay.  1-7 325  4,659 

Doddridge,  D-8.--  475  12,183 

Fayette,  L-6 750  20, 542 

Gilmer,  G-7 :3;30  9,746 

Grant,  E-14 4'X)  6  802 

Greenbrier,  L-9. .  1 ,0.50  18,0:34 

Hampshire,  D-16.  .5.50  11,419 

Hancock.  L-15....     92  6,414 

Hardy.  F-16 400  7,567 

Harrison,  E-10.--  464  21,919 

Jackson,  G-4 470  19,021 

Jeflferson,  D-20...  280  15,553 


Land 

Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

...  825 
...  400 


Counties. 

Kanawha,  1-5 
Lewis.  F-9.... 
Lincoln.  J-3 460 

675 
680 
;314 
!^8 
440 
420 
370 
:325 
460 


Logan,  L-3- 

McDowell,  0-4  .. 
Marion.  C-10  ... 
Marshall,  P-15... 
Mason,  H-3.   . .  . 

Mercer,  0-6 

3Iineral,  D-15 
Monongalia,  B-11 

Monroe,  N-9 

Morgan,  C-18 2:30 

Nicholas,  J-8 720 

Ohio,  N-15 120 

Pendleton,  H-14..  650 
Pleasants,  D-6.--.  150 
Pocahontas,  J-11.  765 


Pop. 

1890. 

42.756 

15,895 

11,1^6 

11,101 

7.:300 

20,721 

20,7.35 

22,863 

16,002 

12,085 

15.705 

12,429 

6,744 

9,:309 

41, .5.57 

8.711 

7.  .5:39 

6,814 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  ^  ^fS' 
Sq.  Mis.    ^"'^■ 

Preston,  C-12 709  20,:3.55 

Putnam,  1-4 ;3.50  14,:342 

Raleigh,  M-5 570  9,597 

Randolph.  H-12  -1.175  11,6:3:3 

Ritchie,  E-7 512  16,621 

Roane.  G-5 .  470  15,:303 

Summers,  N-8..--  400  1:3,117 

Taylor,  Ell 177  12,147 

Tucker.  F-13 500  6,4.59 

Tyler,  C-7 ;3:30  1 1 ,902 

Upshur,  G-10 350  12.714 

Wayne.  K-1 445  18,652 

Webster.  1-9 415  4,783 

Wetzel.  B-8 5.50  16.841 

Wirt,  F  5 290  9,41 1 

W^ood,  E-5 375  28,612 

Wyoming,  N-4  . ..  660  6.247 

Total 24,645  762,794 


48 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


49 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


Old  North  State." 
'Tar  State." 


Named  in  honor  of  Charles  I.  of  England. 


HISTORICAL.— First  attempted  coloniza- 
tion July  23,  1587,  Virginia  colonists  settled  at 
Duranfs  Neck  1653  to  1660;  Colon^^  of  Claren- 
don, the  real  foundation  of  North  Carohna, 
established,  1665.  "Mecklenburg  Declaration 
of  Independence"  adopted  May  20,  1775. 
One  of  the  Thirteen  Original  States,  ratified 
the  Constitution  Nov.  21,  1789. 

AREA.  —  52,200  square  miles;  land  area, 
48,580  square  miles;  water  surface.  3,670  square 
miles;  extreme  length,  east  and  west,  503 
miles;  extreme  breadth,  187  miles;  shore  line 
over  300  miles.    Greatest  altitude.  0,688  feet. 

CLIMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Charlotte: 
Mean  winter,  41°,  extreme,  — 5";  summer,  79°, 
extreme,  102°;  Wilmington,  winter,  47°,  ex- 
treme, 9° ;  summer,  80°,  extreme,103°.  Average 
annual  rainfall,  Charlotte,  54.8  inches;  Wil- 
mington, 57.5  inches. 

•POPULATION.— North  Carolina  ranked 
third  in  1790,  fourth  in  1800,  1810.  and  1820, 
fifth  in  1830,  seventh  in  1840,  tenth  in  1850, 
twelfth  in  1860,  foiu-teenth  in  1870,  fifteenth  in 
188<J,  and  sixteenth  in  1890.  Total  population, 
17'.iO.  393,751;  1800,  478,103;  1810,  555..500:  1820, 
6:38.829;  18:30,  7:37.987;  1840,  753,419;  1850.  869,0:39; 
1860,  992,622;  1870,  1,071, :361;  1880,  l.:399,750; 
1890,  1,617,947.  Classification:  Male,  799,149; 
female,  818,798:  native,  1,614,245:  foreign,  :3,7ti2; 
white.  1,055,382;  colored,  562,565— Africans, 
561,018;  Chinese,  32:  Japanese,  1;  Indians,  1,514. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Wilmington,  the 
chief  city  and  commercial  center  of  the  State, 
population,  20,056;  Raleigh,  the  capital,  popu- 
lation, 12,678;  Charlotte,  population,  11,557; 
Asheville,  population,  10,2:35. 

AGRICULTURAL,    ETC.  —  Cereal    pro- 

COUN 


ductions  1891:  Corn.  37.676,000  bushels;  wheat, 
4,975,000:  oats,  5,120,000:  latest  reports  give 
6,125,000  bushels  of  sweet  potatoes;  5.609.190 
bushels  of  rice.  Tobacco  crop  of  1889,  36,375.- 
2.58  pounds:  cotton,  1891.  490,000  bales.  Num- 
ber farm  animals  1891,  2,348,928.  value,  S:36,- 
137.098. 

MANUFACTURES.— Number  cotton  mills, 
91.  Tobacco  manufacturing  a  leading  indus- 
try. Value  of  lumber,  shingles,  etc.,  produced, 

1890,  $5,624,400;  leads  in  value  of  tar,  turpen- 
tine, and  rosin  produced. 

RAIL'^'AYS — State  had  in  1840,  53  miles 
1850,3^;  1855,  582;  18(30,  9:37;  1865,984;  1870, 1,178 
1875,  1,356;  1880,  1,486;  1885,  2,978;  1890,3,128 

1891,  3,244. 

EDUC AT  rON.  — State  has  325,861  pupils 
enrolled  in  public  schools,  and  26,971  in  pri- 
victe  schools.  School  age.  6-21.  University  of 
North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill,  organized  1795. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — January  1.  Febru- 
ary 22,  May  10  and  20,  July  4,  Thanksgiving, 
and  December  25. 

POLITICAL. —State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  Novembe  ;  number  of  Senators,  50; 
Representatives,  120:  term,  2  yeare;  sessions 
biennial,  in  odd-number,  d  yeai-s,  meets  fii-st 
Monday  in  Janu;iry;  limit  of  session,  60  days. 
Number  of  electoral  votes,  11;  number  voters, 
:342.6.53.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  resi- 
dents of  State  1  year,  of  count}-  fX)  davs:  reg- 
istration required.    Convicts  excluded'. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  years;  open  accounts,  3;  notes,  3; 
redemption  of  t  ix  sales,  1  year.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  6;  by  contract,  8. 

TIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  forS" 

Sq.Mls.  •^^^"• 

Alamance,  D-9...  446  18,271 

Alexander,  D-3  ..  278  9,430 

Alleghany.  B-3  ..  2»4  6,.52:3 

Anson,  H-7 460  20,027 

Ashe,  A-2. 436  15,628 

Beaufort,  E-17--.  718  21,072 

Bertie,  C-16 695  19,176 

Bladen,  J-11 890  16,763 

Brunswick,  L-12-  85)0  10,900 

Buncombe,  N-6.-  628  a5,266 

Burke,  D-2 G20  14,939 

Cabarrus,  F-5  ...  392  18,142 

Caldwell,  D-2....  460  12,298 

Camden.  B-18..-.  250  5,667 

Carteret,  1-17....  510  10,825 

Caswell,  B-9 410  16,028 

Catawba.  E-3....  388  18.689 

Chatham. E-9....  7a4  25,413 

Cherokee,  P-1 . . . .  5:30  9, 976 

Chowan,  C-17 220  9,167 

Clay,  P-2 160  4,197 

Cleveland,  G-2.-    420  20,394 

Columbus,  K- 11..  940  17,856 

Craven,  HI  6  ....  792  20,533 

Cumberland,G-10  794  27,321 


Land     p . 
Counties.        Area,      ,^,L' 
'     Sq.Mls.     ^^■*^- 
Currituck,  B-19.-  217         6,747 

Dare,  E-20 240         3,768 

Davidson,  E-6  ...  580  21,702 

Davie,  D-5 296  11,621 

Duplin,  H-13 828  18,690 

Durham,  D-10 --.  292  18,041 

Edgecombe,  D-14  520  24,113 

Forsyth,  C-6 372  28,4:^ 

Franklin,  C-12...  480  21,090 

Gaston,  G-3 »40  17,764 

Gates,  B-17 360  10,252 

Graham,  0-2 250  3,:313 

Granville,  C- 11- -.  600  ^,484 

Greene,  F-14 310  10,0:39 

Guilford .  D-7  . . . .  680  28,052 

Halifax,  C-14....  680  28,908 

Ha  rnett,  F-1 0 . . . .  560  1 3,700 

Haywood,  N5...  590  13,346 

Henderson,  0-7--  360  12,589 

Hertford .  B-1 6 . . .  324  1 3  a51 

Hyde,  F-18 4:35  8.903 

Iredell,  E-4 610  25,462 

Jackson,  0-4 552  9..512 

Johnston,  E-12  ..  680  27,239 

Jones,  H-15 4:30  7,403 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  fj^- 
Sq.Mls.   ^^^• 

Lenoir,  G-14 408  14,879 

Lincoln,  F-3 312  12,586 

3IcDowell,  El...  476  10,939 

Macon.  P-3 524  10,102 

Madison,  M-6....  480  17,805 

Martin,  D-15  .     .  570  15,221 

Mecklenbur'h,G-4  640  42,673 

Mitchell.  L-7 324  12,807 

Montgomery,  G-7  596  11,239 

Moore,  G-9 924  20,479 

Nash.  D-13 548  20,770 

New  Hanover, 

K-13 90  24,026 

Northampton, 

B-14 568     .  21,242 

Onslow,  1-15 640  10,303 

Orange,  D-9 :380  14,948 

Pamhco,  G-17  ...  460  7.146 

Pasquotank.  B-18  200  10,748 

Pender,  J-13 800  12  514 

Perquimans,  C-18  240  9,293 

Person,  B-10 420  15,151 

Pitt,  E-15 658  25,519 

Polk,  0-7 276  5,902 

Randolph,  E-7.-.  750  2.5,195 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO  'S 


COUNTIES-Continued. 


Land. 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Richmond,  H-8..  789 
Robeson,  J-9....  1,040 
Rockingham,  B-7  608 

Rowan,  E-5 458 

Rutherford,  G-1  -  498 
Sampson,  H-12..  996 

Stanley,  G-6 390 

Stokes,  B-6 510 


Pop. 

1890. 

23,948 
31,483 
25,363 
24,123 
18,770 
25,096 
12,136 
17,199 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Surry,  B-5 490 

Swain,  N-3 425 

Transylvania,  P-6  335 

Tyrrell,  E-18 380 

Union,  H-5 640 

Vance,  B-12 342 

Wake,  E-11 940 

Warren.  B-12.-.-  454 


Pop. 

1890. 

19,281 

6,577 

5,881 

4,225 

21,259 

17,581 

49,207 

19,360 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis 
Washington,  D-17  360 
Watauga,  C-1....  392 

Wayne,  F-13 615 

Wilkes,  C-3. 680 

Wilson,  E-13 355 

Yadkin,  C-5 320 

Yancey,  M-7 298 

Total 48,580  1, 


Pop. 
1890. 

10,200 
10,611 
26,100 
22,675 
18,644 
13,790 
9.490 
617,947 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


South  Kar-o-li'na. 
"Palmetto  State. »♦ 


Named  in  honor  of  Charles  I.  of  England. 


HISTORICAL..— Earliest  settlement,  that 
of  French  Huguenots,  at  Port  Royal,  May,  1562. 
Previous  to  1729  CaroUnas  constituted  one  Prov- 
ince. Constitution  adopted.  May  23,  1788. 
South  Carolina  the  eighth  in  order  of  the  Thir- 
teen Original  States  to  enter  the  Union.  Se- 
ceded November,  1860;  re-admitted  June,  1868. 

AREA,  ETC.— 30,570  square  miles;  land, 
30,170;  water,  400.  Average  length,  189  miles; 
breadth.  160  miles.    Coast  line,  200  miles. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Charleston: 
Mean  winter,  49°,  extreme,  10°;  summer,  82°, 
extreme,  104°;  average  annual  rainfall,  57.3 
inches,      y 

POPUL,ATfON.-South  Carolina  ranked 
seventh  in  1790,  sixth  in  1800  and  1810.  eighth 
in  1820,  ninth  in  1830,  eleventh  in  1840,  four- 
teenth in  1850,  eighteenth  in  1880,  twenty- 
second  in  1870  twenty-first  in  1880,  and  twen- 
ty-third in  1890.  Total  population,  1790,  249,- 
073;  1800,  345.591;  1810,  415,115;  1820,  502,741; 
1830,  581,185;  1840,  .594,398;  1850,  668,507;  1860, 
703,708;  1870,  705,606;  1880,  995,577;  1890,  1,151,- 
149.  Classification:  Male,  572,337;  female, 
578,812;  native,  1,144,879;  foreign,  6,270;  white, 
462,008;  colored,  689,141— Africans,  688,934; 
Chinese,  34;  Indians,  173. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Charleston,  the 
chief  city,  founded,  1680,  population,  54,955; 
Columbia,  the  capital,  population,  15,353; 
Greenville,  most  important  point  in  northwest, 
population,  8,607;  Charleston,  Georgetown, and 
Beaufort  are  ports  of  entry. 

AGRICULTURAL.  —  Products  of  1891  : 
Cotton,  640,000  bales;  corn,  18,650,000  bushels. 
Latest  returns  give  rice   product,  32,366,400 

COUN 


pounds.  Rice  culture  introduced,  1693;  barrels 
exported,  1754, 104,682.  First  Sea  Island  Cotton 
grown,  1790. 

MANUFACTURES,  ETC.— Total  number 
manufacturing  estabhshments,  3,242;  annual 
products,  $29,951,550.  Nimiber  cotton  mills, 
1890,  34.  Value  of  lumber,  shingles,  etc., 
manufactured,  1890,  $4,413,250.  Annual  value 
of  tar  and  turpentine,  $2,912,271.  Output  of 
phosphates,  1890,  463,998  tons,  value,  $2,875,605. 

RAILWAYS.— Number  of  miles  in  opera- 
tion, 1835  and  1840, 137;  1850,  289;  1855,759;  1860, 
973;  1865,1,007;  1870, 1,139;  1875, 1,335;  1880, 1,486; 
1885,  1,687;  1890,  2,-.^96;  1891,  2,509. 

EDUCATION — Present  school  system  or- 
ganized,1868.  School  age,  6-18.  Pupils  in  public 
schools,  1889.  208,461;  private,  14,257. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  December  25,  and 
general  election. 

POLITICAL. —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators,  36;  Representatives, 
124;  sessions  annual,  meets  foui'th  Monday  in 
November;  limit  of  session,  none;  term  o 
Senators,  4  years;  Representatives,  2  years- 
Nmnber  of  electoral  votes,  9;  number  voters, 
235,606.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  resi- 
dents of  State  1  year,  of  county  60  days; 
registration  rt  quired.  Insane,  idiots,  paupers, 
convicts,  U.  S.  soldiers,  and  duelists  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  years;  open  accounts,  6;  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  none.  Legal  interest 
rate,  7;  by  contract,  10. 

TIES. 


Counties. 


Land 
Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

-.1,006 
1,068 


Abbeville,  F-5 

Aiken,,  1-8- 

Anderson,  D-4.-  690 
Barn  well,  K-9.-.  1,21 4 
Beaufort,  0-11--  967 
Berkeley,  K-14.. 1,742 
Charleston,  L-15    193 

Chester  C-9 570 

Chesterfield,  C-13  986 
Clarendon,  H-13-  664 
Colleton,  L-12--- 1,920 
DarUngton,  E-14   673 


Pop. 

1890. 

46,854 
31,822 
43,6fl6 
44,613 
34,119 
55,428 
59,9(13 
26,660 
18,46S 
23,233 
40.293 
29,1.34 


Land 
Counties.  Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Edgefield,  G-7-.  1,352 
Fairfield,  E-10.-.  775 
Florence,  F-15-..  578 
Georgetown,  1-16  742 
Greenville,  B-5..  716 
Hampton,  M-10-1,141 

Horry,  G-18 980 

Kershaw,  E-11-.  775 
Lancaster,  C-11.  535 
Laurens,  D-6.--.  680 
Lexington,  G-9.,  780 
Marion,  E-16---.  1,024 


Pop. 

1890. 

49,259 
28,599 
25,027 
20,857 
44,310 
20,544 
19,256 
22,361 
20,761 
31,610 
22,181 
29,976 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  foiS' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^'*^"- 

Marlboro,  C-15..    530  23,500 

Newberry,  E-8..    600  26,434 

Oconee,  C-2 620  18,687 

Orangeb'g,  I-ll  .1,400  49,393 

Pickens,  B-4....    464  16,389 

Richland,  G-IO..    608  36,821 

Spartanb'g,  C-7.    949  55,385 

Sumter,  F-12....    870  43,605 

Union,  C-8 660  25,363 

WiUiamsb'g,H-15  948  27,777 

York,  B-9 750  38,831 

Total --..30,170  1,151,149 


K0i!iHtiowt«» 


52 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


53 


GEORGIA. 


JOr'je-a. 
"Cracker  State." 


Xamed  in  honor  of  George  n,  of  England. 


HISTORICAL.  —  First  important  settle- 
ment made  by  English  at  Savannah,  February 
1,  173-3;  became  a  Royal  Colony,  1752;  last  of 
the  Thirteen  Original  States  settled,  but  fourth 
in  point  of  time  to  ratify  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States;  admitted  into  the  Union 
January  2, 1788.  Adopted  a  State  constitution 
February  5,  1777;  a  second  constitution  was 
ratified  January  4,  1789;  a  new  one  1798,  1868, 
1877.  State  seceded  January,  1861 ;  re-admitted 
December,  1870. 

AREA,  ETC — Total  area,  59,475  square 
miles;  land,  58,980  square  miles;  water,  495 
square  miles;  extreme  length,  north  to  south, 
320  miles;  greatest  breadth,  256  miles.  Georgia 
has  a  coast  line  of  128  miles,  shores  skirted 
with  a  chain  of  islands,  which,  with  main 
shoi'e,  constitute  480  miles  of  coast.  Numer- 
ous navigable  rivers  furnish  an  abundant 
water-power.  State  celebrated  for  its  fine 
mountain  scenery  and  the  great  beauty  and 
grandeur  of  its  many  waterfalls. 

CLIMATE Temperature    at     Atlanta: 

Mean  winter,  43°,  extreme,  —2°;  summer,  78°, 
extreme,  100°;  Augusta,  winter.  47°,  extreme. 
6°;  summer,  82°,  extreme,  105°;  Savannah, 
winter,  51°,  extreme,  12°;  summer,  82°,  ex- 
treme, 105°.  Average  annual  rainfall,  Atlanta, 
559  inches;  Augusta,  48.6  inches;  Savannah, 

"JPOPUIiATIOX.  —  Georgia    ranked    thir- 
teenth in  1790,   twelfth  in  1800,   eleventh  in 
1810  and  1820,  tenth  in  laSO.  ninth  in  1840  and 
1850,  eleventh  in  1860,  twelfth  m  1870,  thir- 
teenth in  1880,  and  twelfth  in  1890.    Total  pop- 
ulation, 1790,  82.548;   1800.  162,686;   1810,  2.52.- 
433;  1820,  :340,985;    1830,  516  823;   1^0,  691.392 
ia50,   906,185:    1860,    1.057,286;    1870,    1,184.109 
laSO.  1,542,180;    1890,  1,837.353.    Classification 
Male,  919,925;   female,  917,428;   native,  1,825,- 
216;   foreign,   12,137;    white,  978,'i57;   colored, 
&58, 996 -Africans,  &58,815;  Chinese,  108;  Japan- 
ese. 5;  Indians,  68. 

PRINCIPAT.  CITIES Atlanta,  the  cap- 
ital, ati  important  railway  and  manufacturing 
center,  population,  65,533;  Savannah,  a  com- 
mercial center,  the  largest  seaport,  and  termi- 
nus of  important  railway  lines,  population, 
43.18'J;  Augusta,  an  extensive  cotton  market 
and  principal  center  of  cot>ton  manufactures, 
population,  33,300:  Macon,  center  of  the  educa- 
tional interests,  population,  22.746;  Columbus, 
a  large  cotton  market,  population,  17.303. 

URBAN  POFDL.ATION. —State  had 
nineteen  cities  and  towns  in  1880  with  an  ag- 
gregate population  of  1.54,196;  aggregate  of 
same  places  in  1890,  249,128;  increase,  94.9:t2.  or 
61. .57  per  cent.  Greatest  numerical  increases 
found  in  Atlanta,  28,1'^;  Savannah,  12.480; 
Augusta,  11.409.  Percentages  of  increase 
greatest  in  "Waycross,  4:^  per  cent.;  Bruns- 
wick, 192.60  per  cent.;  Thomasville,  115.81  per 
cent. ;  Rome,  79.44  per  cent. ;  Macon,  78.41  per 
cent.;  Americus,  76.01  per  cent.;  Atlanta, 
75.18  per  cent. 

AGRICULTURE — Nearly  all  productions 
of  temperate  and  sub-tropical  regions  are  suc- 


cessfully cultivated.  Corn  and  cotton  are  the 
staple  crops.  Latest  reports  give  crops:  Corn, 
37,829.000  bushels,  value,  S26. 102,070;  cotton, 
1,210,000  bales,  value.  .S41,&42,000;  oats,  7,238,0(X) 
bushels,  value,  S4,.342,7.54;  annual  production 
of  sweet  potatoes,  5,000,000  bushels;  rice,  : 
25,000  000  pounds.  Sugar-cane,  tobacco,  and  , 
peanuts  are  grown.  Cultivation  of  melons,  ; 
tomatoes,  and  vegetables  for  Northern  mar- 
kets an  important  industry.  Fruits  of  tem- 
perate and  sub-tropical  regions  cultivated. 
Viticulture  a  growing  industry;  State  hasl.9;i8 
acres  of  bearing  vines  and  2.1.54  acres  in  new 
vineyards.  In  1889,  3,976.000  pnmds  of  table 
grapes  and  107,666  gallons  of  wine  were  pro- 
duced. Value  of  all  farm  products,  1890,  S95,- 
980.600. 

LIVE  STOCK — During  the  past  decade 
great  improvement  has  been  made  in  all 
grades  of  farm  animals.  Number  and  value 
1891:  Horses,  104,;309,  value.  .S8.4.50,S07:  mules, 
157.257,  S14.916.9.59;  milch  cows,  a54..58;i  $6.:382,- 
494;  oxen  and  other  cattle,  569,200.  $5.613.4.^0; 
sheep,  383.017,  $673,9.56;  swine,  1,691,275,  $5.- 
692,8;«. 

FORESTRY  AND  LUMBER — State  has 
an  estimated  area  of  17,200,(X)O  acres  under 
forest.  Wealth  of  the  forests  large  and 
varied;  Georgia  pine  leads  all  other  varieties 
of  that  species  in  value  and  importance.  Es- 
timated amount  of  pine  still  standing,  18,130,-  j 
000,000  feet.  Geoi-gia  forests  furnish  the  most  • 
valuable  ship-timber  grown  in  the  United 
States.  Atlantic  coast  line  has  a  si  rip  of  live- 
oak  timber  100  miles  long  and  fifteen  miles 
wide.  There  are  472  large  saw-mills  and 
wood-working  establishments;  value  of  lum- 
ber, sliingles,  etc..  in  1S90.  $8,253,000. 

MINERAL    AVEALTH.— The    abundant 
and  varied  mineral  resources  are  largely  im- 
develoi)ed.     Iron  ores  exist  in  inexhaustible 
quantities.     Georgia  ranked  twelfth  in  1890 
among  iron-producing  States;   stands  second 
only  to  Virgmia  in  production  of  manganese  [ 
ores.     Coal    area   in    northwest   covers   300 1 
square    miles,     output     1889,     225,9:34     tons. 
Amount  of  gold  deposited  at  mints  and  assay  ' 
offices,  from  organization  to  January,  1891,  S8.- 1 
872.130.    Building  stone,  marble,  and  slate  are  | 
abundant.  State  ranks  sixth  in  production  of  i 
granite,  value  of  output,  §7.52.481 ;  number  cubic 
feet  quarried,  2,425,622.   Value  of  marble  quar- 
ried in  1889,  $196,2.50.     An  imix)rtant  vein  of 
black  marble  has  been  opened  and  is  being 
developed.    Cherokee  and   Pickens   counties 
are  principal  seats  of  the  industry.  i 

MANUFACTURES. —Georgia  leads  the 
Southern  States  in  cotton  manufactures. 
Numb-r  mills  .53,  looms  10,206,  spindles  436,- 
973;  amount  of  cotton  manufactured  into 
goods,  68,994.616  pounds.  There  are  19  estab- 
lishments engaged  in  the  woolen  industry; 
capital  invested;  $444.03:3,  employes  528.  value 
products,  S'^0.095.  Amount  of  pig  iron  pro- 
duced, 1890,  35,747  tons.  Manufacture  of  lum- 
ber and  naval  stores  among  the  most  im- 
Ijortant   industries   of   the  State.    Value   of 


54 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


naval  stores— tar,  pitch,  resin,  and  turpentine 
—  shipped  from  Savannah  and  Brunswick  ex- 
ceeds $3,000,000  annually.  Annual  value  of  all 
manufactures  over  $70,000,000. 

;RAIL,WAY,S. — Georgia  leads  the  Southern 
States  in  railway  mileage.  January,  1892, 
State  had  4,826  miles  of  road  in  operation,  or 
one  mile  of  road  to  each  12.3  square  miles. 
Number  miles  of  road  1840,  185;  1850,  643;  1855, 
1,020;  1860 and  1865,  1,420;  1870, 1,845;  1875,  2,264; 
1880,  2,459;  1885,  3,116;  1890,  4,592;  1891,  4,826. 

EDUCATION.  —  Previous  to  Civil  War 
State  had  no  system  of  common  schools. 
Present  system  went  into  effect  1873.  Number 
pupils  in  public  schools  1889,  342,562;  expendi- 
tures, $967,590.  School  age,  6-18.  Number 
pupils  in  private  schools,  49,131.  State  has  7 
colleges,  17  seminaries,  and  86  academies. 
University  of  Georgia,  Athens,  oi'ganized  1785. 


I.EGAL  HOI.IDAYS January  1  and  19, 

February  22,  April  26,  July  4,  Thanksgiving, 
and  December  25. 

POL.ITICAL.  —  State  elections  biennial, 
first  Wednesday  in  October.  Congression- 
al and  presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after 
first  Monday  in  November;  number  of  Sena- 
t  irs,  44;  Representatives,  175;  term,  2  years; 
sessions  biennial,  in  even-numbered  years, 
meeting  first  Wednesday  in  November;  limit 
of  session,  40  days.  Number  of  electoral  votes, 
13;  number  voters,  398,122.  Voters  must  be 
actual  citizens,  residents  of  State,  1  year,  of 
county,  6  months.  Idiots,  insane,  and  crim- 
inals excluded. 

L.EGAL,. —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 7  years;  open  accounts,  4;  notes,  7; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  7 ;  by  contract,  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  .,  qoa' 

Sq.  Mis.  ■^^''*^- 

Appling,  P-10  . .  .1,074  8,676 

Baker,  Q-4 355  6,144 

Baldwin,  J-7-...    240  14,608 

Banks,  E-6 -    359  8,562 

Bartow,  E-3 491  20,616 

Berrien,  0,-7  .---    745  10,694 

Bibb,K-6 235  42.370 

Brooks,  S-6 529  13,979 

Bryan,  N-13 400  5,520 

Bulloch,  L-12..--    903  13,712 

Burke,  J-11 1,080  28,501 

Butts,  1-5... 204  10,565 

Calhoun,  P-3   ...    265  8,438 

Canul^n,  R-12...    769  6,178 

Campbell,  H-3.--    230  9,115 

Carroll,  H-2.           549  22,301 

Catoosa,  C-2  . . . .    1 49  5. 431 

Charlton,  8-10.-1,055  3,3;35 

Chatham,  N-14..    433  57,740 
Chattahoochee, 

M-3 220  4,902 

Chattooga,  E-l..    331  11,202 

Cherokee,  F-4...    409  15.412 

Clarke,  G-7 140  15,181 

Clay,  0-2... 192  7,817 

Clayton,  H-4....    1.35  8,295 

Clinch,  R-9 988  6,652 

Cobb,  G-3 379  22,286 

Coffee,  P-8 1  145  10,483 

Colquitt,  Q  6....    5.50  4,794 

Columbia,  H-10..    3.33  11,281 

Coweta.  1-3 506  22,3.54 

Crawford,  L-5.-.    324  9,315 

Dade,  C-1 186  5,707 

Dawson,  E-5 192  5,612 

Decatur,  R-4....  1,106  19,949 

Dekalb,  G-4 269  17,189 

Dodge,  N-8 414  11,452 

Dooly,  N-6 705  18,146 

Dougherty,  P-4..    312  12,206 

Douglas,  H-3....    178  7,794 

Early.  Q3 429  9,792 

Echols,  S-8 390  3,079 

Effingham,  L-13.    449  5,599 

Elbert,  F-8    406  15,376 

Emanuel,  L-10  ..  1,026  14,703 

Fannin,  C-4 409  8,724 


Land  p 

Counties.  Area,  ^Qon' 
Sq.  Mis.    •^'^*^"- 

Fayette,  1-3 1 62  8, 728 

Floyd,  F-2 539  28,391 

Forsyth,  F-5 297  11,155 

Frankhn,  E-7  ...  359  14,670 

Fulton,  G-4 166  84,655 

Gilmer,  D-4 452  9,074 

Glascock,  1-9....      90  3,720 

Glynn,  Q-12 427  13,420 

Gordon,  D-2 351  12,758 

Greene,  1-7 361  17,051 

Gwinnett,  G-5    .  450  19,899 

Habersham,  D-6,  347  11,573 

Hall,  E-6. 497  18,047 

Hancock,  J-8....  474  17,149 

Haralson,  G-1...  269  11,316 

Harris,  K-2 423  16,797 

Hart,  E-8 381  10,887 

Heard,  1-2 290  9,557 

Henry,  1-4 322  16,220 

Houston,  M-6-...  570  21,613 

Irwin,  P-7 601  6,316 

Jackson,  F-6--..  328  19.176 

Jasper,  1-6.  .....  380  13,879 

Jefferson,  J-IO...  640  17,213 

Johnson,  L-9 266  6,129 

Jone.s.  J-6 386  12,709 

Laurens,  M-8  ...  761  13,747 

Lee,  0  5 360  9,074 

Liberty,  0-12....  966  12,887 

Lincoln,  G-9 309  6,146 

Lowndes,  S-7...-  4-31  15,102 

Lumpkin,  D-5...  267  6,867 

McDuffie,  1-9  ....  2.35  8,789 

Mcintosh,  P-13..  419  6,470 

Macon,  M-5 288  13,183 

Madison,  F-7....  300  11,024 

Marion,  M-4 330  7,728 

Meriwether,  J-3.  552  20,740 

Miller,  Q-3 240  4,275 

Milton.  F-4 110  6,208 

Mitchell,  Q-5....  507  10,906 

Monroe,  J-5 490  19,137 

Montgomery,  N-9  763  9.248 

Morgan,  H-6.-..  322  16,041 

Murray,  C-3 410  8,461 

Muscogee,  L-2  ..  244  27,761 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  foi^ 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^^"• 

Newton,  H-5 260  14,310 

Oconee,  G-7 168  7,713 

Oglethorpe.  G-8.  528  16,951 

Paulding.  G-2  ..  340  11,948 

Pickens,  E-4 276  8,182 

Pierce,  Q-il.....  555  6,379 

Pike,  J-4 262  16,300 

Polk,  G-2        -.--  330  14,945 

Pulaski,  M-7 4.35  16,.599 

Putnam,  17 335  14,842 

Quitman,  0-2 168  4,471 

Rabun.  C-7 464  5,606 

Randolph,  0-3  ..  449  1.5,267 

Richmond,  l-ll.-  329  45,194 

Rockdale,  H-5--.  126  6,813 

Schley,  M-4 163  5,443 

Screven,  K-12...  786  14,424 

Spalding,  J-4....  189  13,117 

Stewart,  N-3  ....  450  15,682 

Sumter,  N-5 515  22,107 

Talbot,  K-3 360  13, 258 

Taliaferro,  H-8.-  168  7,291 

Tattnall.  N-11 .  -  .1.123  10,253 

Taylor,  L-4 356  8,666 

Telfair,  0-8 491  5,477 

Terrell.  0-4 320  14,503 

Thomas,  S-5 784  26,154 

Towns,  C-6 180  4,061 

Troup.  J-2 493  20,723 

Twiggs.  L-7 376  8,195 

Union,  C-5 325  7,749 

Upson,  K-4 321  12,188 

Walker,  C-1 404  13,282 

Walton.  G-C ---.  389  17  467 

Ware,  Q-10 893  8,811 

Warren,  1-9 264  10,957 

Washington,  J-10  688  25,237 

Wayne,  P-11  ....  721  7,485 

Webster,  N-3 225  5,695 

White,  D-6 170  6,151 

Whitfield,  C-2...  285  12,916 

Wilcox,  0-7 563  7.980 

Wilkes,  G-9 464  18,081 

Wilkinson,  K-7..  417  10,781 

Worth,  P-6 750  10,048 

Total....  58,P80  l,aS7,353 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


55 


FLORIDA. 


Flor'e-dah. 
"Peninsular  State.' 


After  Easter  Sunday;  Spanisli,  Pascua-Florida. 


HISTORICAL,.— Mainland  discovered  by 
Ponce  de  Leon  on  Easter  Sunday,  1512. 
Settled  by  Spaniards  at  St.  Augustine  in  1565. 
Florida  ceded  to  Great  Britain  1763;  retro- 
ceded  to  Spain  1788;  ceded  to  the  United 
States  in  1821.  Territory  organized  1822; 
admitted  March  3,  1845;  seceded  1861,  re- 
admitted 1868. 

AREA,  ETC.  — 58,680  square  miles;  land 
area,  54,240  square  miles;  water,  4,440.  Coast- 
line 1,200  miles.  Extreme  length,  700  miles; 
length  of  peninsula,  275  miles;  average  breadth, 
90  miles.   G.-eatePt  elevation,  250  feet. 

CL 1  MATE. — Temperature  at  Jacksonville: 
Mean  winter,  55°,  extreme,  15°;  siunmer,  82°, 
extreme,  104°;  Key  West,  winter  70',  extreme, 
41°;  summer,  84°,  extreme,  100°;  Pensacola, 
winter,  52°,  extreme,  15°;  summer,  81°,  ex- 
treme, 99°.  Average  annual  rainfall,  Jackson- 
ville, 56.3  inches;  Key  West,  39.9  inches;  Pen- 
sacola, 63.6  inches. 

POPULATION — Florida  ranked  twenty- 
sixth  in  18^30,  twenty -seventh  in  1840,  thirty- 
first  in  1850  and  1860.  thirty-third  in  1870,  thirty- 
fourth  in  1880,  and  thirty-second  in  1890.  Total 
population,  1830,  34,730;  1840,  54,477;  1850,  87,- 
445;  1860,  140,424;  1870,  187,748;  1880,  269,493; 
1890,  391,422.  Classification:  Male,  201,947; 
female,  189,475;  native,  368.490;  foreign  22,932; 
white,  224,949;  colored,  166,47:3— Africans,  166,- 
180;  Chinese,  108;  Japanese,  14;  Indians,  171. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  —  Key  West,  the 
largest  city;  population.  18,080.  Jacksonville, 
an  important  commercial  point:  population, 
17,201.  Pensacola,  a  port  of  entry;  population. 
11,750;  increase  during  decade,  4,905.  Tampa, 
population,  5,532;  increase,  4,812.  St.  Angus 
tine,  oldest  city  in  United  States;  population, 
4,742.  Tallahassee,  the  capital;  population, 
2  934 

'  AGRICULTURE.— Principal  crops,  1891: 
Corn,  5,460,000  bushels;  cotton,  80,000  bales. 
Of  the  famous  Sea  Island  cotton  Florida  pro- 
duces more  than  56  per  cent,  of  total  yield; 
tobacco,  470,443  pounds.  Total  mmiber  farm 
animals  1891,  1,157.419,  value,  $10,117,567. 

COUN 


HORTICULTURE.— State  has  38,935  acres 
under  bearing  orange  trees ;  total  yield,  1890, 
3,146,740  boxes;  value,  ^298,014.  Number 
pineapples  produced,  10,452,499,  value,  $812,159; 
lemons,  252,948  boxes,  value,  $450,247;  pecans, 
6,439,140  poimds,  value,  $804,892;  cocoanuts, 
6,542,120,  value,  $251,217;  of  hmes  46,294  boxes 
were  produced,  value,  $62,496. 

PHOSPHATES.— Most  important  of  the 
mineral  resources  of  the  State,  discovered  1888. 
Chief  source  of  the  world's  supply.  Value  of 
shipments  1890,  $338,190.  Number  mining  com- 
panies 1891, 215  :output  estimated  at  2.50, 0<X>  tons. 

MANUFACTURES.  — The  production  of 
pine  liunber,  naval  stores,  cigars,  and  cotton- 
seed oil  are  the  chief  manufactures.  Value 
of  cigars  manufactured  at  Key  West.  $5,000,000. 

RAILAVAYS.— Number  of  miles  of  road  in 
185(Jand  1855,21;  1860,402;  1865,416;  1870,446; 
1875,  484;  1880,  518;  1885,  1,654;  1890,  2,489;  1891, 
2,573. 

EDUCATION State  has  91,118  pupils  en- 
rolled in  public  schools,  and  5,815  in  private 
schools.  School  age,  4-21.  Normal  schools  at 
DeFuniak  Springs  and  Tallahassee.  State 
University  at  Tallaha.ssee  organized  1884. 

LEG.vL  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  December  25, 
and  any  general  election, 

POLITICAL.  — State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  November;  number  of  Senators,  32; 
Representatives,  76;  sessions,  biennial  in  odd- 
immbered  years,  meets  Tuesday  after  fifst 
Monday  in  April;  limit  of  session,  60  days; 
term  of  Senators,  4  years;  Representatives,  2 
years.  Number  of  electoral  votes,  4.  Num- 
ber of  voters,  96.213,  Voters  must  be  citizens 
or  declaretl  intention,  residents  of  State  1 
year,  of  county,  6  months;  registration  re- 
(iuired.  Idiots,  insane,  criminals,  bettors  on 
elections,  and  duelists  excluded. 

LEG AL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments. 20  years;  open  accounts,  2;  notes,  5; 
redemption  of  tax  sales.  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  8;  by  contract,  10. 

TIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  t^Qn 

Sq.  Mis.  ^'^^"• 

Alachua,  D-8 1,282  22,954 

Baker,  B-9 538  3,333 

Bradford,  C-8 560  7,516 

Brevard,  K-13 2,446  3,401 

Calhoun,  B-1 1,080  1,681 

Citrus,  G-8 592  2,394 

Clay,  C-10 634  5,154 

Columbia,  B-8---.    862  12,877 

Dade,  Q-13 5,636  861 

De  Soto,  M-10 3,272  4,944 

Duval.  B-10 900  26,800 

Escambia.  P-1 680  20,188 

Franklin,  D-2 690  3,308 

Gadsden,  A-3 550  11,894 

Hamilton,  B-7..--    576  8,507 

Hernando,  H  8  . .    520  2,476 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  f^L' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^•^• 

Hillsborough,  J-8  1,280  14,941 

Holmes,  0-5 535  4,336 

Jackson,  0-7 990  17,544 

Jefferson,  B-4 600  15,757 

La  Fayette,  D-6..  1,008  3,686 

Lake,  H-10 1,100  8,0;34 

Lee,  P-11 4,000  1,414 

Leon,  B-4 910  17,752 

Levy,  F-7 -1,104  6,!586 

Liberty,  C-2 800  1 ,452 

Madison,  B-5 830  14,.316 

Manatee,  L-8 1,240  2,895 

Marion,  F-9 1,600  20,796 

Monroe,  S-12 692  18,786 

Nassau,  A-10 640  8,294 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  .^r^^' 
Sq.Mls.     ^^•^"• 

Orange,  H-11 1,.566  12  5&4 

Osceola,  J-11 1.758  3,133 

Pasco,  1-8 800  4,249 

Polk,  J-10 2,060  7,905 

Putnam,  D-10 776  11,186 

Saint  Johns,  D-11.    990  8,712 

Santa  Rosa.  P-2  ..1,296  7,961 

Sumter,  H-9 600  5,363 

Suwannee,  C-7...-    640  10,524 

Taylor,  C-5 1,079  2,122 

Volusia,  F-11 1.288  8,467 

Wakulla,  C-3 540  3,117 

Walton,  P-4 1,360  4,816 

Washington,  Q-6  .1,340  6,426 

Total 54,240  391,422 


56 


RAND.  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


57 


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RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


59 


ALABAMA. 


Al-a-bah'mah. 
"Cotton  State." 


Indian — Here  we  rest. 
HISTORTCAI..  —  First   settlement   made       »IINERAI.S.— State  ranked  seventh  as  a 


near  Mobile  Ba\'  1702  Territory  organized 
1817;  admitted  into  the  Union  December  14, 
1819,  being  the  ninth  State  admitted ;  seceded 
in  1861 ;  readmitted  July,  1868. 

AREA,  ETC. -Total  area,  52,2.50  square 
miles;  water,  710  square  miles;  land,  51,540. 
Extreme  length,  .336  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
200  miles.  Seacoast,  .58  miles.  Greatest  alti- 
tude, 2,407  feet.    1,500  miles  navigable  rivers. 

CLIMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Mobile: 
Mean  winter,  .50°,  extreme,  11°;  summer,  82°, 
extreme,  101°.  Montgomery,  winter,  48°, 
extreme,  5°;  summer,  82°,  extreme.  107°. 
Average  annual  rainfall:  Mobile,  64.1  inches; 
Montgomery,  53.3  inches. 

POPULATION.  —  Alabama  ranked  nine- 
teenth iu  1820,  fifteenth  in  1830,  twelfth  in 
1840  and  1850,  thirteenth  in  1860,  sixteenth  in 
1870,  seventeenth  in  1880  and  1890.  Total  pop- 
ulation 1820,  127.901;  1830,  309..527:  1840,  590,- 
7.56;  1850,  771.623;  1860,  964,201;  1870.  996,992; 
1880,  1,262,505;  1890,  1,.513,017.  Classification: 
Male,  747,456;  female,  7.55..561;  native,  1,498,- 
240;  foreign,  14,777;  white,  833,718;  colored, 
679,299— Africans,  678,489;  Chinese,  48;  Japan- 
ese, 3;  Indian.  759. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES — Mobile,  the  me- 
tropolis, founded  by  French,  1711,  population, 
31,076;  Birmingham,  second  in  importance, 
population,  1890,  26,178;  increase  during  de- 
cade, 23,092.  Montgomerv,  capital,  popula- 
tion, 21.mi.    Anniston,  9,99K. 

AGRICULTURE — Principal  staple,  cot- 
ton; State  ranks  fourth  in  jiroduction.  L'rop  of 
1891,  1,060,000  bales;  corn  rankssecoud.  ;J2,245,- 
000  bushels  grown  in  1891 ;  v.heat,  2,251,000  hm-h- 
els;  oats,  5,180,000  bushels.  Alahama  ranks 
fourth  in  production  of  sweet  potatoes.  "\'alue 
of  all  farm  products,  1890,  $92,876,500. 


producer  of  iron  ore  in  1880,  and  second  in 
1890.  Output  1,570,319  tons,  value,  $1,511,611. 
Coal  area  8,660  square  miles;  output,  1880, 
.323.972  tons:   1889,  :i.572,983  tons. 

MAN  UFACTURES.— State  occupied  tenth 
place  as  producer  of  pig  ii'on  in  1880,  third  in 
1890.  Production.  18JHJ,  890,4:32  tons:  increase, 
1.328  percent.  Value  of  lumber,  shingles,  etc., 
manufactured  in  1890,  $10,321,000.  Number 
cotton  mills  in  State  1890,  13. 

RAILWAYS. — Number  miles  iu  operation 
18:35  and  1840,  46:  1850,  183:  1855,  3;}4;  1860,  74:3; 
186.5,  805:  1870,  1,157:  1875,  1.7:32;  1880,  1,843; 
188.5,  2,22.5;    1890,  3,422;  1891,  3,601. 

EDUCATION.— Number  pupils  in  public 
schools,  302.949;  in  private  schools,  24,103; 
school  age,  7-21.  State  has  5  colleges.  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama,  Tuscaloosa,  founded  1831. 

LEGAL  HO  LI  OATS — January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  Mardi  Gras,  April  26,  Good  Friday, 
July  4,  Thanksgiving,  and  December  25. 

POLITICAL. —  State  elections,  biennial, 
first  Monday  in  August.  Congressional  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  afier  first  Mon- 
day in  November;  number  of  Senators,  33; 
Representatives,  100:  term  of  Senators,  4 
years;  Representatives,  2  years;  sessions,  bi- 
ennial, in  even-numbered  years,  meeting  first 
Tuesday  after  second  Monday  in  November; 
limit  of  session,  50  days.  Number  electoral 
votes,  11;  number  voters,  :324,822.  Voters  must 
be  actual  citizens  or  declared  intention,  resi- 
lent  of  State  1  year,  of  county  3  months, 
town  and  precinct  30  days;  registration  re- 
quired.   Convicts  and  idiots  excluded. 

LEGAL. — Statutes  of  limitations:  Judg- 
ments, 20  years:  open  accounts,  3;  notes,  6: 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2*2  years.  Legal 
interest  rate.  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  loriV 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^•^• 

Autauga,  L-8  .-.-  660  13,-3:30 

Baldwin,  T-4 1,620  8,941 

Barbour,  0-12...    888  34,898 

Bibb,  J-6 -625  1.3,824 

Blount,  E-8 752  21,927 

Bullock,  N-11  ....  640  27,063 

Butler,  0-8 782  21,641 

Calhoun,  F-11  ...  640  .3:3,835 

Chambers,  J-12..  600  26,319 

Cherokee,  Ell  ..  586  20,459 

Chilton,  K-8 710  14,549 

Choctaw,  N-2....  916  17,526 

Clarke,  P-4 1,160  22,624 

Clay,  111 599  15,765 

Cleburne,  G-12...  545  13,218 

Coffee,  Q-10 728  12,170 

Colbert,  B-4 556  20,189 

Conecuh,  Q-7  ....  804  14,594 

Coosa,  J-9 684  15,906 

Covington,  R-8  ..  994  7,5.36 

Crenshaw, P-9..-.  640  15,425 

Culhnan,  E-7 577  13,439 

Dale,  Q-11 660  17,225 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  ^q(L' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^^• 

Dalla.s,  M-6 954  49,.350 

Dekalb,  C-11 760  21,106 

Elmore,  L-9  _ 6.52  21 , 7:32 

Escambia.  R-6...  972  8,666 

Etowah,  E-10....  510  21.926 

Faj-etie,  G-4 700  12,823 

Franklin,  D4  ...  620  10,681 

Geneva,  S-11 640  10,690 

Greene,  K-3 .544  22,007 

Hale,  K-4 7:32  27,501 

Henry,  Q-13 984  ^4,847 

Jackson.  B-10.... 1,144  28.026 

Jeffer.son,  G-7...  1,092  88,.501 

Lamar,  F-3 612  14,187 

Lauderdale,  B-4  .  682  2:3,739 

Lawrence,  C-5  ...  768  20,725 

Lee,  L-12 610  28,694 

Limestone,  B-7  ..  596  21,201 

LowTides,  N-8 720  31,550 

Macon,  M-11 622  18,4.39 

Madison,  B-8 796  :38,119 

Marengo.  M-4....  960  33,095 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Marion,  E-4 796 

3Iarshall,  D-9--..  .580 

Mobile,  T-2. 1,234 

Monroe,  P-5 990 

Montgomeiy,  N-9  772 

ilorgan,  C7 686 

Perry,  L-6 774 

Pickens,  1-3 9:34 

Pike,  O-IO. 710 

Randolph,  1-12...  599 
Russell,  M-13  .-..  670 

Shelby,  1-8 772 

St.  Clair.  G-9 648 

Sumter,  L-3 970 

TaUadc'ga,  H-9...  7^ 
Tallapoosa,  J-11  .  795 
Tuscaloosa,  1-5.-1,346 

Walker,  F-6 824 

Washington, Q-3-1. 050 

Wilcox.  0-5 940 

Winston,  E-5 6:30 

Total 51,540  1. 


Pop. 

1890. 

11,-347 
18,9.35 
51,.587 
18,990 
56,172 
24.089 
29,-3:32 
22,470 
24,423 
17,219 
24,093 
20,886  1 
17,:3.53 
29,574 
29,-346 
25,460  j 
30,352 
16,078  ! 
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30,816 
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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


61 


MISSISSIPPI. 


Mis'sis-sip-pi. 

"  Bayou  State." 


Indian  origin— "  Great  Long  River.'" 


HISTORICAL. —First  visited  by  Euro- 
peans, 1540.  Natchez  founded,  1716.  Miss- 
issippi Territory  organized,  1798;  admitted  as 
a  State,  December  10,  1817;  the  seventh  State 
to  enter  the  Union ;  seceded,  January,  1861;  re- 
admitted, 1870.  Present  Constitution  adopted 
1890,  limits  right  of  suffrage  to  those  who  can 
read  the  Con.stitution. 

AREA,  ETC.— 46,810  square  miles;  land 
area,  46,340  square  miles;  water,  470  square 
miles;  extreme  length,  north  and  south,  330 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  188  miles.  Has  85 
miles  of  seacoast.  Has  over  500  miles  of  water 
frontage  on  the  Jlississippi  River. 

CL.I3IATE.— Temperature  at  Vicksburg  : 
Mean  winter,  47°.  extreme,  3°;  summer,  8^;°, 
extreme,  101°  ;  average  annual  rainfall,  57.8 
inches. 

POPULATION — Mississippi  ranked  twen- 
tieth in  1800  and  1810,  twenty-first  in  1820, 
tweut}--second  in  18:30,  seventeenth  in  1840, 
fifteenth  in  1850,  fourteenth  in  1860,  eighteenth 
in  1870  and  1880,  and  twenty-first  in  1890. 
Total  population  1800,8,850:  1810,40,a=52:  1820, 
75,448;  1830,136,621;  1840,375,0.51;  1850,606,-526; 
1860,  791, ;305;  1870,827,922;  1880,1,131.597;  1890, 
1,289,600.  Classification:  Male,  649,687;  female, 
6;39,913:  native,  1,281,&48;  foreign,  7952;  white, 
544,851;  colored,  744,749  — Africans,  742,559; 
Chinese,  147:  Japanese,  7;  Indians,  2,030. 

PRINCIPAL     CITIES Vicksburg,    the 

metropolis  and  chief  commercial  cit}',  popu- 
lation, 13,373;  Meridian,  a  prominent  railwaj' 
center,  number  of  inhabitants,  10,024;  Natchez, 
an  important  cotton  market,  population, 
10.101;  Jackson,  the  capital,  population,  5,920. 

AGRICULTDKE — Chief  industry,    more 


than  80  per  cent,  of  working  population  en- 
gaged in  it.  State  second  only  to  Texas  as  a 
cotton  producer.  Crops  of  1891':  Cotton,  1,265,- 
000  bales;  corn,  29,665,000  bushels;  oats,  3,747,- 
000  bushels.  Latest  reports  give  product  of 
rice,  52,000,000  pounds;  sweet  potatoes,  5,000,- 
000  bushels.  Strawberries,  melons,  and  vege- 
tables largely  cultivated  for  Northern  markets. 

RAILAVAYS — First  railroads  built  1840; 
number  of  miles  in  operation,  1844.  26;  1850, 
75;  1855,  278;  1860,  862;  1865,  898;  1870,  990; 
1875,  1,018;  1880,  1,127;  1885,  1,920;  1891,  2,471. 

EDUCATION.— Number  pupils  in  public 
schools,  1890,  a50,619— 193,000  colored,  or  over 
55  per  cent,  of  total;  21.383  in  private  schools. 
School  age,  5-21.  State  Normal  school  at 
Holly  Springs.  State  has  4  colleges.  L'ni- 
versity  of  Mississippi,  Oxford,  organized  1844. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  July  4, 
Thanksgiving,  and  December  25. 

POLITICAI State   elections   biennial. 

State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elections 
Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November ; 
number  of  Senators,  45;  Representatives,  133; 
se.ssions  biennial  in  even-numbered  years, 
meets  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; limit  of  session,  none;  term  of  Senators 
and  Representatives,  4  years.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  9;  number  voters,  271.080. 
Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of 
State  2  years,  of  precinct  1  year;  registration 
required.  Idiots,  insane,  criminals,  Indians 
not  taxed,  and  delinquent  tax-payers  excluded. 

LEGAL. —  Statutes  of  limitation  :  Judg- 
ments, 7  years;  open  accounts,  3;  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  6;  by  contract,  10. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.  Area,  .(,.L' 

Sq.  Mis.  ■'^'^• 

Adams,  P-3 400  26,031 

Alcorn,  A-12....  410  13,115 

Amite,  Q-5 700  18,198 

Attala,  1-8 750  22,213 

Jienton,  B-IO..-.  436  10,585 

Bohvar,  F-4  ....  876  29.980 

Calhoun,  F-9 600  14,688 

Carroll,  H-7....  615  18.773 

Chickasaw.  F-11  520  19,8  H 

Choctaw,  HI  0.-  404  10,847 

Claiborne,  N-4..  452  14,.516 

Clarke,  N-11----  660  15,826 

Clay,  G-11 420  18,607 

Coahoma,  D-5..  500  18,342 

Copiah,  N-6 760  30, 233 

Covington,  0-8  -  570  8,299 

De  Soto.  A-7...-  480  24,18;B 

FrankUn,  P-4.-.  550  10,424 

Greene,  Q-11.--.  820  3,900 

Grenada,  F  8.  ..  430  14.974 

Hancock,  T-8-..  549  8,318 

Harrison,  S-10  .  990  12,481 

Hinds,  M-7 870  39,279 

Holmes,  1-7 750  30,970 

Issaquena,  K-4..  370  12,318 

Itawamba,  D-13.  540  11,708 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  .r,(i/ 
Sq.  Mis,   ^^•^• 

Jackson ,  S-1 1 . . .  1  072  1 1 ,251 

Jasper,  N-10 720  14,785 

Jefferson.  0-4  ..    490  18,947 

Jones.  P-10 680  8,aS3 

Kemper,  K-12  ..    740  17,961 

LaFayette,  C-9  .    720  20,553 

Lauderdale,  L-11    680  29,661 

Lawrence,  P-7--    6:30  12.318 

Leake,  J  9 .560  14,803 

Lee,  D-11 470  20,040 

Leflort^,  G-6...-    660  16,869 

Lincoln,  P-6       .    570  17,912 

Lo^Tides,  H-12  .    .5:36  27,047 

Madison,  K-7.--    720  27,321 

Marion,  Q-8 1 .055  9,532 

Marshall,  B-9..-    720  26,043 

Monroe,  F-12...    770  30.730 

Montgomerj-,  G-8  395  14,459 

Neshoba.  K-IO..    560  11,146 

Newton,  L-IO...    576  16,625 

Noxubee,  1-12  ..    608  27.338 

Oktibbeha,  H-11    460  17,6^ 

Panola,  D-7 680  26,977 

Pearl  River.  S-9 .    666  2,9.57 

Perry,  Q-IO.  ...1,116  6,494 


Land 

Coimties.        Area, 

Sq.  Mis 

Pike,  Q-G.J 720 

Pontotoc,  D-10..  5:30 
Prentiss,  B-12  .  415 
Quitman,  D-6...    400 

Rankin,  M-7 755 

Scott,  L-9 600 

Sharkey,  J-5 425 

Simpson,  N-7...    580 

Smith,  N-9 6:30 

Sunflower,  G-5  .  720 
Tallahatchie,E-7   6^5 

Tate,  B-7 390 

Tippah.  B-11..-.  490 
Tishomingo.  B-13  435 

Timica.  C-6 450 

Union,  C-10 424 

Warren,  L-5 590 

Washington,  H-5  880 
Wayne,  O-ll.'...  775 
Webster,  G9-..  430 
Wilkinson,  Q-3  .  592 
Winston,  I-IO...  640 
Yalobusha,  E-8.    472 

Yazoo,  1-6 .1,020 

Total 46,340  1. 


Pop. 
1890. 

21,203 
14,940 
1:3,679 

3,286 
17,922 
11,740 

8,382 
10,138 
10,635 

9,;384 
14,361 
19,253 
12,951 

9,302 
12,158 
15,606 
33,164 
40,414 

9,817 
12,060 
17.592 
12,089 
16,629 
36,394 
289  600 


62 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


63 


LOUISIANA. 


Loo-ee-ze-ah'na. 
"Pelican  State." 


Named  in  honor  of  Louis  XIV.  of  France. 


HISTORICAL — First  visited  by  De  Soto  in 
1541.  New  Orleans  founded  1718.  Territory 
of  Orleans  organized  March  3,  1805:  admitted 
into  the  Uuion,  April  30,  1812:  the  fifth  State 
to  enter.    State  seceded  18(31 ;  re-admitted  1868. 

AREA,  ETC. -48,720  square  miles:  land 
area,  45,420  square  miles;  water.  3,300  square 
miles.  Extreme  length,  east  and  west,  300 
miles;  breadth,  240  miles:  Mississippi  River 
flows  through  nud  along  the  border  for600  miles. 
Internal  water  communication,  2,500  miles. 

CLI3IA.TE.— Temperature  at  N-w  Orleans: 
Mean  winter,  54°,  extreme,  13°;  summer,  83", 
extreme,  97°.  Shreveport,  winter,  45°,  extreme, 
1°;  summer,  83°,  extreme,  107.  Average  an- 
nual rainfall:  New  Orleans,  64  inches;  Shreve- 
port. 52.2  inches. 

POPULATION.  -Louisiana  ranked  eight- 
eenth in  1810,  seventeenth  in  1820,  nineteenth 
in  laSO  and  1840,  eighteenth  in  1850.  seven- 
teenth in  1860,  twentv-first  in  1870,  twenty- 
second  in  ISSO",  and  twenty-fifth  in  1890.  Total 
population  in  1810,  76,5.56;  1820,  1.52.923;  1830, 
21.5,739;  laiO.  :352,411;  18.50.  .517,762;  1860,708,002; 
1870,  726,915;  1880,  939.946;  1890.  1,118.587. 
Classification:  Male,  .5.59..3.50;  female,  .5.59,237; 
native,  1,068,  840;  foreign,  49.747:  white.  .5.58,395; 
colored,  .560.192— Africans,  .5.59,193;  Chinese, 
3SS;  Japanese.  .39:  Indians,  627. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES — New  Orleans,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  the  Gulf  States, 
chief  cotton  market  of  the  country,  population, 
242,0.39;  Shreveport.  an  export  point  for  cotton 
and  cattle,  population,  11  979;  Baton  Rouge, 
the  capital,  population,  10,478. 

AGRICULTLR.AI..— Prominent  as  an  agri- 
cultural State.  Ranks  first  in  production  of 
sugar  and  mola.sses.  Sugar-cane  first  culti- 
vated In  United  States  near  New  Orleans,  1751 ; 
first  sugar  mill  used  1758.    Leading  products, 


1891:  Cotton,  .590,000  bales;  sugar,  49.5,000,000 
pounds;  molasses,  2.5,000,000  gallons;  corn,  18,- 
725,000  bushels.  Latest  reports  give  the  rice 
crop  as  74.750,000  pounds.  Number  animals 
on  farms,  1891.  1.. 571,610,  value,  $22,714,-336. 

HORTICULTURE.-All  fruits  of  the  tem- 
perate and  some  of  the  tropic  zone  thrive. 
Total  number  tropic  and  semi-tropic  fruit  and 
nut  trees,  281,410:  Bearing  trees— .54,000 
pecans,  6,477  orange,  4,391  madeir  i  nut.  4.051 
fig.  Yield,  in  1889:  Figs,  165.000  pounds; 
madeira  nuts,  16:3,800  povmds;  pecan,  4,400,000 
pounds;  orange,  2,208,7.50  boxes. 

RAILWAYS.— Number  of  miles  of  railway 
in  operation  in  1835  and  1K40.  40:  1850,  80;  18.5.5, 
203;  1860  and  1865.  .3:35;  1870,  479;  1875.  539; 
1880,  6.52;  188.5.  1,370;    1890.   1,749;   1891,   1,903. 

EDUCATION — School  age,  6-18.  Number 
pupils  in  public  schools,  1890,  "124,370.  State 
Normal  school.  Nateliitoches.  PupUs  in  pri- 
vate schools,  25,105.      State  has  12  colleges. 

POLITICAL.— State  elections  biennial, 
third  Monday  in  April:  congressional  and  presi- 
dential elections,  Tut-sday  after  first  Montlay 
in  November;  number  of  Senators,  ;i8;  Repre- 
sentatives, 98:  term.  4  years.  Sessions  biennial, 
in  even-numbered  years;  meets  second  Mcjii- 
day  in  May;  limit  of  session,  60  days.  Number 
of  electoral  votes.  8;  number  voters.  2.50,5«J3. 
Voters  must  be  citizens  or  declared  intentions, 
residents  of  St^.te,  1  year,  of  county.  6  months, 
of  precinct,  :30  days;  registration  required. 
Idiots,  insane,  and  criminals  excluded. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1  and  8, 
February  22.  Good  Friday.  March  4  July  4, 
December  25,  and  3Iardi  Gras 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation: 
ments,  10  yenr  ;  open  accounts,  3  years: 
5  years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  2 
Legal  interest  rate,  5;  by  contract.  8. 


Judg- 
;  notes, 
years. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.         Area,  fojE' 
Sq.  Mis.    ^^^• 

Acadia,  K  8 630  1.3,2:51 

Ascension,  L-13.    .324  19,545 

Assumption, M-12  335  19,629 

Avoyelle.s.  H-9.-    a58  25,112 

Bienville,  C-6.-.    855  14,108 

Bossier,  B- 5 780  20,330 

Caddo,  C-4 825  .31.5.55 

Calcasieu.  K-6  -.3,410  20,176 

Caldwell,  D-9  ...    548  5,814 

Cameron,  M-6- .  .1,552  2,828 

Catahoula,  F-9..  1,380  12,002 

Claiborne,  A-7  ..    800  2.3,312 

Concordia.  G-10.    680  14,871 

DeSoto,  D-4 865  19,860 

E.Ba'.Rouge  J-12  4.50  25.922 

E.  Carroll,  B-12  .    400  12..362 

E.  Feliciana.  L12   485  17,903 

Franklin,  D-10.-    600  6,900 

Grant,  F-8 646  8,270 

Iberia,  M-10 580  20,997 

Iberville,  K-11...    650  21,848 


Land  p 

Coimties.        Area,  iaiy^' 
Sq.  Mis.    ^^^• 

Jackson,  C-8 580  7,453 

Jefferson,  N-15..    .31*0  13,221 

Lafayette,  L-9.-    264  15,966 

Lafourche,  N-14  1,020  22,095 

Lincoln,  B-7 485  14,753 

Livingston,  K-13    620  5,769 

Madison.  C-12-..    664  14.135 

Morehouse,  B-10     845  16,786 

Natchitoches,F-6 1,285  25,^36 

Orleans.  L-15--.    187  242,039 

Ouachita,  C-9.-.    644  17,985 

Plaquemines  N-16  930  12.541 

Pte.  Coupee.  J-11    580  19,613 

Rapides,  H-8.-- -1,495  27,642 

Red  River,  D-5--    386  11,318 

Richland,  C-10..    .575  10.230 

Sabine.  F5  .-...1,010  9.390 

St.  Bernard, Ml 6    680  4.-326 

St.  Charles,  M-14   288  7,7-37 

St.  Helena,  1-13  .    420  8,062 

St.  James,  L-13  .    -300  15,715 


Land  p 
Counties.        Area,  z^2R' 
Sq.  Mis.    ^^^• 
St.  John  the  Bap- 
tist, L-14 195  11,-359 

St.  Landry,  J-9.. 1,700  40,2.50 

St.  Martin,  L-10.    620  14,884 

St.  Mary,  N-11--    640  22,416 
St.  Tammany, 

K-15 .'.   ..    915  10,160 

Tangipahoa,  J-14  780  12,655 

Tensas.  Ell 610  16,647 

Terrebonne.0-13  1800  20,167 

Union,  A-8 905  17,304 

Vermillion,  M-9  1,2:30  14,2-34 

Vernon.  H-6         1.540  5,903 

Washington,  1-15    660  6,700 

Webster.  B-5-.-.    609  12,466 
W.  Bat  on  Rouge, 

K-11. 210  8,-363 

West  Carroll  B-11  380  3,748 

W.Feliciana,  I-ll    365  15,062 

Winn,  E-8 960  7,082 

Total 45,420  1.118,587 


64 


HAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


65 


TENNESSEE. 


Ten-ne-see'. 
"Volunteer  State.'' 


Indian— signifies  " 

HISTORICAIi.  —A  trading  post  was  estab- 
lished at  French  Lick  (Nashville)  as  early  as 
1714.  First  colony  established  at  Fort  Loudon, 
on  Little  Tennessee  River,  1756;  Colonists  from 
North  Carolina  and  Virginia  located  on  Wa- 
tauga and  Holston  Rivers,  1769-70.  In,1789  be- 
came part  of  the  United  States  TeiTitory 
south  of  the  Ohio.  Organized  as  a  Territoiy, 
1794;  admitted  as  a  State  June  1,  1796,  the 
third  State  to  enter  the  Union.  Seceded  Feb- 
ruary,   1861:    re-admitted  February,  1870. 

AREA,  ETC.  — 42,050  square  miles;  land 
area,  41,750  square  miles;  water,  300  square 
miles.  State  natm-ally  divided  into  three  paits 
— East,  Middle,  and  West  Tennessee.  Extreme 
length,  432  miles ;  width,  109.  Elevation  ranges 
from  400  to  6,500  feet.  Ranks  among  the  first 
States  in  the  extent  and.importance  of  its  nav- 
igable waters.  Total  number  miles  of  navi- 
gable waters,  2,200,  or  more  than  five  times  its 
extreme  length,  or  twenty  times  its  width. 

C  LI  MATE — Temperature  at  Chattanooga: 
Mean  winter,  41°,  extreme,  —7°;  summer,  78", 
extreme,  101°;  Memphis,  winter,  40°,  extreme, 
— 8°;  summer,  81°,  extreme,  102°;  Nashville, 
winter,  38°,  extreme,  — 10°;  summer,  80°,  ex-, 
treme,  104°;  average  annual  rainfall,  Chat- 
tanooga, 56.5  inches;  Memphis,  53.3  inches; 
Nashville,  51.4  inches, 

POPULATION.— Tennessee  ranked  seven- 
teenth in  1790,  fifteenth  in  1800,  tenth  in  ISlU. 
ninth  in  1820,  seventh  in  1830,  fifth  in  1840  and 
1850,  tenth  in  1860,  ninth  in  1870,  twelfth  in 
1880,  and  thirteenth  in  1890.  Total  population, 
1790,  35,691;  1800,  105,602;  1810,  261,727;  1820, 
422,771;  1830,  681,904;  1840,  829.210;  1850,  1,002,- 
717;  1860,  1,109,801;  1870,  1,2.58,520;  1880,  1  542.-  | 
359;  1890,1,767.518.  Classification:  Male,  891,- 
585;  female,  875,933;  native,  1,747,489;  foreign, 
20,029;  white.  I,;i36,637;  colored,  430,881— .\iri- 
cans, 430,678;  Chinese,  51;  Japanese,  6;  Indians, 
146. 

PRINCIPAL.  CITJIES.  —  Nashville,  the 
capital  and  largest  city,  chief  center  of  manu- 
factures, population,  76,168;  ^Memphis,  most 
important  commercial  center,  population,  64,- 
495;  Chattanooga,  an  important  manufactur- 
ing city,  population,  29,100;  Knoxville,  center 
of  coaf  industry  and  marble  quarries  of  East 
Tennessee,  population,  22,535. 

AGRICULTURE.  —  Latest  reports  give 
leading  productions  as  follows:  Corn,  82,- 
552,000 bushels;  wheat.  11,626.000 bushels;  oats, 
5,960.000  bushels:  tobacco.  36.368,395  pounds: 
eoltou,  a45,000  bales;  hay,  321,070  tons.    State 


River  of  big  bend." 

ranks  third  in  production  of  peanuts,  annually 
produces  from  750,000  to  1.250,000  bushels 
Number  farm  animals  1890,  4.148,103,  value. 
$58,7.54,736:  horses  and  mules,  $37,779,285. 

MINER  \LS.  —  Principal  minerals:  Coal, 
iron,  copper,  zinc,  lead,  and  manganese.  Gold 
discovered  1831.  total  yield  to  1890,  S89,647. 
Iron  ore  exists  in  half  the  coimties  in  the  State ; 
number  mines,  19:  output,  1880,  93,272:  1890, 
473,294,  increase.  477.43  per  cent.  Coal  area: 
5,100  square  miles;  product  1889. 1,925,689  tons, 
value,  S2,.338,309.  Tennessee  marble  is  noted 
for  its  use  in  interior  decoration  and  f  iirnituie ; 
the  output  1889  was  valued  at  §419,467;  granite, 
sandstone,  and  slate  exist. 

MA  VUFACTURES.  —  Iron  manufactures 
coeval  with  settlement  of  the  State.  Furnaces 
were  erected  1790-95.  State  ranked  thiiteeuth 
in  pig  iron  in  1880.  ranked  seventh  in  1890 :  rani?? 
third  among  Southern  States:  production,  1890, 
290,747  tons;  increase  in  ten  years  507  percent. 
First  steei  produced  in  South  made  at  Chat-  i 
tanooga,  1878.  State  has  24  cotton  and  55  I 
woolen  mills.  | 

RAILWAYS.— First  raih-oad  begun—' 
Nashville  to  Chattanooga— 1848,  completed 
1853.  Number  of  miles  in  operation  1855,  466: 
1860,  1,253;  1865.  1.296;  1870,  1,492;  1875,  1,630: 
1880,  1,&43;  1885.  2,1.51;  1890.  2,798:  1891,  2,971.  | 
State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each  14.15 
square  miles. 

EDUCATION.  — Common  school  system 
existed  previous  to  Civil  War.  School  fund,  I 
$2,512,500.  School  age.  6-21;  number  pupils  in  ! 
public  schools  1890,  455.732.  State  Normal ' 
school,  Na.shville.  Pupils  in  private  schools.  ' 
44,218.  Niunber  colleges,  21.  University  of , 
Tennessee,  Knoxville,  organized  1794.  | 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.  —January  1,  July  4,  | 
Thanksgiving,  and  December  25.  ! 

POLITICAL.  — State   elections    biennial. 
State,  congressional, and  presidential  elections,  I 
Tuesday   after  first   Monday   in    November;  i 
number  of  Senators,  33:  Representatives,  99;  ' 
term,  2  years:  se.'^sions  biennial,  in  odd-iumi- 
bered  years,  meets  first  3Ionday  in  Januarj': 
limit  of  session,  75  days.    Number  of  electoral 
votes,  12:  number  voters,  402.476.   Voters  must  i 
be  actual  citizens,  residents  of  State  lyear,  of 
county  =6  months;    no  registration  required.  1 
Convicts  excluded.  || 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  3"ears;  open  accounts,  6;  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Legal  interest 
rate,  6. 


COUNTIES. 


Counties. 


Anderson,  B-12.. 
Bedford,  M-13... 

Benton,  K-8 

Bledsoe.  M-17 

Blount,  E-13.  .. 
Bradley,  P-18..-- 
Campbell,  A-12.  . 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 


360 
520 
412 
300 
614 
280 
488 


Pop. 

1890. 

15,128 
24,739 
11,230 
6,1:34 
17.589 
13.607 
13,486 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Cannon,  L-15 280 

Carroll,  L-6 600 

Carter.   B-19 298 

Cheatham,  J-11..  400 
Chester,  N-6.....  288 
Claiborne,  A-14.-  472 
Clay,  1-16 260 


Pop. 
1890. 

12,197 

23,630 

13,389 

8,845 

9.069 

15.103 

7,260 


Land 
Counties.         Area. 
Sq.  Mis. 

Cocke,  D-16 458 

Coffee,  N-15 360 

Crockett.  L-4..-.  260 
Cumberland,  L-18  576 
Davidson,  K-12...  508 

Decatur,  M-7 310 

Dekalb,  L-15 310 


Pop. 

1890. 

16,523 

13.827 

15.146 

5,376 

108,174 

8,995 

15,650 


m 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


COUNTIES-Continued. 


Land  p 

Counties.         Area,  -.cqV 

Sq.  Mis.  ■^^•^"• 

Dickson,  K-10     .-  620  13,645 

Dyer,  K-3 i-.  495  19,878 

Fayette,  0-3 630  28,878 

Fentress,   J-18---  510  5,226 

Franklin,  P-14...  570  18,929 

Gibson,  K-5 615  35,859 

Giles,  0-11. 656  34,957 

Grainger,  B-14...  294  13,195 

Greene,  C-16 580  26,614 

Grundy,  N-16....  410  6,345 

Hamblen,  B-15..  150  11,418 

Hamilton,  0-17-.  440  53,482 

Hancock.  A-15. ..  260  10,342 

Hardeman,  0-5..  640  21.029 

Hardin,  0  7 560  17,698 

Hawkins,  A-16--.  490  22,246 

Haywood,  M-4  .    570  23,558 

Henderson,  M-7.  -  530  16,336 

Henry,  1-7 .-  580  21,070 

Hickman,  M-lO..  648  14,499 

Houston,  J-9    ...  210  5,390 

Humphreys,  K-9.  420  11.720 

Jackson,  1-16  ....  280  13,325 

James,  0-18 210  4,903 

Jefferson,  C-14...  310  16,478 

Johnson,  A-19...  340  8.858 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  5q>K" 
Sq.Mls.     ^^■^"• 

Knox,  D-13 520  59,557 

Lake,  J-3 210  5,304 

Lauderdale,  M-2.  450  18,756 

Lawrence,  O-IO..  676  12,286 

Lewis,  N-10 280  2,555 

Lincoln,  P-13-...  540  27,382 

Loudon,  Ell..--  256  9,273 

McMinn,  N-19 .  - . .  452  17,890 

McNairy,  0-6--..  550  15,510 

Macon,  M5 332  10,878 

Manison,  M-5....  520  30,497 

Marion,  O-l 6....     500  15,411 

Marshall,  N-12..    350  18,906 

Maury,  N-11 600  38,112 

Meigs,  N-19 200  6,930 

Monroe,   F-12..-.  580  15,329 

Montgomery,  I-IO  540  29,697 

Moore,    0-14 170  5,975 

Morgan,  K-19..--  448  7,639 

Obion,  J-4 540  27,273 

Overton,  J-17-.-.  360  12,039 

Perry,  M-8 420  7,785 

Pickett,  1-18 240  4,736 

Polk,  P-19     400  8,361 

Putnam,  K-17...-  430  13,683 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  ^2S,' 
Sq.Mls.    1^^- 

Rhea,  M-18 360  12,647 

Roane,  L-20 450  17,418 

Robertson,  1-12..  536  20,078 

Rutherford,M-13.  580  35,097 

Scott,   1-19 620  9,794 

Sequatchie,  N-17-  252  3,027 

Sevier,  D-14 560  18,761 

Shelby,  0-2 728     112,740 

Smith,  K-15. 368  18,404 

Stewart,  L9 500  12.193 

SuUivan,  A-19....  410  20,879 

Sumner,  M3 536  23,668 

Tipton,  N-2 404  24,271 

Trousdale,   1-14  .  166  5,850 

Unicoi,   C-18 196  4,619 

Union,  B-13 220  11,459 

VanBuren,  M-17-  322  2,863 

Warren,  M-15....  446  14,413 

Washington,  B-18  344  20,354 

Wayne,  0-9 .720  11,471 

Weakley,  J-6.-..  620  28,955 

White,  L-17 390  12,348 

Williamson.  L-12.  550  26,321 

Wilson,  K- 14 536  27,148 

Total 41,750  1,767,518 


KENTUCKY.    "  "-o^--  «'■''-•• 

Indian  origin— At  the  head  of  the  River. 


HISTORICAL,.  —  Earliest  explorations 
made  by  John  Findlay,  1767.  First  visited  by 
Daniel  Boone,  1769.  Harrodsbm'g,  first  settle- 
ment, founded  1774;  Boonesboro  laid  out  April, 
1775.  In  1775  the  local  government  of  Transyl- 
vania was  organized.  From  1776  to  1790  it 
was  claimed  by  Virginia.  In  1790  became 
part  of  the  new  United  States  Territory  south 
of  the  Ohio.  Admitted  as  a  State  Jime  1,  1792. 
The  second  admitted  after  the  organization  of 
the  Government.  Four  constitutions,  1792, 
1800.  1850,  and  1891. 

AREA,  ETC.— 40,400  square  miles;  land 
area,  40,000;  water,  400;  length  from  east  to 
west,  458  miles;  extreme  width,  171  miles. 
Average  elevation  over  1,000  feet;  813  miles  of 
boundary  consist  of  navigable  rivers;  has 
4,000  miles  of  navigable  waters,  1,500  navigable 
at  all  stages.  Entire  river  system  of  Missis- 
sippi Valley  centers  In  State.  Among  interest- 
ing points  are  the  numerous  caverns,  the  best 
known  being  Mammoth  Cave  in  Edmonson 
County. 

CL.I3IATE.  —  Temperatuite  at  Louisville: 
Mean  winter.  34°,  extreme,—  20° ;  summer,  79°, 
extreme,  105°.  Average  annual  rainfall,  46.9 
inches. 

POPULATION Kentucky  ranked  four- 
teenth in  jjopulation  in  1790,  ninth  in  1800, 
seventh  in  1810,  sixth  in  1820,  1830,  and  1840, 
eighth  in  1850,  ninth  in  1860,  eighth  in  1870 
and  1880,  and  eleventh  in  1890.  Total  popula- 
tion 1790,  73,677;  1800,  220,955;  1810  406,511; 
1820,  564,135;  1830,  687,917;  1840,  779,328;  1850, 
982,405;    1860,   1,155,684;    1870,    1,321  311;    1880, 


1,648,690;  1890, 1,858,635.  Classification:  Male, 
942,758;  female,  915,877;  native,  1,799,279; 
foreign,  59,356;  white,  1,-590,462;  colored, 
268,173— Africans,  268,071;  Chinese,  28;  Jap- 
anese, 3;  Indians,  71. 

PKIKCIPAL     CITIES Louisville,    the 

metropolis  and  chief  commercial  city,  one  of 
the  largest  tobacco  markets  in  the  world, 
population.  161,129;  increase  dm-ing  past  dec- 
ade, 37,371  or  30.20  per  cent.;  Covington  and 
Newport,  opposite  Cincinnati,  populations, 
37,371  and  24,918;  Lexington,  former  capital, 
founded  1776,  incorporated  1782,  population, 
21,567;  Frankfort,  the  capital,  population, 
7,892;  Louisville  and  Paducah.  ports  of  entry. 

AGRICULIUKE.  —  Products  widely 
varied;  mo.st  prominent  tobacco,  cei'eals,  and 
hemp.  Ranks  first  in  tobacco,  yield  in  1889, 
221,880,303  pounds,  value,  $34,844,449;  leaf 
tobacco  has  netted  growers  from  1856-86, 
S267,000,000.  Corn  crop  1891. 82,795,000  bushels, 
value,  $33,117,984;  wheat,  13,181,000  bushels, 
value,  $11,862,854;  oats,  8,175,000  bushels, 
value,  $9,412,735.  State  ranks  first  in  hemp, 
produces  93.77  of  the  total  yield;  acreage  1889, 
23,468,  tons,  10.794,  value,  $1,045,081. 

LIVE  STOCK.— State  has  a  large  amount 
of  capital  invested  in  live  stock;  much  atten- 
tion is  given  to  the  breeding  of  fine  cattle, 
horses,  and  mules.  State  especially  famous 
for  the  speed  of  its  trotting  and  running 
horses.  Number  horses  on  f  rms  1891,  402,373, 
value,  $27,890,626;  mules.  151,026,  value,  $10,- 
472,211;  milch  cows,  320,264,  value,  $6,965,742; 
cattle,  467,060,  value,  $7*923,866;  sheep,  773,336, 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


67 


value,  $2,456,889;  swice,  2,546,208,  value,  $9,- 
066,686. 

MINERALS — The  coal  areas  of  the  State 
cover  14,000  square  miles.  Cannel  coal  mined 
in  Kentucky  is  among  the  best  known.  Out- 
put of  coal  mines  1889.  2,399.755,  value,  $2,374,- 
339.  Total  number  iron  mines  1889,  6;  output, 
77,487  tons,  value,  $133,559.  State  ranks  third 
as  a  producer  of  carbc  nate  ores.  Lead,  zinc, 
marls,  limestone,  and  sandstone  exist. 

MANUFACTURES.— State  occupies  four- 
teenth place  among  iron-manufacturing 
States;  production  of  pig-iron,  1890, 44,199  tons. 
State  has  45  establishments  engaged  in  the  wool 
industry;  capital  i:ivested,$2,^  383,  employes. 
2,042,  value  of  products  1890,  §2.784.768.  In 
1890  it  ranktd  first  in  production  of  distilled 
spirits.  Distilleries  numbered  over  500  and 
produced  36.373,767  gallons. 

RAILWAYS.—  First  railway  —  Lexington 
to  Frankfort— begun  October,  1831.  completed 
1835.  Number  of  miles  in  operation  1835,  15: 
1840,  28;  ia50,  78;  1855,  242:  1860,  534;  1865, 
567;  1870.  1,017;  1875,  1,326;  1880,  1.530;  1885, 
2.000;  1890,  2,946;  1891,  2,976. 


EDUCATION.— A  public  school  system 
framed  1838,  present  system  came  into  force 
1873.  Pubhc  school  age,  6-20.  Pupils  enrolled 
in  pubhc  sciiools,  1890,  407,567:  in  j^rivate 
schools,  :38.924.  Transj'lvania  University  (now 
Kentucky  University),  Lexington,  foimded 
1798.      Number  colleges  in  State.  17. 

LEGAL,  HOLIDAYS.- January  1,  Feb- 
ruary 2*^,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  December  25, 
and  public  fast  daj'S. 

POLITICAL. —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elections, 
Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November; 
number  of  Senators,  38;  Representatives,  100; 
sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  years, 
hmit  of  session.  60  days;  term  of  Senators,  4 
j^ears;  Representatives,  2  years.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  13;  number  voters.  4.50,792. 
Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of 
State  2  years,  county  1  year,  pi*eciuct  60  days; 
no  registration  required.     Convicts  excluded. 

LEOAL. — Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 15  years:  open  accounts,  5:  notes,  15: 
redemption  of  tax  sales.  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  6;  by  contract,  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  t^^' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^*^^- 

Adair,  K-12 400  13,721 

Allen,  M-10 335  13,692 

Anderson  H-13.-  200  10,610 

Ballard,  L-1 250  8,390 

Bari-en.  L-10 445  21,490 

Bath,  G-16 270  12.813 

Bell,  M-17 350  10,312 

Boone,  D-14 270  12,246 

Bourbon,  G-15...  244  16,976 

Boyd,  F-20 180  14.033 

Boyle,  M4 180  12,948 

Bracken.  E-16  ...  200  12,369 

Breathitt.  M8  . .  450  8,705 

Breckinridge,  1-9  520  18,976 

Bullitt,  H-12-..-     272  8,291 

Butler,  K-8 452  1:3,956 

Caldwell,  K-5.-.-  315  13,186 

Calloway,  N -4...  454  14,675 

Campbell,  D-15..  140  44,208 

Carlisle,  L-1 190  7,612 

Carroll,  E-1 3-..-     165  9,266 

Carter,  F-1 9 544  17,204 

Casey,  K-13. 444  11,848 

Christian,  L-6----  708  54,118 

Clark,  H-15 260  15,434 

Clay,  K-17 580  12,447 

Clinton,  M-13...-  220  7,047 

Crittenden,  J-4.-  340  13,119 

Cumberland,L-12  315  8,452 

Daviess,  L7 410  33,120 

Edmonson,  K-9. .  ;348  8,005 

Elliott,  G-18 .^0  9.214 

Estill,  H-16 250  10,836 

Fayette.  H-15-.--  252  35,698 

Fleming,  F-17.--  340  16,078 

Floyd,  L20 410  11,256 

Franklm,  F-14    .  200  21,267 

Fulton,  N-1. 190  10.005 

Gallatin.  D-14.--.  130  4  611 

Garrard.  L14..-.  225  11,138 

Grant,  E-14 280  12,671 


Land  p 

Coimties.        Area,  ,  ^  J , 
Sq.  Mis.    ^"^• 

Graves.  M-3 550  28,534 

Grayson,  J-9 570  18.688 

Green,  K-12 275  11,463 

Greenup,  F-1 9.--  352  11,911 

Hancock,  H-8.--  200  9,214 

Hardin,  MO--...-  580  21.304 

Harlan.  L-19..-.  410  6,197 

Harrison,  F-15.      315  16,914 

Hart.  K-11 410  16,4:39 

Henderson,  L6-.  472  29..5.36 

Henry,  F-13 272  14,104 

Hickman,  M-1..-  240  11.637 

Hopkins,  K-6----  550  23.505 

Jackson.  J-16..--  305  8,261 
Jr^flFerson,  G-11--  375     188,598 

Jessamine,  H-15.  162  11.248 

Johnson,  H-1 9...  300  11,027 

Kenton,  D-15--.-  152  54,161 

Ivnott,  J-19 365  5.438 

Knox,  L-1 6- 350  1:3,762 

Larue,  I-l  1 260  9,4*3 

Laurel,  K-16 4.50  13,747 

Lawrence,  G-20  .  465  17.702 

Lee,  M7 228  6,205 

Leslie,  K-18 420  3.964 

Letcher,  K-19---  310  6,920 

Lewis.  E-18 450  14,803 

Lincoln,  J-14    . ..  328  15.962 

Livmgston,  K-3.-  360  9,474 

Logan.  L-8 544  2:3,812 

Lvon,  L-4 275  7,628 

McCracken,  L-2  .  250  21,051 

McLean,  J-6 256  9,887 

Madison,  M5---.  385  24.348 

Magoffin.  H-19...  300  9,196 

Marion.  J-12 a36  1.5.648 

Marshall,  M-3-.-  330  11,287 

Martin,  H-20  -...  235  4.209 

Mason,  E-17 225  20,773 

3Ieade,  H-10 332  9.484 

Menifee,  H-17---  150  4,666 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  to,^" 

Sq.Mls.  ^^'*^- 

Mercer,  H-13  .-.     2.50  15,034 

Metcalfe,  L-11.-.  410  9,871 

Monroe,  M-11----  272  10,989 
Montgomery, 

G-16 200  12.367 

Morgan.  H-18.--.  288  11,249 
Muhlenberg, 

K-7 484  17,9.55 

Nelson,  H-12 :380  16,417 

Nicholas,  F-16..-  li»0  10,764 

Ohio,  J-8 610  22,946 

Oldham,  F-12--.-  170  6,754 

Owen,  F  14 312  17,676 

Owsley,  J-17 176  .5,975 

Pendleton,  E-15.-  310  16.546 

Perry,  J-18 448  6,3:31 

Pike,  J-20 780  17,378 

Powell,  H-17  ---.  144  4,698 

Pulaski,  K-14..-.  870  2.5,731 

Robertson,  E-16     210  4,084 

Rockcastle.  J-15.  280  9,841 

Rowan,  G-18 320  6,129 

RusseU,  L-13.-..     260  8,136 

Scott,  F-14 272  16,546 

Shelby,  G-12 405  16,521 

Simpson,  M-9.-.  320  10.878 

Spencer.  H-12  .--  200  6,760 

Tavlor,  J  12 270  9,a53 

Todd,  L-7 360  16,814 

Trigg,  M-5 425  13,902 

Trimble,  E-12.--.  155  7,140 

Union.  15 380  18,229 

Warren,  L-9 530  30,1.58 

Washington,  1-12  300  13,622 

Wayne,  M-14.-..  .590  12,852 

Webster,  J-6  ---.  340  17.196 

Whitley.  31-16.-.  580  17..590 

Wolfe.  H-17 190  7,180 

Woodford,  G-14  .  247  12,380 

Total 40,000  1,858.635 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


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RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


OHIO. 


O-hi'o. 

'♦  Buckeye  State. 


Indian— Beautiful. 


HISTORICA  li.— Earliest  explorations 
matle  by  the  French.  In  1748,  English  traders 
e.stablished  themselves  near  present  site  of 
Piqua.  First  permanent  settlement  made  at 
Marietta,  1788;  Columbia  established,  1788; 
Losantiville  and  Fort  Washington,  1789;  the 
three  now  uicluded  in  Cincinnati.  Became 
part  of  Northwest  Territory.  1787;  act  admit- 
ting State  ratified  Nov.  29,  180i;  approved  by 
U  S.  Feb.  19,  1803.  Fourth  State  to  enter  the 
Union  after  the  formation  of  the  Government. 

AKEA,  ETC — 41,060  square  miles;  land 
urea,  40,760  square  miles;  water,  300  square 
miles;  extreme  length,  east  and  west,  2.5 
miles;  breadth,  210  miles.  Highest  elevation 
in  the  State,  H  'gues  Hill,  1, .540  feet;  average 
elevation,  750  feet.  Commerce  largely  facih- 
tated  by  the  extent  of  lake  and  river  frontage; 
coast-line  on  Lake  Erie,  230  miles ;  Ohio  River 
frontage,  436  milis:  it  has  a  number  of  im- 
portant trilnitaries.  A  nvunber  of  those  flow- 
ing i.  to  Lake  Ei-ie  have  been  improved,  and 
their  mouths  afford  harbor  facilities;  Mus- 
kingum is  navigable  for  nearly  100  miles.  Cin- 
cinnati, Cleveland,  Sandusky,  and  Toledo  are 
ports  of  entry;  in  addition  there  are  a  number 
of  lake  ports. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Cincinnati: 
Mean  winter,  33°,  extreme,  —12°;  summer, 
78°,  extreme,  104°.  Columbus,  winter,  28°, 
extreme,  —20°;  summer,  75°,  extreme,  103°. 
Toledo,  winter,  26°.  extreme,  —16°;  summer, 
74°,  extreme,  99°.  Average  annual  rainfall, 
Cincinnati.  41  inches;  Columbus,  39.3  inches; 
Toledo,  31.8  inches. 

POPULATION — Ohio  ranked  eighteenth 
in  1800,  thirteenth  in  1810,  fifth  in  1820,  fourth 
in  1830,  third  in  1840,  18.50,  1860,  1870,  and  1880, 
and  fourth  in  1890.  Total  population,  1800, 
45,365;  1810,  2:30,760;  1820,  581,295;  1830,  937,903; 
ISIO,  1,519,467;  18.50,  1,980,;329;  1860,  2,339,511; 
1870.  2,665,260;  1880,  3,198,062;  1890,  3,672,316. 
Classification:  Male,  1,855,736;  female,  1,816,- 
580:  native,  3,213,023;  foreign,  459,293;  white, 
3,.'J34,805;  colored,  87,511 — Africans,  87,113; 
Chinese,  183:  Japanese,  22;  Indians,  193. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  ^  -  Cincinnati,  the 
metropolis  of  Sonthwestern  Ohio,  founded 
1788;  population,  296,908.  Cleveland,  the  me- 
tropolis of  Northern  Ohio,  laid  out  1796;  has 
one  of  the  finest  harbors  on  the  lake;  popula- 
tion, 261.3.53.  Columbus,  the  capital,  laid  out 
1812;  incorporated,  1814;  prominent  railroad 
center;  population,  88,150.  Toledo,  Sandusky, 
Cleveland,  and  Cincinnati  are  ports  of  entrj'. 

URBAN  POPULATION.— Seventy  cities 
have  a  population  of  4,000  or  more;  aggregate 
population,  1,387,-572.  In  1880,  but  46  cities 
had  this  population,  the  aggregate  being  89-',- 
112,  an  increase,  in  cities  of  this  size,  of  55.54 
per  cent.  Greatest  numerical  increase  in 
Cleveland— 101,207,  or  63.20  per  cent.;  Cincin- 
nati, the  largest  city,  shows  an  increase  of 
41,769,  or  16.37  per  cent. 

>AGRICULTURE  —State  ranks  high  in 
cereal  production  and  stock-raising.  Latest 
reports  give  grain  iii-oducts,  in  bushels:  Corn, 


94,092,000;  wheat,  45,531,000:  oats,  28,523,000; 
rye,  892.256;  buckwheat,  122,422.  Other  prod- 
ucts: Potatoes,  11,361  606  bushels;  sweet  po- 
tatoes, 95,612;  hay,  2,009,179  tons;  tobacco, 
37.853,563  pounds;  flax-seed,  150,127  pounds: 
fiber,  6,838,555  pounds;  honey,  1,933,628 pounds; 
wool,  18,287,869  pounds.  Total  value  of  farm 
uroducts  of  all  kinds,  $198,000,000. 
'  HORTICULTURE,  ETC.- Ohio  has  393 
nurseries,  valued  at  $3,159,358;  capital  in- 
vested, $4,178,518 ;  acres  under  trees  and 
l^lants,  11,695  —  more  than  one-fifth  under 
apples ;  next  in  importarice,  plums,  peai's, 
cherries,  and  peaches,  etc.  State  has  32  seed- 
farms,  comprising  19,048  acres,  total  value, 
^2  110,000.  In  viticulture,  Ohio  occupies  third 
place;  area  in  bearing  vines,  28,087  acres;  new 
vineyards.  4,956  acres;  grapes  soM  for  table 
use,  1890,  77,894,000  pounds;  wine  made,  1,934, 
833  gallons.  Among  American  vintages,  Ohio 
wines  rank  high.  Orchard  products,  in  bush- 
els, 1891:  Apples,  11,431,068;  peaches,  735,323; 
pears,  230,136;  cherries.  108,326;  plums,  19.S74. 
Number  Of  florist  establishments,  393,  value, 
$^590,228;  plant  sales,  $1,051,058;  cut  flowers, 
$586,278. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Ranks  among  the  first 
States  in  thoroughljred  cattle  and  the  produc- 
tion of  pork.  Number  and  value  of  farm 
animals,  1891:  Horses,  888,4.8,  $66,658,761; 
mules,  18,947,  $1,546,195;  milch  cows,  783,403, 
$19,585,075;  cattle,  871,662,  $19,559  404;  sheep, 
4,468,087,  $14,724,581;  swine,  2,851,228,  $13,- 
258.212. 

MINERALS.— Principal  minerals,coal,iron, 
glass-sand,  sandstone.limestone,  clays,  salt,oil, 
and  gas.  Coal  area,  lOiOOO  square  miles;  regular 
mines,  323,  local,  1,745;  output,  1889,  9,976,787 
tons,  value,  $9  355,400.  Among  iron-producing 
States,  Ohio  occupies  eleventh  place.  Number 
mines,  74;  output,  1889,  254,294  tons— all  car- 
bonate ore;  outranks  all  other  States  in  this 
production,  contributing  more  than  one-half 
the  total  output.  State  has  $2,953,750  capital 
invested  in  natural  gas  industiy,  value  of  gas 
supplied  and  used,  1880.  $1,1J0,997;  coal  dis- 
placed, 1,660,4.56  tons,  value,  $5,123,569.  Ohio 
ranks  second  as  a  producer  of  petroleum; 
production,  1889,  12,471,466  baiTels,  value, 
$2,173,995. 

SANDSTONE  AND  LIMESTONE.  — 
Sandstone  underlies  more  than  half  the  State. 
As  a  producer,  Ohio  leads  all  others;  nmnber 
quarries,  192  ;  output,  1889,  16,016,258  cubic 
feet,  value,  $3,046,656,  or  nearly  one-thii"d  that 
of  total  yield.  Lunestone  deposits  almost 
equal  the  sandstone;  quarries  number  221, 
total  value  of  production,  $1,514,934;  9,754,989 
cubic  feet  quaiTied  for  bviilding ;  1,725.336 
barrels  of  lime  manufactiu-ed.  Clays  are 
worked  for  pottery,  earthenware,  and  brick. 

MANUFACTURES.— One  of  the  leading 
States  in  manufacturing  industries.  State  has 
12,354  large  industrial  establishments;  capital 
invested,  $185,127,506;  yearly  value  of  prod- 
ucts, $259,834,570.  Rolling-mills,  iron  manu- 
factories, glass  factories,  breweries,  and  dis- 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


73 


tilleries  are  represented.  State  manufactures 
one-fourth  of  all  agricultural  implements 
produced  in  the  cotmtrj',  annual  production 
nearly  Sl--i,0O0,0OO.  Largest  encaustic  tile 
factory  in  the  world  at  Zanesville.  There  are 
13;3  estabhshments  engaged  in  wool  industry; 
capital  invested,  §3,857, 8.S9  ;  employes,  3,865; 
value  of  products,  §3. 969,462. 

FISHERIES.  -  Ohio  occupies  first  place 
in  Lake  Erie  fisheries,  taking  two-thirds  of 
entire  j-ield.  State  has  27  vessels  of  43.970  tons 
engaged  in  the  industrv:  capital  emploved, 
Sl,207.166;  5'ield,  47,449.481  pounds,  value. 
1683,590.  Of  herring  alone  28,731,860  pounds 
are  taken,  value,  S -97,833. 

RAILWAY.  —  First  railroad  built  and 
operated  west  of  New  York—  Erie  &  Kalama- 
zoo, Toledo  to  Adrian,  Mich.,  constructed 
1836.  Number  miles,  1*40,  30;  1850,  575;  1855, 
1,486;  1860,2,946;  1865,3,3:31;  1870,3.5:38;  1875, 
4,461;  1880,5,792:  1885.  7.:304;  1890,7,98.8. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS.—  Educational 
institutions  for  deaf  and  dumb,  bhnd,  and 
feeble-minded  youth,  Columbus:  Industrial 
School  for  Boys,  near  Lancaster;  Industrial 
School  for  Girls  near  Delaware ;  W'orkuig 
Home  for  the  Blind,  Iberia  ;  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Oi*phans'  Home,  Sandusky;  Soldiers' 
and  Sailors"  Home.  Xenia  ;  Insane  a.sylums, 
Columbus,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland.  Athens, 
Dayton,  and  Toledo;  Ohio  Penitentiary,  Ca 
lumbus. 

EDUCATION.— One  of  the  earliest  States 
to  adopt  common  school  system.  Compulsory 
education  a  law.    School  age,  6-21.     Number 


!  school  districts.  2,185 ;  pupils  in  public  schools, 
549,269;  expejditures  for  the  year,  Sll.-.07,4ilO; 
numoei^Normal  schools,  10.  Pupils  in  private 
schools,  9:3,769  State  has  34  colleges.  40  acad- 
emies, 11  seminaries.  State  L'niversity  at  Co- 
lumbus; Ohio  L'niversitv  at  Athens. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  -May  :30.  July  4.  Labor  Day,  Thanks- 
giving, and  December  25. 

POSTAL.— Total  number  postofifices.  3.166: 
number  of  presidential  offices,  176  —  8  first 
class,  48  second  class,  120  third  class;  number 
fourth  class  offices,  2,990:  money  order.  6:30. 

CIVIL  AVAR.  —  (hio  furnished  31:3,180 
men -304,814  white  troops,  3.274  sailors  and 
marines,  5  09 .'  colored  troops :  aggregate 
number  deaths.  ;35,475.  State  has  75,498  pen 
sioners  ou  the  rolls. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections,  annual. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday'  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber: number  of  Senators.  31:  Representatives, 
107;  term,  2  years:  sessions  biennial  in  odd- 
numbered  years,  first  Monday  in  January; 
limit  of  session,  none.  Number  of  electoral 
votes,  23;  number  voters,  ]  016.464.  Voters 
must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of  State.  1 
year,  of  coimty,  ;30  days,  of  precinct  20  days: 
no  registration  required.  Idiots,  insane,  and 
convicts,  unless  restored  to  citizenship,  ex- 
cluded. 

LEGAL.—  Statutes  of  limitation  :  Judg- 
ments, 5  years:  open  accounts.  6:  notes,  15; 
redemption  of  tax  sales  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate.  6:  by  contract,  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis 

Adams,  P-8 488 

Allen.  F-5 447 

Ashland.  F-12  . .  437 
Ashtabula.  B  17  .  700 
Athens,  N-12....  485 

Auglaize,  G-5 398 

Belmont,  J-16 520 

Brown,  0-6 460 

Butler,  M-4 475 

Carroll,  G-16 401 

Champaign,  J-6 .  447 

Clarke,  J-7 393 

Clermont,  N-5...  496 

Clinton,  M-7 3tH 

Columbiana,  F-17  538 
Coshocton,  H-13  550 
Crawford,  G-9-..  393 
Cuyahoga,  C-14  .  480 

Darke.  1-4 600 

Defiance,  C-4  ...  414 
Delaware,  H-9-      452 

Erie,  D-11 260 

Fairfield,  K-10...  474 

Fayette,  L-8 398 

Franklin.  J-9...-  524 
Fulton,  B5        ..  40  3 

Gallia,  P-11 441 

Geauga,  C-IS....  400 

Greene,  L-6 416 

Guernsey,  J-14  ..  517 


Pop. 
18W. 

26,093 
40,(>44 
22  223 
43,6.55 
a5.194 
28.100 
57.413 
29,899 
48,597 
17,566 
26,980 
58.277 
3:3.. 5,5:3 
24.240 
59  029 
26,703 
31.927 

309.970 
42,961 
25.769 
27.189 
35,462 
3:3.9:39 
22.:309 

124.087 
22,023 
27.005 
1:3.489 
29.820 
28.645 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  ^qJ^' 
Sq.  3Ils.     ^^•^• 

Hamilton.  N-4...  400  374,573 

Hancock.  E-7 5:2  4J,.56:3 

Hardin.  G-7 425  28.9:39 

Harrison.  1-16  . . .  405  20.8:30 

Henry.  D-6 420  25,080 

Highland,  N-7-..  527  29,048 

Hocking,  M-11...  408  22,658 

Holmes,  G-t3.--.  4:36  21.1:39 

Huron,  E-10 480  31,949 

Jackson,  0-11  .   .  392  28.408 

Jefferson.  H-17..  4:35  39.415 

Knox,  111 527  27,600 

Lake,  B- 1 5 240  18,  -J-So 

Lawrence,  PH..  4:30  39,5.56 

Licking,  111.          685  43  279 

Logan,  H-7 448  27.386 

Lorain,  D-12  ....  5:30  40,295 

Lucas,  C-7 4-30  102.296 

Madison   J-8 465  20,057 

:\L^honing.  E-17  .  422  55.979 

Marion.  G-9 416  24,727 

Medina.  El  3  ....  420  21.742 

Meigs,  N-13 415  29.813 

:Mercer,  G-4 460  27.2-20 

31  iami.  J  5 ;396  39. 754 

Monroe.  L-16 468  25.175 

Jlontgomerv  K-5  480  100,852 

Morgan,  L-i3....  400  19.143 

Morrow,  H-IO...     4:32  18,120 

Muskingum,  K-13  651  51,210 


Li^iJ^l      Ton 
Counties.        Area,      ^^^' 
Sq  Mis. 

Noble.  K-14 415  20,7.53 

Ottawa  C-8 311  21,974 

Paulding.  E-4    ..  414  25,93 i 

Perrv,  K- 1 2 402  31 ,  151 

Pickaway,  L-9. . .  501  26.959 

Pike,  0-9 4:36  17,482 

Portage,  E-15....  480  27,868 

Preble,  L-4 4:32  23,421 

Putnam,  E-6  480  30,188 

Richland,  G-11 . . .  487  :38,072 

Ross,  M-9 --  6' 8  39,454 

Sandusky.  C-9-..  418  30,617 

Scioto,  P-9 -  613  a5,;377 

Seneca,  E-9 544  40.869 

Shelby,  H-5 4 :0  24. 707 

Stark,   F-15 560  ^,170 

Summit,  D-14  ..     391  54,a89 

Trumbull.  D-17--  625  42,;373  1 

Tuscarawas,  H-14  5:39  46,618 

Union,  1-8    427  22,860 

Van  Wert.  F-4..     405  29,671 

Vinton.  Nil 402  16,045 

Warren.  M-5 428  2.5,468 

Washington,  M-14  6:35  42.380 

Wayne.  F-13 540  39,005 

Williams.  B-4....  415  24,897 

Wood,  D-7 623  44.:392 

Wyandot.  F-8  .-     404  2 '.722 

'  Total 40,760  3,672,:316 


RAND.  McNALLY  &  CO,  S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


75 


76 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


INDIANA. 


In-de-an'ah. 
"Hoosier  State." 


Derived  from  "Indian." 


HISTORICAL. — Originally  a  part  of  New 
France.  First  visited  by  the  Jesuits,  1672. 
First  permanent  settlement  made  by  French 
at  Vincennes,  1727.  Countiy  came  under  Eng- 
lish rule,  1763.  Vincennes  captured  by  Col. 
Clark,  of  Virginia,  1779,  and  Indiana  became 
Amei'iean  territory.  Under  ordinance  of  1787, 
formed  part  of  the  Northwest  Territory. 
Indiana  Territory  organized,  1800;  admitted 
into  the  Union  as  a  State  December  11,  1816; 
the  sixth  State  admitted.  State  constitutions 
adopted  1816  and  1851. 

AREA,  ETC.— 36,350  square  miles;  land 
area,  35,910  square  miles;  water,  440  square 
miles;  extreme  length,  276  miles;  average 
breadth,  145  miles;  greatest  altitude,  1,140  feet; 
lowest,  370  feet;  mean  average,  735 ;  coastline 
ou  Lake  Michigan,  60  miles;  Michigan  City 
only  lake  harbor.  Ohio  river  forms  entire 
southern  boundary.  Wabash,  the  largest  river 
in  the  State,  drains  three-fourths  of  the  entii'e 
area.  State  well  watered,  but  few  of  the 
streams  navigable. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Indianapolis: 
Mean  winter,  28°,  extreme,  — 25° ;  summer,  76°, 
extreme,  101°.  Average  annual  rainfall,  In- 
dianapolis, 44.4  inches. 

POPULATION.— Indiana  ranked  twenty- 
first  in  1800  and  1810,  eighteenth  in  1820,  thir- 
teenth in  1830.  tenth  in  1840,  seventh  in  1850, 
sixth  in  i860,  1870,  and  1880,  and  eighth  in  1890. 
Total  population,  1800,  5,641;  1810,24,520;  1820, 
147,178;  1830,  343,031;  1840,  ^85,866;  1850,988,416; 
1860,  1,350,428;  1870,  1,680,637;  1880,  1,978,301; 
1890,2,192,404.  Classification:  Male,  1,118,347; 
female,  1,074,057;  native,  2,046,199;  foreign, 
146,205;  white,  2,146,736;  colored,  45,668— Afri- 
cans,    45,215;     Chinese,     92;     Japanese,    18; 

PRINCIPAL.  CITIES — Indianapohs,  the 
capital  and  chief  city,  prominent  as  a  railroad 
and  manufacturing  center,  population,  105,436; 
Evansville,  the  commercial  center  of  the  south- 
west, and  second  city  in  importance,  popula- 
tion, 50,756;  Fort  Wayne,  most  important  city 
of  the  northeast,  prominent  in  manufactures, 
population,  35,393;  Terre  Haute,  an  active  com- 
mercial and  educational  center,  population, 
30,217 ;  South  Bend,  an  important  manuf  actvu*- 
ing  point  in  the  north,  population,  21,819. 

URBAN  POPULATION.— At  the  census 
of  1880,  twenty-seven  cities  and  towns  had  a 
population  of  4,000  or  more,  aggregate  popula- 
tion being  327,248;  during  the  j^ast  decade  the 
number  of  cities  having  4,000  or  more  popula- 
tion increased  to  thirty-seven,  aggregate  pop- 
ulation, 507,133,  increase,  179,885  or  54.97  per 
cent.  Greatest  numerical  increase,  Indianap- 
olis, 30,380  or  40.48  per  cent.;  Evansville,  21,476 
or  73.35  per  cent. 

AGRICULTURE — Cultivation  of  the  soil 
forms  the  chief  industry.  Stock-raising  and 
dairy  farming  successfully  and  extensively 
carried  on.  State  ranks  fourth  in  production 
of  corn,  wheat,  and  swine.  Acreage  and 
yield  of  principal  crops  1891 :  Corn,  3,712,380 
acres,    123,622,000    bushels;    wheat,    2,917,518 


acres,  52,807,000  bushels;  oats,  895,067  acres, 
21,034,000  bushels.  Latest  reports  give  yield 
of  buckwheat,  99,959  bushels;  barley,  250,200 
bushels;  rye,  877,532  bushels;  hay,  1,812,500 
tons,  value,  $18,995,000;  tobacco,  7,710,297 
pounds. 

HORTICULTURE,  ETC — Apples,  pears, 
plums,  peaches,  and  smaU  fruits  are  cultivated 
extensively.  Wine  culture  begun  by  Swiss 
settlers  of  Vevay  in  1813;  State  now  has  3,850 
acres  under  bearing  vines,  1,000  acres  under 
new  vineyards;  10.780,000  pounds  grapes  sold 
for  table  vise,  and  224,500  gallons  of  wine  made 
in  1889.  The  State  has  223  nurseries,  with  a 
total  of  5,464  acres;  capital  invested,  $1,056  611 ; 
number  acres  under  apples,  1,025;  small  fruits, 
1,298;  plum,  pear,  and  peach  ti'ees  follow  in 
order.  Indiana  has  107  establishments  en- 
gaged in  floriculture — 13  owned  and  managed 
by  women;  total  value,  $782,607;  plant  sales, 
$276,909;  cut  flowers,  $184,647. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Number  and  value  of 
farm  animals  1891:  Horses,  725.256,  $53,388,- 
703;  mules,  56,841,  $4,342,014;  milch  cows, 
657,048,  $15,276,366;  cattle,  1,085,236,  $20,925,520; 
33  per  cent,  of  total  number  cattle  high-grade 
stock;  sheep,  1,161,702,  $4,298,762;  swine,  3,586,- 
380,  $12,787,060. 

MINERAL  RESOURCES.  —  Principal 
minerals,  coal,  iron,  petroleum,  natural  gas, 
limestone,  sandstone;  fire,  pottery,  and  terra 
cotta  clays;  white  sand  for  manufacturing 
plate  glass,  molding  sand,  and  at  Michigan 
City  an  extensive  supply  of  sand  for  green 
and  colored  glass.  Salt  and  medicinal  springs 
are  numerous  in  the  south.  Coal  measures 
are  bituminous,  they  include  Indiana  block— 
600  square  miles— coking  and  cannel  coals; 
total  area  of  coal  field,  7,000  square  miles, 
belongs  to  Central  or  Illinois  field;  product 
of  mines,  1889,  2,845,057  tons,  value,  $1,454,327. 

LIMESTONE  AND  SANDSTONE.  — 
Stone  industry  advanced  rapidly  in  import- 
ance during  past  decade.  Among  the  North 
Central  States,  Indiana  stands  second  in  im- 
portance as  a  producer  of  limestone;  ranks 
third  in  countiy  in  total  value  of  production, 
but  second  in  limestone  quarried  for  building; 
number  quarries,  1889,  172,  total  value  of  out- 
put, $1,889,336;  cubic  feet  quarried  for  build- 
ing, 7,402,345;  lime  manufactured,  1,074,517 
barrels.  State  has  11  sandstone  quarries,  out- 
put 1889,  334,441  cubic  feet,  value,  $43,983. 
Orange  County  produces  superior  quality  for 
abrasive  purposes,  38,113  cubic  feet  quarried 
there  in  1889. 

PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 
—Indiana  produced  32,758  barrels  of  petroleum 
in  1889,  and  63,496  barrels  in  1890.  State  has 
about  sixty  towns  with  paying  gas  wells;  capi- 
tal invested  in  gas  industry,  1889,  $8,205,813; 
amount  of  coal  displaced  by  gas,  1890,  897,000 
tons,  value,  $2,242,500;  wood  displaced,  30,000 
cords,  value,  $60,000. 

MANUFACTURES.- State  possesses  ex- 
cellent facilities  for  extensive  manufactm-es. 
Chief  among  the  present  industries  are  the 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


77 


manufacture  of  agricultural  implements,  car- 
riages and  ■svagous,  furniture,  "railway  cars, 
lumber,  flour,  pork  packing,  and  woolen 
goods.  Latter  industry  has  sixty-flve  estab- 
lishments, with  a  total  capital  of  S-^. 827. 195; 
number  of  employes.  3.109,  wages  paid,  .§817,- 
38-7;  value  of  products,  S3.8tJ3.786.  Indiana 
has  6  mills  engaged  in  cotton  manufactiu-es— 
capital  invested,  $1,744,7:^'0:  number  of  em- 
ployes, 1,32.5—321  men, 749  women,  235  children ; 
amount  paid  in  wages,  $:332.676;  cost  of  mate- 
rials used,  $919,. 56(5;  total  value  of  products. 
$1,350,042.  State  occupies  thirteenth  place 
as  a  producer  of  steel  and  eighteenth  place 
in  pig  iron  production. 

RAILAVAYS — State  well  supplied  with 
railway  facilities.  Number  miles  in  operation : 
1H46,  22;  18.50.  Ill;  18.5.5.  1.40(5;  1860,  2.163:  186.5. 
2,217;  1870,  3,177;  187.5.  3,963;  1880,  4,373;  188.5, 
5,614;  1890,  6,106.  State  has  one  mile  of  rail- 
way to  each  5.95  squai-e  miles. 

KDUCATIOJs.— Common  school  system 
estabHshed  under  constitution  of  1K51,  in  oper- 
ation since  18.53.  School  age,  6-21.  Nundjer 
pupils  in  pubhc  schools,  IHiW,  .5'37,264.  State 
Normal  school,  Terre  Haute.  Number  puprls 
in  private  schools,  43,  .505.  State  has  15  col- 
leges, 2  .seminaries,  and  18  academies.  Indiana 
State  Uiiiversitv.  Blooiningtou,  organized  1S20. 

LKG.VL  H<)I.IDAYS.— .January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  May  ;iO,  Jul^'  4.  first  Monday  in  Sept+'m- 
ber.  Thanksgiving,  December  25,  public  fast, 
and  election. 

STATK  INSTITUTION.S.  —  Institutions 
for  education  of  the  blind  and  deaf  and  dumb. 


at  Indianapolis;  school  and  asylum  for  feeble- 
minded youth.  Fort  Wayne:  Soldiers'  and  Sail- 
ors' Orphans'  Home,  near  Knightstown;  East- 
ern Indiana  Hospital  for  Insane,  Richmond; 
Southern  Insane  Hospital,  Evansville;  North- 
ern, Long  Chflf,  near  Logansport ;  Central,  Indi- 
anapolis. State  prisons  at  JefEersonvilie  and 
3Iichigau  City;  woman's  prison  and  reform 
school  for  girls,  Indianapolis;  reform  school 
for  boys  at  Plainfield. 

POSTAL,.— Total  number  post  ofiRces  2,093; 
number  presidential  offices,  l(y7— 5  fii'st-class.  24 
second-class,  78  third-class;  number  fourth- 
class  offices,  1.986;  monej"  order.  399. 

CIVIL,  WAR.— State  furnished  190.363 
men — 193.748  white  troops,  1,078  sailors  and 
marines.  1,.537  colored  troops:  aggregate  num- 
V)er  deaths.  26,672.  State  had  55,704  pensioners 
on  the  rolls,  June,  1891. 

POLITICAL..  —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators,  50;  Representatives, 
100:  sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  years: 
limit  of  session,  61  dajs;  term  of  Senatoi"s,  4 
years;  Representatives,  2  years,  dumber  of 
electoral  votes,  15;  number  voters,  595,066. 
Voters  nmst  be  citizens  or  declared  intention, 
residents  of  State  6  months,  of  county  C() 
days,  and  of  precinct  30  days;  registration 
not  required.    Convicts  excluded. 

LKGAL. — Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  j'ears:  open  accounts,  t»:  notes,  10; 
redemption  of  ta.\  sales.  2  j^ears.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  6;  by  contract,  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  t^(K' 

Sq.Mls.  ^^•^• 

Adams,  G-13 m)  20,181 

Allen,  D-12 650  ()6,6.S9 

Bartholomew,P-9  400  23,867 

Benton.  G-3 503  11,903 

Blackford,  H-11  -  170  10,461 

Boone,  K-7 420  26,.572 

Brown,  0-8 330  10,308 

Carroll,  G-6 370  20,021 

Cass,  F-7 420  31. 152 

Clark,  T-10 381  30,259 

Clay,  N-4 3<;0  30,536 

Clinton,  1-7 400  27,:370 

Crawford,  T-7  . . .  270  13,941 

Daviess,  R-4 430  26,227 

Dearborn,  P-13.-  287  23,364 

Decatur,  O-IO. .  .  380  19,277 

Dekalb,  C-12  ..--  370  24,307 

D.-laware,  Ml...  400  30,131 

Dubois,  T-5 410  20,253 

Elkhart,  B-9 470  39,201 

Fayette.  M-12....  210  12,630 

Floyd,  T-9 140  29,458 

Fountain,  J-1....  390  19,558 

Franklin,  N-12..-  400  18,360 

Fulton,  E-8 380  16.746 

Gibson,  T-2 490  24,920 

Grant,  H-10 4-0  31,493 

Greene,  P-5 540  24,379 

Hamilton,  J-8  ---  400  26.123 

Hancock,  L-9....  307  17,829 

Harrison,  U-8--.  470  20,786 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  ■,  adn 
Sq.Mls.    ^^•'"• 

Hendricks,  L-7  . .  400  21,498 

Henry,  K-11 400  23,879 

Howard,  H-8  ....  ;300  26,186 

Huntington,  F-11  380  27,()14 

Jackson,  Q  8 510  24,139 

Jasper,  E-4 570  11,1^5 

Jay,  1-12 390  2:3,478 

Jefl?erson,R-ll...  370  24,.507 

Jennings,  Q-10  . .  .3.50  14.608 

Johnson,  N-8....  320  19,.5(!1 

Knox,  R-3 510  28,044 

Kosciusko,  D-9  .   5.56  28,645 

Lagrange,  B-11..  3H4  1.5,615 

Lake,  C-3 500  23.886 

Laporte,  B-6 540  34,445 

Lawrence,  Q-7...  452  19,792 

Madison,  J-10--..  450  36,487 

Marion,  L-8 400  141,156 

Marshall,  C8....  441  2:3  818 

Martin,  S-5. 340  13.973 

Miami,  F-8 360  25,823 

Monroe,  0-7 430  17,673 

Montgomery,  J-5  504  28,025 

Morgan,  N-7 4:30  18  643 

Newton,  E-3 400  8,803 

Noble,   C-11 420  23,-359 

Ohio,Q-12-.. 90  4.955 

Orange,  S-7 400  14,678 

Owen,  0-5 390  15.040 

Parke,  L-4 440  20  296 

Perry,  V-6 380  18,240 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  z^2^' 
Sq.  Mis.   ■^^'^• 

Pike.  T-4   310  18,544 

Porter,  C-4 410  18,0.52 

Posev,  V-1 398  21, .529 

Pula.ski,  E-6 4:30  11,2:5.1 

Putnam,  L-5     ...490  22,:V]:< 

Randolph,  J-12  .  460  28,ns.5 

Ripley,  P-11 4.50  19,a5U 

Rush,  31-11 414  19,0:34 

St.  Joseph,  B-8..  470  42,457 

Scott,  R-9 1 90  7,8:33 

Shelby,  N-9. 400  2.5,4.54 

Spencer,  V-5 390  22,0(;o 

Starke,  D-6 ;300  7..«9 

Steuben,  A-12....  3:30  14,478 

Sullivan,  P-3 440  21,877 

Switzerland,  R-12  2:30  12,5!4 

Tippecanoe,  1-5  .  500  35,078 

Tipton,  1-8 260  18,157 

Union,  M-13 170  7,006 

Yanderburg,  V-2.  2:30  59,809 

Vermilion,  L,-3...  270  1.3,154 

Vigo,  N-3 410  50,195 

Wabash,  F-9 4:30  27,126 

Warren,  1-4 360  10,955 

i  Warrick,  V-4         390  21,161 

'  Washington,  S-8.  500  18,619 

I  Wayne,  L-12 380  37,628 

1  Wells,  G-12 357  21,514 

White,  G-5 500  15, 671 

Whitley,  D-ll....  3:30  17,768 
I               total. ....35,910  2,192,404 


78 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO. '8 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


79 


80 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


ILLINOIS. 


Il-lin-oi'. 

"Prairie  or  Sucker  State." 


From  Indian,  "Ulini,"  men,  and  French,  "ois,"  tribe  of  men. 


HISTORIC  At,.— The  eighth  State  admitted 
into  the  Union.  First  mission  by  the  French 
established  near  Utica  in  1675;  first  permanent 
settlement  made  at  Cahokia  about  1682;  Kas- 
kaskia  settled  in  1700;  Illinois  Territory  organ- 
ized 1809;  admitted  as  a  State  1818;  second 
constitution  adopted  1848;  present  constitution 
ratified  in  1870. 

AREA 56,650   square    miles;    land,  56,000 

square  miles;  water,  650  square  miles;  greatest 
length,  385  miles;  grcatesc  breadth,  218  miles; 
highest  land,  1,150  feet;  number  of  counties,  102; 
number  of  miles  of  navigable  streams.  4,000. 

CLIMATE.  —  TemperaiurP  at  Chicago: 
Mean  winter,  24°,  extreme,  —23°;  summer, '"(2°, 
extreme,  10)°;  average  rainfall,  36.2  inches. 
Springfield,  winter,  25°,  extreme,  —22°;  sum- 
mer, 77°,  extreme,  102°;  average  rainfall,  40.7 
inches.  Cairo,  winter,  34°,  extreme,  — 16°; 
summer,  79°,  extreme,  103°;  average  rainfall, 
43.6  inches. 

POPULATION.— Illinois  ranked  twenty- 
fourth  in  population  in  1810  and  1820,  twentieth 
in  1830,  fourteenth  in  1840,  eleventh  in  1850. 
fourth  in  1860,  1870,  and  1880,  third  in  1890. 
Population  1810,  12,282;  1820,  55,162;  1830,  157,- 
41;-);  1840.  476,183;  1850,851,470;  1860,  1,711,951; 
1870,  2,539,891;  1880.  3,077,871;  1890,  3,826,351. 
Chissificati(m:  Male,  1.972,308;  female,  1,851,043; 
nitive,  2,984,004;  foreign,  842,347;  white, 3,768,- 
472;  colored,  57,879— Africans,  57.028;  Chinese, 
740;  Japanese,  14;  Indians,  97. 

PRINCIPAL    CITIES Kaskaskia    first 

capital,  seat  of  government  removed  toVandalia, 
1818;  aid  to  Springfield,  1837;  Legislature  fir.>-t 
met  at  Springfield,  1839.  Chicago,  "  Garden  City 
of  the  West,'"  popuiati-m,  1892, 1,438,010;  Peoria 
ranks  second,  population,  41,024;  Q,uincy  third, 
population,  31,494;  Springfield,  capital,  ranks 
fourth  population,  24,963;  Rockford  ranks  fifth, 
population,  23,584;  Joliet  sixth,  ponulation, 
23,264. 

URBAN  POPULATION.— Large  increase 
in  urban  population  since  enumeration  of  1880. 
Tenth  census  showed  38  cities  with  a  popula- 
tion of  4,000  or  more;  aggregate  population, 
844,462;  eleventh  shows  47  cities  and  towns 
having  a  population  of  4.000  or  more;  aggre- 
gate population,  1,604,943.  Numerical  increase 
greatest  in  Chicago — 596,  665  or  118.58  per  cent.; 
percentage  of  increase  greatest  in  Austin  —198 
per  cent.;  Onk  Park — 1.52.70  per  cent  ;  practi- 
cally suburbs  of  Chicago,  and  Streator— 121.33 
per  cent. 

AGRICULTURE Illinois,  a  leading  agri- 
cultural State,  has  42,000  square  miles  of  fertile 
upland  prairie.  State  ranks  first  in  oats,  area 
grown  in  1890,  3,372,451  acres,  product,  70,821,- 
000  bushels;  ranlcs  second  in  corn,  area, 7,154,424 
acres,  product,  187,446,000  bushels;  area  under 
wheat,  1,853,173  acres,  product,  18,161,000 
bushels. 

HORTICULTURAL,  ETC.-Illinois ranks 
second  in  number,  and  third  in  capital  invested 
in  nurseries.  Industry  established  1840-50. 
Number  nurseries,  1890,  4'M;  acreage,  17,812, 
value,  $3,595,850;  capital  invested,  $4,778  083; 


one-fourth  total  acreage  under  apples,  plums 
rank  second.  State  has  21  seed  farms  of 
13,367  acres,  capital  invested.  $1,717,4:32;  num- 
ber florist  establishments,  330-20  owned  and 
managed  by  women  ;  total  square  feet  of 
glass,  3,236,750,  value  of  establishments, 
$2,945,442;  plant  sales,  $605,796;  cut  flowers, 
$1,888,722. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Illinois  leads  in  value  of 
horses,  number  in  1890, 1,123,973,  value,  $83,301,- 
912;  ranks  second  in  swine,  having  5,433,250, 
value,  $30,517,479;  third  in  cattle, l,7l3,966,value, 
$32,076,531;  fourth  as  a  dairy  State,  1,072,473 
milch  cows,  value,  $24,259,339. 

COAL.— First  discovery  of  coal  in  United 
States  by  Father  Hennepin,  near  Ottawa,  1698. 
State  second  only  to  Pei.nsylvauia  in  produc- 
tion of  bituminous  coal;  coal  area,  37,000  square 
miles;  number  of  mines  in  State,  1,000;  coal 
mined  in  60  counties ;  total  product,  1890, 
12,638,000  tons,  value,  $11,755,000. 

LIMESTONE.- Of  the  North  Central 
States,  Illinois  ranks  first  in  the  production  of 
limestone.  Number  ot  quarries,  104;  21,433,967 
cubic  feet  quarried  for  building;  value,  $1,084,- 
5.56;  877,274  barrels  of  lime  manufactured, value, 
$366,245;  total  value  of  product,  $2,190,607. 

MANUFACTURES.- In  the  manufacture 
of  distilled  spirits,  Illinois  leads;  latest  reports 
'Ave  product  as  33,000,000  gallons;  State  is 
fourth  in  fermented  liquors;  breweries  produced 
2.280,000  gallons.  In  the  packing  of  meat  Ill- 
inois ranks  ahead  of  all  other  States.  It  is 
second  in  the  production  of  steel,  produces  20 
per  cent,  of  the  entire  product  of  the  States, 
or  86S,000  tons;  ranks  fourth  in  the  production 
of  pig  iron,  producing  674,000  tons.  In  1880,  the 
State  had  67  establishments  engaired  in  the 
wool  industry;  capital  invested,  $1,433,353;  cost 
of  materials  used,  $1,623,693;  value  of  products, 
$2,380,.584.  Total  number  of  establishments  in 
1890,  63;  capital  invested,  $3,265,794;  cost  of 
materials  used,  $1,766,270;  value  of  products, 
$3,289,541. 

RAILWAYS.— Illinois  ranks  first  in  railway 
mileage.  State  has  6  per  cent,  of  total  mile- 
age of  United  States.  One  mile  of  railway  to 
each  5.5  square  miles.  Number  of  miles  of 
railway  in  1850,  111;  1855,887;  1860,2,790;  1865, 
3,157;  1870,4,823;  1875,  7,109;  1880,  7,851;  1885, 
8,901;  1890,10,129;  1891,  10,189.  Capital  Stock 
of  Illinois  railroads,  $847,488,296;  l)onds,  $920,- 
683,061.  Amount  of  stock  held  in  Illinois,  $32,- 
480,885. 

EDUCATION.  —  School  system  founded 
1855;  township  high  schools  first  established 
1867;  school  age,  6-21;  permanent  school  fund, 
over  $12,800,000;  number  of  public  school- 
houses,  12,252;  778,319  pupils  enrolled  in  public 
schools;  105,000  in  private  schools.  Illinois 
State  Normal  University  located  at  Normal, 
over  1,100  stud.-nts;  Southern  Illinois  Normal 
University  at  Carhondale,1,400  students;  Cook 
County  Normal  School  at  Chicago;  University 
of  Illinois,  at  Urbana,  over  500  students. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS — For  education 
of  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  at  Jacksouvilk- ;  Asylum 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


81 


for  Feeble-Minded  Children  at  Lincoln ;  Soldiers' 
Orphans'  Home  at  Normal ;  State  Reform  School 
at  Pontiac;  Northern  Hospital  for  Insane  at 
Elgin;  Eastern  Hospital  for  Insane,  Kankakee; 
Central  Hospital  for  Insane, Jacksonville;  South- 
ern Hospital  for  I'  sane,  Anna;  Asylum  for 
Insane  Criminals  at  Chester;  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Home,  Q,aincy;  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary, 
Chicago;  State  Penitentiaries,  Joliet  and 
Chester 

LEGAL,  HOLIDAYS — January  1st.  Feb- 
ruary 12th,  February  22d,  May  30th,  July  4th, 
fii-st  Monday  in  September,  any  day  appointed 
by  Governor  or  President  for  Fast  or  Thanks- 
giving, December  25th.  If  Sunday,  then  Mon- 
day is  holiday.     Notes  payable  on  Saturday. 

POSTAL.— Illinois  has  2.4G2  post  offices,  220 
of  which  are  presidential  offices;  there  are  six 
offices  of  the  first  cia.ss;  40.  second  class;  174, 
t!)ird  class;  2.842  fourth  class.  Number  of 
money-order  offices,  719;  money-order  stations, 
34;  postal  note  offices,  .32. 

CIVIL  WAR During  the  Civil  War,Illinoi8 

furnished  a  total  of  259,0!i2  men :  255,057  white 
troops,  2,224  sailors  and  marines,  and  1,811 
colored  troops.  The  total  number  of  deaths 
from  all  causes  was  34,834.  June  .30, 1891,  tbere 
were  54,336  pensioners  on  the  rolls  of  the  Chi- 
cago agency,  319  were  for  the  war  of  liS12,  and 


1,007  for  the  war  with  Mexico;  number  jpen- 
sioners  in  the  State.  49,711. 

POLITICAL. — State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  November;  number  of  Senators,  51; 
Representatives,  153;  sessions,  biennial  in  odd- 
numbered  years,  meeting  Wednesday  alter  first 
Monday  in  January;  limit  of  session,  none; 
term  of  Senators,  4  years;  Representatives,  2 
years.  Number  of  electoral  votes,  24.  Number 
voters,  1,072,663.  Voters  must  be  actual  citi- 
zens; residents  of  State,  one  year,  of  county, 
90  days,  of  precinct,  30  days;  registration  re- 
quired; convicts,  unless  pardonedr  excluded. 

SUPREME  COURT.— There  are  seven 
judges,  one  from  each  of  the  seven  districts  ; 
term,  nine  years;  elections  in  June  of  the  year 
in  which  any  term  expires;  State  divided  into 
Northern,  Central,  and  Southern  Grand  Divi- 
sions; Court  terms,  Central  Grand  Division, 
held  at  Springfield,  January  and  June;  North- 
ern Grand  Division,  Ottawa,  March  and  Octo- 
ber; Southern  Grand  Division,  Mount  "Vernon, 
Mav  and  November. 

LEGAL. —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 7  years;  notes,  10 years;  open  accounts, 
5  years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Rafe 
of  taxation,  .33  on  SIW.  Leiral  interest,  5;  by 
contract,  7;  usury  forfeits  entire  interest. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.         Area,  .q,^' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^'*-*^- 

Adams,  K-2....  830  61,888 

Alexander,  V-8.  2:^  16,563 

Bond,  0-7 380  14,550 

Boone,  A-9 290  12,203 

Brown,  K-3....  300  11, 0.")! 

Bureau,  E-7--..  870  3.5,014 

Calhoun,  N-4.-  200  7,652 

Carroll,  C-6....  440  18,320 

Cass,  K-5 360  15,963 

Champaign, 

K-ll 1,000  42.159 

Christian, M-8..  710  130,531 

Clark,  N-12....  510  21,899 

Clay,  P-lO 470  16,772 

Clinton.  D-8.-.-  494  17,411 

Coles,  M-11....  520  30,093 

Cook,  C-12 '.m  1,191,922 

Crawford,  0-12.  45J  17,283 

Cumberland,  ' 

N-11 mo  15,443 

DeKalb,  C-9  ..  650  27.066 

DeWitt,  J-9....  405  17,011 

Douglas,  L-11..  410  17,669 

Dupage,  C-11-.  340  22.551 

Edgar,  K-12 . . . .  630  26,787 

Edwards,  Ci-11.  220  9,444 

Effingham,  O-IO  490  19,358 

Fayette,   P-9...  720  2^3,367 

Ford,  Ml 490  17,035 

Franklin,  S-9.-.  430  17,1:38 

Fulton,  1-5 870  43,110 

Gallatin,  T-11.-  349  14,9.35 

Greene,  N-5..-.  544  2.3,791 

Grundy,  E-11..  440  21,024 

Hamilton,  S-IO.  440  17,800 

Hancock,  J-2..  769  31,907 


4 


L*^^        Pod 
Counties,       Area,        ^affk 

Sq.  Mis.      •'^■'"■ 

Hardin,  U-ll...  194  7,234 
Henderson,  H-3    380         9,876 

Ileury,  E-5 830  3:3,3:38 

Iroquois,  H-12. 1,120  ;3.M67 

Jackson,  T-7..-    580  27,809 

Jasper,  O-ll....    .5(i6  1S.18S 

Jefl"erson,  R-9.-    580  •J-,>,5!»0 

Jersey,   0-5 :3eO  14,S10 

Jo  Daviess,  A-5   663  25,101 

Johnson,   U-9..    340  15,013 

Kane,  C-10 540  6.5,061 

Kankakee,  F-12   680  28,732 

Kendall,  D-11..    ;330  12,106 

Knox,   G-5 720  38,752 

Lake,  A-11 490  24.2:35 

LaSalle,   E-9.. .1,152  80,798 

Lawrence,  Q,-12   360  14,698 

Lee,  C-8 740  26,187 

Livingston, 

G-10 1,026  38,455 

Logan,  J-7 620  25,489 

McDonough,J-4   580  27,467 

McHenry,  A-10 .    624  26,114 

McLean,  1-9. ...1,166  63,036 

Macon,  K-9....    580  38,083 

Macoupin,  N-6-    864  40,380 

Madison,  P-6.-.    740  51,535 

Marion,  P-8....    580  24,341 

Marshall.  G-7.-    400  13,653 

Mason,  J-6 560  16,067 

Massac,  V-10...    240  11,313 

Menard,  K-6...    320  1:3,120 

Mercer,  F-3....    555  18,545 

Monroe,  R-5...  380  12,948 
Montgomery, 

N-7 702  30,003 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  .onn' 
Sq.  Mis.      ^^•'" 

Morgan,  L-5...  580  32,636 

Moultrie,   L-10.  340  14,481 

Ogle,  C-8 780  28,710 

Peoria,  H-6....  615  70,:378 

Perry,   R-8 440  17,529 

Piatt,  K-10 440  17,062 

Pike,  M-3 795  31,000 

Pope.  U-10 :3t;0  14,016 

Pulapki,  V-9...  I!i0  11,355 

Putnam,  F-8-.-  170         4,730 

Randolph,   S-6-  560  25,049 

Richland,  P-11.  :361  15,019 

Rock  Island.  E  3  440  41,917 

St.   Clair,  Ci-6..  6S0  66,571 

Saline,  T-10....  380  19,342 

Sangamon,  L-7.  860  61,195 

Schuyler,  J-4..  4:30  16,013 

Scott,  M-4 250  10,304 

Shelby,  L-9....  776  31,191 

Stark,  F-6 290         9,982 

Stephenson,  A-6  560  31,338 

Tazewell,  1-7...  650  29,556 

Union,  U-8 400  21,549 

Vermillion. J-12  926  49,905 

Wabash,  Q-12..  220  11,866 

Warren,  H-4.-.  540  21,281 

Washington, R-7  540  19,262 

Wayne,  Q-10...  720  2.3,806 

White,  S-11..-.  500  25,005 

Whiteside,  C-6.  700  30,854 

Will,  E-12 850  62.007 

Wil]iam8on,U-9  440  22,226 

Winnebigo,  A-8  552  39,938 

Woodford,  G-8.  540  21,429 

Total 56,000  3,826,.351 


82 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


83 


84 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO/S 


MICHIGAN. 


3iish'e-gan. 
"Wolverine  State." 


Indian — Signifies  "A  weir  for  fish/' 


HISTORICAL, — Country  first  explored  by 
Jesuit  Missionaries  early  in  the  17th  century. 
First  permanent  settlement  made  by  French, 
at  Sauit  Sie.  Marie.  1668.  Detroit  "founded, 
irOl.  Country  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
EngUsh.  1763".  This  brought  about  the  con- 
spiracy of  Pontiac,  the  destruction  of  Macki- 
naw, and  siege  of  Detroit.  British  held  31ich- 
igan  after  the  Revolution  until  1796.  Michi- 
gan Territory  formed  out  of  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory, 1805.  Territory  scene  of  active  war- 
fare "during  war  of  1812-15.  ^Michigan  State 
admined  into  the  Union,  1837.  The  thirteenth 
Slate  to  enter. 

AREA,  ETC — Total  area,  58.915  square 
miles:  land  area.  57.4;Bi;»  square  miles:  water. 
1.4-^.  State  naturally  divided  into  two  penin- 
sulas—Upper and  Lower.  Lower  peninsula 
has  an  average  width,  east  and  west,  of  'MO 
miles :  length,  north  to  south.  300  miles. 
Length  of  Upper  Peninsula,  east  to  west,  318 
miles:  width,  30  to  164  miles.  Coast  line  1.600 
mil-^s  in  length.  Vessels  of  -2.000  tons  may 
pass  entire  distance  in  sight  of  land.  Greatest 
elevation.  Upper  Peninsula,  Porcupine  Moun- 
tain. 2,(j^i  feet:  Lower  Peninsula,  574  feet. 

CLIMATE. -Temperature  at  Grand  Ha- 
ven: Mean  winter.  24".  extreme.  — '24': 
summer.  69'.  extreme.  92=:  Marquette,  winter. 
16".  extreme,  —27- :  sununer,  65%  extreme,  99° ; 
Pore  Huron,  winter,  21',  extreme.  —25-; 
summer,  69".  extreme,  99'.  Average  annual 
rainfall:  Grand  Haven.  :i7.9  inches:  Mar- 
quette.   32.6  inches;  Port  Huron.  32.1  inches. 

POPULATION'.— Michigan  ranked  twen- 
ty-fiith  in  pc)pulation  in  1810.  twenty-seventh 
in  l;i20  and  183").  twenty-third  in  184<3,  twentieth 
in  1850.  sixteenth  in  i860,  thirteenth  in  18?0. 
ninth  in  188* J  and  1890.  Total  population.  1810. 
4.7b2:  l$2i:t.  8.765:  1S30.  31.639:  1840.  212,267: 
185«j.  397.654:  1860,  749.113:  1870. 1.184,Ce9:  1880, 
1.636,937:  lS9i3.  2.(3*3.889.  Classification:  Malei 
1.091.780:  female,  l,<xe,109:  native.  1.550,009: 
foreign.  5*3,880:  white,  2,072.884:  colored.  21,- 
<X>5— Africans.  1.5.223:  Chinese,  120;  Japanese, 
?jS:  Indians.  5.624. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES Detroit,  the  me- 

trop<jlis.  a  port  of  entry,  and  center  of  an  ex- 
tensive railway  system,  population.  2i35,876; 
Grand  Rapids,  an  important  manufacturing 
center,  second  in  size,  population.  60.278:  Sag- 
inaw and  Bay  City  are  important  points  for 
export  of  lumber  and  salt :  population,  Sagi- 
naw. 46,:S2:  Bay  City,  27.839:  Lansing,  the 
capital,  has  a  population  of  l:3.1">2.  Beside 
Dtitroit.  Marquette,  Port  Huron,  and  Grand 
Haven  are  ports  of  entry. 

UKBA>»  POPULATION.  —  There  are 
thirty-nine  cities  and  tOAvns  of  4.ij«jj  or  more 
inhabitants.  Greatest  numerical  increases 
during  decade  found  in  Detroit,  89.536:  Grand 
RapidS.  •i!f,262:  Sjaginaw.  16.781:  Muskegon, 
11.44<.>.  Percentages  of  increase  greatest  in 
Menominee.  223.30  per  cent:  West  Bay  City, 
li>2.92  per  cent:  3luskegon,  101. .58  per  cent: 
Marquette.  '.^3.S8  i)er  cent. 

A GRICCLT  ORE.— Agriculture,  a  leading 


industry.  Wheat,  the  most  important  crop,  ' 
production,  1891,  30.205.000  bushels,  value. 
S.;7,486.910:  oats.  30.280.000  bushels,  value, 
S9.689.441.  State  occupies  an  important  place 
among  those  that  produce  buckwheat.  Latest 
reports  give  area  under  buckwheat  f-s  70.046 
acres,  yield,  811.977  bushels:  bai-ley,  99,305 
acres,  vield.  2,  522.376  bushels. 

HORTICULTURE.  —  As  a  grower  of 
peaches,  apples,  strawberries,  and  other  fruits 
of  the  temperate  cUmate.  ^lichigan  is  one  of 
the  foremost  states  in  the  coimtry.  In  1890 
there  were  210.164  acres  under  apples;  sales 
aggregated,  1.499.158  bushels;  peaches,  20,124 
acres:  sales,  40  625  bushels;  value  of  apples 
and  peaches,  $944,332:  value  cherries,  pears, 
and  plmns  sold.  S65.217:  strawberries,  S166.- 
033:  other  berries,  $267,398;  grapes.  §122,394. 

LIVE  STOCK.  —  Farm  animals,  1891: 
Horses,  519.896.  value.  $40,757,393:  mules, 
3,779.  value.  S^35;J,991:  milch  cows,  459.475, 
value,  $11,137,674;  oxen,  and  other  cattle, 
508.938,  value.  $10,521,389:  sheep,  2. 35  i.  779, 
value,  $7,560,338;  swine,  892,0^^7,  value,  $4,- 
611,83.3. 

FISHERIES.— The  fresh-water  fisheries 
are  among  the  most  productive  in  the  country. 
Over  1.7C>0  men  engaged  in  the  industry  on  the 
Great  Lakes.  Capital  invested.  $950.6.53.  Total 
yield  of  aUfish.  34,490.1^  pounds,  value,  §1.- 
066.249.  Among  the  fish  taken,  the  most  valu- 
able are  whitefish.  trout,  herring,  and  stur- 
geon. Whitefish.  the  most  popiilar  of  those 
taken,  yield.  10.:i48.133  poun<is.  value.  $458,- 
445:  lake  trout,  one  of  most  important,  yield, 
6.967.995  pounds,  value,  $275.3iJ5:  herring,  most 
abimdant,  3.616,290  potinds  taken,  value.  $69,- 
133;  sturgeon,  the  largest  fish  found  in  the  , 
Great  Lakes,  yield,  1,215.958  poimds,  value, 
$41,701.  I 

AIINERAES.— State  occupies   first   place  ' 
among  iron-producing  states:  output  quadru- 
pled during  past  decade.    >Iichigans  tonnage 
equals  40.34  per  cent  of  total  output  of  country. 
"^  alue  represents  47.38  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  entire  cotmtry.    Total  ntunber  long 
tons  mined,  5,856.169.  value,  $15.8'Xi,.521.    State 
ranks  second  only  to  Montana  in  copper  pro- 
duction:  output  for  year.  87,455.675  poimds.  i 
Coal  area,  7.<X»0  square  miles,  production,  1889, 
67.431  tons,  value,  $115,011.  31ichigan  excels  all 
other  states  in  production  of  salt,  producing 
more   than  one-half  the  entire   product    of  i 
United  States.    Production,  189<D,  3.837,6.^  bar-  ' 
rels.  value,  S2.:302.579.    State  divided  into  nine 
districts;  most  productive.  Saginaw  and  Man- 
istee.   There  are  ikrge  deposits  of  gypsum, 
131.767  tons  mined  1889,  value,  $373,740— $215,- 
497  stucco.  i 

BUILDING  STONES — Sandstone,  lime- 
stone, and  slate  are  quarried.  Marble,  equal 
in  quahty  to  Mexican  onyx,  reported  at  Ish- 
peming.  ilarquette  County.  Michigan  ranked 
eighth  in  sandstone :  output,  .i»89.  6.58.318  cubic 
feet,  value.  $246,570.  Among  states  producing 
Umestone  it  occupied  twenty-sixth  place; 
number  quarries,  8,  value  of  output,  $85,9.52. 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


85 


LUMBER.— State  lea-is  aU  others  in  the 
lumber  industries.  In  I'^^^X  Michig-an  had  1.&57 
establishments  engaged  in  the  various  indus- 
tries: capital  invested.  Slll.dO-2.797:  emploves, 
43.06<J:  wages  paid,  Sl2.si3.335:  total  value  of 
all  products  and  manufactures.  $68,141,189. 
Mill  productions:  Lumber.  4.311. •M).0<X)  feet: 
shingles.  2.841. 213.<»5 ;  staves.  247  S75,CCiO: 
sets  of  headings.  32.0S5.0tli3.  Value  of  forest 
prcKiuets.  not  included  in  the  mill  product, 
$5.9(;l9..S^4. 

CIVU.  WAR.— State  furnished  87.3&4  men 
— 85.479  white  troops,  498  sailors  and  marines, 
and  l..$f7  colored  troops:  aggregate  number 
deaths.  14.753:  number  pensioners  in  State, 
lf9l.  :i4.447. 

RAJX WAYS.  — First  railroad  chartered, 
18.32.  >Iiohigan  Central  completed,  Detroit  to 
YpsOanti,  l^iS.  Number  of  miles  in  operation 
in  IjviO,  59:  1840.  238:  ISo^J.  342;  ItSo.  474:  IS&X 
779:  I8t>5. 941:  1870.  l.'iSS:  1^^.  .3.391;  IS^J.  3.938; 
1885.  5.3«:il:  1890.  7.108:  December.  189],  7.187. 
State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each  8.19 
square  miles  of  territorv. 

KDDCATION.  — Compulsory  education  a 
law  since  1 8S3.  All  districts  required  to  furnish 
text  b<x)ks  to  ptipiLs.  free  of  cost,  since  l'*<9. 
SchcK»l  age.  5-2(.'.  Nimil»er  pupils  in  pubUe 
schools.  427.<332:  in  private  schools.  45.<>47. 
Universitv  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  organized 
1837.  has *2.650  students:  State  Normal  School. 
Ypsilanti:  Agricultural  College.  Lansing:  Min- 
ing College,  Houghton.  Number  colleges  in 
State.  10. 

LEG.4I.  HOLID.4YS Januan.'  1,  Feb- 
ruary- 22.  May  :i<".  July  4,  Thanksgiviner.  I>e- 


cember  25,  and  any  fast  day.  "Wlien  hohday 
falls  on  Sxmday  ^he  following  Mondav  is 
observed. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  —  Michigan 
SchcKjl  for  the  Blind  at  Lansing:  School  for 
Deaf.  Flint,  established,  1S54:  State  Eeform 
School.  Lansing:  State  Industrial  Sch'X»l  for 
GHrls,  Adrian:  School  for  Dependent  children. 
Cold  water :  Michigan  Insane  Asylum,  Kalama- 
zoo, established.  1859:  Eastern  Insane  Asvlum. 
Pontiac.  established.  1878:  Asylum  for  Insane 
Criminals,  and  State  Reformatory  are  at  Ionia; 
Northern  Michigan  Asylum.  Traverse  City:' 
State  Soldiers'  Home,  'Grand  Rapids:  State 
PriS'Dii.  Jackson. 

POSTAL — Total  ntunber  postoflBces.  1.923: 
number  presidential  offices.  I5<:i — }  first-class: 
29  second-class:  117  third-class:  number  fourth- 
class  oflBces.  1..  (3:  monev-order  oflSces.  445. 

POLITIC AL.  —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  a:"-  -  -  -  - ""  -  '  —  -  ^'  --Tiiber. 
Number  of  S^-na  -.  10(.i: 

term.  2  years:  >  „_ -num- 

bered years:  Umii  ui  stassioTi.  none.  Number 
of  electoral  votes.  14.  Ntunber  voters,  «)17.445. 
Voters  must  be  citizens  or  declared  intention, 
resident  of  State  3  months,  of  county  and 
precinct  10  days:  registration  required. 
Ahens,  who  have  not  declared  intention  6 
months  previous  to  election,  Indians,  and 
duelists  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 6  years:  open  accounts,  6:  notes,  6:  re- 
demption of  tax  sales  1  year.  Legal  interest 
rate.  6:  bv  contract.  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 

Counties.  Area, 
Sq.  Mis 

Alcona,  K-12 700 

Alger.  D-7 9S3 

Allegan,  S-6 8:i5 

Alpena,  J-11 5S0 

Antrim.  J-S 538 

Arenac,  M-11  ...  388 

Baraga,  C-4 915 

Barr\-.  S-7 580 

Bay."0-ll 466 

Benzie.  K-5 340 

Berrien.  U-5 570 

Branch,  V-8 504 

Calhoun.  T-S---  730 

Cass.  U-6 504 

Charlevoix,  1-8  .  427 

Cheboygan,  H-9.  815 
Chippewa,  D-10.1  ti06 

Clare.  M-9 580 

Clinton.  R-9 ^80 

Crawford.  K-9--  580 

Delta.  E-7 718 

Dickinson.  D-5. .  - . . 

Eaton.  S-9 58","t 

Emmet.  G-S 438 

Genesee.  R-11...  d40 

Gladwin.  N-IO.  540 

Gogebic,  D-2 1.115 

Grand  Traversse. 

K-7 485 

Gratiot,  P-9 .V^,> 


Pop. 
1890. 

5,409 
1.238 

a^i.t^i 

r  "-" 

1 


56,412  I 
5,2371 
41,285 
^26.791 
43.501, 
20,953 
9,686 
11,986 

12,019; 

7,558  I 
26.509  1 

2.962, 
15.3:»  I 


4.2*.c. 
13.166 

13.355 

28.668 


Land  p 

Coimties.        Area,  KUm, 
Sq.  Mis.    ^'^• 

Hillsdale,  V-9-..    597  30,660 

Houghton,  C-l  .1,000  35,389 

Huron,  N-13 750  28,545 

'    -Lam,  S-IO...    552  37.666 

i,R-8 580  $».801 

.L-12 563  15,224 

D-4 1.100  4,432 

-lla,0-9.-..    580  la?^ 

I.leRoval,  F-2..    215  IV 

Jackson,  T-IO...    720  45.'> 

^-   '   •       -,x>.  U-7    576  39.27 

..K-8--    580  5.1' 

^  : 960  109,^,\' 

Ktrwwnaw,  A-5-    ^0  2,894 

Lake,  N-6 580  6.5i>5 

Lapeer.  Q-13 . . . .    660  29.: 

Leelanaw,  J-6  . .    350  7. 

Lenawee.  V-10.-    720  48.-^- 

Livingston,  S-11    580  20.858 

Luce.  C-9 915  2,455 

Mackinac.  E-lO  .1,045  7,830 

Macomb.  S-13..-    468  31.813 

^'   --istee.  L-6---    550  24.-i3Ci 

tou.  F-9.-.    120  860 

:4uette.  D-5- 2.399  39,521 

Mason,  N-5 500  16,385 

Mecosta,  0-7  ...    580  19.697 

Menominee,F-5.1.3e2  33,639 

Midland.  O-lO  ..    530  10.657 


Counties. 


Land 

Area, 

Sq.Mls. 

580 

530 

720 


580 
520 
860 
900 
540 
57X) 


3Iissaukee.  L-8 
Monroe.  V-12  . . . 
Montcalm.  P-8  . 
Montmoreucv, 

J-10 "... 

M'-^--  -  P-5.. 

>  -      '»-6.- 

>12... 

.ii.a,  0-5 

-■•  ::iaw.  L-10.. 

:  :    n^r  n.  C-2.1.342 

-  ■       1    M-7-...    580 
'.'-■j_-...X-10....    580 

Otsego,  J-9 540 

«~>rTawa.  R^ 570 

ie  Isle.  Ill  n5 
umon.  L-9  580 
.-..^  ..aw.  P-n  -- 
St.  Clair.  Q-14  .. 
St.  Joseph,  V-7.- 

Sanilac,  0-14 

Schoolcraft.  D-8  1,216 
Shiawassee.  Q-10  528 
Tuscola.  0-12 ...  830 
Van  Buren.  T-6  .  630 
Washtenaw,  r-11  720 
1  Wayne,  U-12 
Wexford,  L-7--- 


816 

504 

960 


565 

580 


Pop. 

1890. 

5,C48 
32,3:37 
Si,  637 

1,S47 

40,013 

20.470 

41.245 

15698 

5.583 

a  756 

14.630 

1,904 

4.272 

35358 

4.<>>7 

■2.>XiS 

82.273 

52.I115 

25.356 

32.589 

5.SI8 

30.952 

SJ.508 

30,541 

42,210 

^17.114 

11,278 


Total --.57,430  2,093.889 


RAND    McNALLY 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


87 


a 


p« 


88 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


WISCONSIN. 


Wis-kQn'sin. 
"Badger  State." 


Indian— "Wild  Rushing  Channel." 


HISTORICA  L..— EarUest  explorations 
made  by  French,  1634;  Jesuit  missions  found- 
ed at  LaPointe,  1665,  Green  Bay,  1669;  first 
settlers  located  on  present  site  of  Prairie  du 
Chien,  1726;  trading  post  established  at  Mil- 
waukee, 1785;  Portage  City  founded,  1793. 
Development  of  the  lead  regions,  1822-32,  led 
to  the  settlement  of  Minei'al  Point,  Dodgeville, 
and  PlatteviUe.  Wisconsin  Territory  organ- 
ized, April  20,  1836.  State  admitted  into  the 
Union,  May  29,  1848;  seventeenth  State  admit- 
ted. 

AREA,  ETC.— State  has  a  total  area  of 
56,040  square  miles;  land  surface,  54,450  square 
miles;  water,  1,590;  extreme  length,  north  and 
south,  300  miles;  breadth,  east  and  west,  ^50 
miles;  shore  line  on  Lakes  Superior  and  Mich- 
igan, over  500  miles.  Mississippi  River  navi- 
gable throughout  southwestern  boundary. 
Elevation  of  State  ranges  from  610  to  about 
1,800  feet.  Fox,  Wisconsin,  Chippewa,  and 
other  rivers  furnish  extensive  water  power. 

CL.1  MATE. —Temperature  at  La  Crosse: 
Mean  winter.  15°,  extreme,  —43°;  summer,  73°, 
extreme,  101°;  Milwaukee,  winter,  19°,  ex- 
treme, — 25° ;  summer,  69°  extreme,  100°.  Aver- 
age annual  rainfall:  La  Crosse,  31.9  inches; 
Milwaukee,  32.8  inches. 

POPUL.ATION,  Wisconsin  ranked  thirti- 
eth in  population  in  1840,  twenty-fourth  in 
1850,  fifteenth  in  1860  and  1870,  sixteenth  in 
1880,  and  fourteenth  in  1890.  Total  population, 
1810,  30,945;  1850,  305,391;  1860,  775,881;  1870, 
1,054,670;  18S0,  1,315,497;  1890,  1,686,880.  Class- 
ification: Male,  874,951;  female,  811,929;  na- 
tive, 1,167,681;  foreign,  519,199;  white,  1,680,- 
473;  colored,  6,407— Africans,  2,444;  Chinese, 
119;  Japanese,  9;  Indians,  3,835. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES.— Milwaukee,  the 
metropolis,  a  prominent  manufacturing  and 
railway  center;  its  lake  commerce  extensive 
and  rapidly  increasing,  population,  204,468; 
La  Crosse,  second  city  in  ?ize,  has  numerous 
manufactoi'ies  and  a  large   shipping  trade, 

fjopulation,  25,090 ;  Oshkosh,  a  prominent 
umber  center,  population,  22,836;  Racine,  one 
of  the  finest  harbors  on  Lake  Michigan;  city 
has  many  important  manufactures,  popula- 
tion, 21,014;  population  Eau  Claire,  17,415; 
Sheboygan,  16,359;  Madison,  the  capital,  popu- 
lation. 13,426.       , 

URBAN  POPULATION.-Census  of  1890 
returns  thirty-five  cities  and  towns  showing 
more  than  4,000  inhabitants.  Greatest  numer- 
ical increases  at  Milwaukee,  88,881 ;  Superior, 
11,983— this  city  did  not  exist  in  1880,  county 
containing  but  655  inhabitants;  La  Crosse,  11- 
535;  Sheboygan,  9,045.  Percentages  of  in- 
crease greatest  in  Kaukauna,  459.59  per  cent. ; 
Marinette,  319;  Sheboygan,  123.67;  Chippewa 
Falls,  117.73;  Wausau,  116.34;  Waukesha, 
112.90. 

AGRICULTURE.  —  State  census  of  1885 
gave  332,500  persons  engaged  in  agriculture; 
total  value  of  farms  and  farm  products.  $568,- 
187,288.  Stare  well  adapted  to  the  growing  of 
cereals.    Latest  reports  give  cereal  products 


in  bushels:  Corn,  34,624,216;  wheat,  11,698,922; 
oats,  60,739,052;  barley,  15,225-872;  rye,  4,520,- 
582;  buckwheat,  1,064,178.  Average  annual 
production  of  potatoes,  about  10,000,000  bush- 
els; value  of  hay,  $15,000,000.  Excellent  tobac- 
co, hops,  and  flax  are  grown.  Wisconsin 
ranks  seventh  among  tobacco  producing 
states;  number  pounds  grown,  1889,  19,389,166; 
value,  $1,260,565.  Dane  County,  one  of  the 
leading  tobacco  producing  districts  of  the 
country,  produced  10,040,199  pounds.  State 
produced  68,227  bushels  of  flax  seed  and  4,591 
pounds  of  fibre;  total  value,  $79,958;  hops, 
428,547  pounds;  value,  $51,983. 

HORTICULTURE,  ETC.— Latest  reports 
give  production  of  apples,  1,670,845  bushels; 
value,  $638,565;  grapes,  541,735  pounds;  value, 
$29,961;  berries,  70,768  bushels;  value,  $179,464; 
maple  sugar,  166,803  pounds;  maple  molasses, 
37,014  gallons;  honey,  1,432,766  pounds;  sor- 
ghmn,  599,031  gallons.  Number  of  nurseries, 
117,  with  1,651  acres  of  land;  capital  invested, 
$492,277.  Seed  farms,  21 ;  acreage,  2,919;  cap- 
ital, $180,878.  State  has  105  florists'  estabUsh- 
ments — 6  owned  and  managed  by  women; 
value  of  estabhshments,  $450,584;  plant  sales, 
$101,952;  cut  flower  sales,  $200,711. 

LIVE  STOCK Number  and  value  of  farm 

animals,  1891:  Horses,  463,783,  $34,441,649; 
mules,  5,342,  $438,819;  milch  cows,  701,774, 
$14,414,438;  oxen  and  other  cattle,  836,975, 
$13,749,322;  sheep,  907,708,  $2,688,630;  swine, 
1,109,660,  $5,925,584.  Dairying  has  long  been 
an  important  industry;  butter  and  cheese  of 
State  bear  a  high  reputation;  latest  available 
reports,  census  of  1885,  give  production  of 
cheese,  33,480,000  pounds;  butter,  36,240,000 
pounds. 

MINERALS — State  occupies  fifth  place 
as  a  producer  of  iron;  number  of  mines,  16; 
output,  837,399  tons— 735,429  red  hematite — 
value,  $1,840,908;  lead  and  zinc  mining  show- 
ing renewed  activity;  output  of  mines,  1889: 
Lead,  3,3.55,159  pounds;  value,  $64,0^2;  zinc, 
49,663,765  pounds;  value,  $400,567.  State  ranks 
fourth  in  production  of  zinc.  Granite  indus- 
try developed  during  past  decade;  number 
quarries,  8;  output,  1,385,600  cubic  feet;  value, 
$266,095.  Among  North  Central  States,  Wis- 
consin ranks  third  in  production  of  sandstone; 
32  quarries;  production,  1,146.736  cubic  feet; 
number  limestone  quarries,  79;  total  value  of 
prof-'ucts,  $813,963;  4,537,351  cubic  feet  of 
building  stone  quarried;  l,.'i61,611  barrels  of 
lime  manufactured;  in  1891,  425,000  barrels 
natural  rock  cement  produced;  value  of  me- 
tallic paint  produced,  $31,035. 

MANUFACTURES.— Ranks  tenth  in  pro- 
duction of  pig  iron;  manufactured,  1890,  210,- 
037  tons;  number  woolen  mills,  65;  capital, 
$4,049,529;  employe's,  3.513-876  men,  2.481 
women,  156  children;  wages  paid,  $819  623; 
cost  of  materials  used,  $2,015,658;  value  of 
products,  $3,493,155;  number  cotton  mills,  4; 
capital,  $892,509;  employes,  501;  wages  paid, 
$142,470;  cost  of  materials  used,  $382,183; 
value  of  products,  $620,196.     Milwaukee  re- 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


8d 


ports  174  separate  indu!=tries,  total  establish- 
ments, 2,867;  capital  invested,  $64,285,595; 
employes,  41,127;  wages  paid,  819,298,998; 
materials,  851,717,457;  value  of  products,  891,- 
354,933.  Most  important  manufactures  :  Malt 
liquors,  packed  meats,  leather,  foundiy  and 
machine-shop  products,  and  flour. 

LtUMBEK.— Wisconsin  River  Valley,  center 
of  most  productive  white-pine  districts  in  the 
woiid.  In  1890,  State  had  863  establishments 
engaged  in  the  lumber  industry;  capital  in- 
vested, 884,586,623;  employes,  31,050;  wages 
paid,  88,813,188;  value  materials  used,  $30,- 
755,875;  products  and  manufactures,  S49,- 
547,410;  value  of  forest  products,  S''J,361,357. 
Production  of  mills,  2.861.517.000  feet  of  lum- 
ber, 1,366,022,000  shingles,  58,187,000  staves,' 
and  7,b^l9,000  sets  of  headings.  Number  estab- 
lishments, 1880,  704;  employe's,  7,748;  capital, 
$19,824,059;  products.  81"/J52,347. 

FlSHEKlliS.— Inland  lakes  and  streams 
contain  numerous  varieties  of  excellent  fish. 
The  Wisconsin  Fish  Commission  annually 
stocks  the  waters  with  trout,  white-fish,  pike, 
and  caip.  Fisheries  of  Lake  Michigan  and 
Lake  Superior  employ  687  men,  with  514  boats; 
value  of  boats  and  apparatus,  $204,249;  capital 
invested,  $289,399.  Total  nimiber  of  pounds 
taken,  14,774,560;  value.  $36:3,026.  Most  im- 
portant were  trout,  of  which  2,885.207  pounds, 
valued  at  8130,973,  were  taken;  herring,  6,589,- 
629  pounds;  value,  $123,659;  white-fish,  1,433,- 
041;  value,  857,522. 

CIVIL  AVAK.—State  furnished  91,327  men— 
91.029  white  troops,  iSS  sailors  and  marines, 
165  colored  troops,  total  number  deaths,  12,301. 
Number  pensioners  in  State,  1891,  20,969. 

KAILAVAYS.— First  railway  in  the  State, 
20  miles  in  length,  constructed,  18.50;  numi.er 
of  miles  in  operation,  18,55,  187;  1860,  !W5;  1865, 
1,010;  1870,  1,525;  187.5,  2.566;  1880,  3,15.5;  1885, 
4,383;  1890,  5,615.  State  has  one  mile  of  rail- 
way to  each  10  square  miles. 

COUN 


EDUCATION.— state  makes  hberal  pro- 
visions for  its  common  schools.  In  18!'0,  3.50,- 
342  pupils  were  enrolled  in  public  schools; 
expenditures,  83,711,286;  school  age,  4-20; 
number  pupils  in  private  schools,  58,948.  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  chartered  1848, 
has  1,097  students.  State  normal  schools  at 
Oshkosh,  PlattevUle,  Whitewater.  River  Falls^ 
and  Milwaukee.     Number  colleges,  9. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAY.S.— January  1,  Feb- 
ruaiy  22,  'Slay  30,  June  10,  July  4,  Thanksgiv- 
ing, December  25,  and  general  election. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  —  Wisconsin 
School  for  the  Deaf,  at  Delavan,  established, 
1852;  School  for  the  Blind,  Janesville,  estab- 
lished, 1850;  Industrial  School  for  Boys,  Wau- 
kesha; Industrial  School  for  Girls,  Milwaukee; 
The  State  Pubhc  School  is  at  Sparta;  Soldiers' 
Home,  Milwaukee :  Asylums  for  Insane,  Winne- 
bago and  Mendota;  State  Prison,  Waupun. 

POSTAL Total  number  postofflces,  1,706; 

number  presidential  offices,  104—2  first-chiss, 
21  seconcl-class,  81  third-class;  number  fourth- 
class  offices,  1,602;  money  order,  338;  postal 
note,  21.  ^ 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  pi'esidential  elec- 
tiofis,  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senatoi-s,  33,  Representatives, 
100;  sessions,  biennial  in  odd-numbered  years, 
meets  second  Wednesday  in  January;  limit  of 
session,  none.  Term  of  Senators,  4  years. 
Representatives,  2  years.  Number  of  electoral 
votes,  12;  number  voters,  461,722.  Voters 
must  be  citizens  or  declared  intention,  resi- 
dents of  State  1  year;  registration  required. 
Insane,  idiots,  and  convicts,  unless  pardoned, 
excluded. 

LEGAL. —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 20yeai-s;  open  accomits  and  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  3  years;  legal  interest 
rate,  7;  by  contract,  10. 

TIES. 


Land  p 

Coimties.       Area,  foJv 
Sq.  Mis.     ^''^• 

Adams,  N-7 6W  6,889 

Ashland,  E-6...1,(>48  20,063 

Barron,  H-2...-    9(i0  15,416 

Bayfield,  D-4.  .1,406  7,390 

Brown,  L-12....    5:30  39,164 

Buffalo,  L-2.-..    6.57'  1.5,997 

Burnett,  F-l...    891  4,393 

Calumet,  N-12..    340  16,639 

Chippewa,  H-4-1.980  25,143 

Clark,  K-5 1,224  17,708 

Columbia,  Q-9--    780  28,350 

Crawford,  Q-5..    535  15,987 

Dane,  S-8 1,200  59,. 578 

Dodge.  0,-10..--    900  44,984 

Door,  J-14 450  15,682 

Douglas,  D-2-.. 1,336  13,468 

Dunn,  J-2 860  22,664 

Eau  Claire.  K-4    648  30,673 

Florence,  F-ll..    498  2,604 
Fond  du  Lac, 

O-ll..    720  44,088 

Forest,  G-10...- 1,276  1,012 

Grant,  S-5 1,130  36.651 

Green,  S-8 576  22,732 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  lo^n 
Sq.  Mis.   ^**''"- 

GreenLake,O-10   360  15.163 

Iowa,  R-6 740  22,117 

Jackson,  M-5..-    992  1.5,797 

Jefferson,  R-10.    570  33,530 

Juneau,  0-7..-.    800  17,121 

Kenosha,  T-1 2.-    280  15,581 

Kewaunee,  L-13   336  16,153 

Lacrosse,  N-4..    450  38,801 

Lafayette,  T-6..    630  20,265 

Langlade,  1-9.- -    876  9,465 

Lincoln,  H-8-...    700  12,008 

Mauitowoc.N-13   587  37,831 

Marathon.  J-8  .  .1,5^  30,369 

Marinette,H-12.1,118  20,304 

Marquette.  0-9-    481  9,676 

Milwaukee,  S-13  2.32  2.36,101 

Monroe,  0-5-...    900  23,211 

Oconto,  J-12... -1,127  15,009 

Oneida,  G-8... -2,036  5,010 

Outagamie,  L-11   640  38,690 

Ozaukee,  Q-13-.    232  14,943 

Pepin,  L-2 244  6,932 

Pierce,  K-1 570  20,385 

Polk,  H-1 955  12,968 


Counties. 


Portage,  L-8..-.    792 

Price,  G-6 1,160 

Racine,  S-12.---  340 
Richland,  Q-6..    570 

Rock,  T-9 720 

Saint  Croix,  Q-7    730 

Sauk,  G-4 8:37 

Sawyer,  K-10...  1,368 
Shawano,  P-12-.  1,152 
Sheboygan,  J-1.    515 

Taylor,  1-6 

Trempealeau, 

M-3.- 

Vemon,  P-5 

Walworth,  T-11 
Washburn,  F-2 


A^rea     ^^P 
■t\icii,     icon 

Sq.  Mis.   ^''^ 


24,798 

5,258 

36,268 

19,121 

43,220 

23,139 

30,5'i5 

1,977 

19,236 

42,489 

6,731 

18,920 
25.111 
27860 
2,926 
22,751 
33,270 
26,794 
13,507 
50,097 
18,127 
Total 54,450   1,686,880 


990 

732 
800 
570 
864 


Wash'gton,  Q-12  430 
Waukesha,  R-U  .576 
Waupaca,  L-10.  756 
Waushara,  N-9-  645 
Win'ebago,N-ll  460 
Wood,  L-7 828 


90 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


4 


n> 


A 


«, 


fo. 


td 


Hj 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


93 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


MINNESOTA. 


Min-ne-sO'ta. 
••Goplier  State." 


Indian — "Minne  Sotah,"  signifies  "Cloudy  Water." 


HISTORICAL, — Name  first  applied  to  the 
river,  whose  waters  were  usually  tinged 
with  blue  clay  from  its  main  tributary.  First 
recorded  explorations  made  by  Hennepin,  1680 ; 
forts  established  on  Lake  Pepin,  1688  and  1727. 
First  extensive  explorations  made  by  Maj. 
Long,  1817  to  1823;  Fort  Snelling  established, 
1819;  trading  post  established  on  site  of  St. 
Paul,  1838;  town  of  St.  Paul  platted,  1847; 
became  permanent  capital,  1851.  Minnesota 
Territoiy  organized,  March  3,  1849.  State  en- 
tered the  Union,  May  11,  1858;  the  nineteenth 
State  admitted. 

AREA,  ETC.  —  Total  area,  83,365  square 
miles;  land,  79.205;  water,  4,160;  extreme 
length,  north  and  south,  380  miles;  breadth 
ranges  from  183  miles  in  center  to  262  miles  on 
southern  boundary  and  337  miles  near  northern 
boundary.  Shore  line  of  navigable  waters 
within  the  State,  2,746  miles.  Mississippi  rises 
in  Minnesota  and  is  navigable  for  540  miles. 
Numerous  lakes— estimated  number,  10,000— 
range  from  one  to  thii-ty  miles  in  diameter. 
Greatest  elevation,  1,826  feet;  average,  1,000 
feet. 

CLIMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Duluth: 
Mean  winter,  10°,  extreme,  —41°;  summer,  66°, 
extreme,  99°;  St.  Paul,  winter,  11°,  extreme, 
—41°;  summer,  72°,  extreme,  100°;  St.  Vin- 
cent, winter,  —8°,  extreme,  —54°;  svunmer,  65°, 
extreme,  103°.  Average  annual  rainfall:  Du- 
luth, 32.5  inches;  St.  Paul,  27.8  inches;  St. 
Vincent.  16  6  inches. 

POPULATION.— Minnesota  ranked  thu'ty- 
sixth  in  population  in  1850,  thirtieth  in  1860, 
twenty-eighth  in  1870,  twenty-sixth  in  1880, 
and  twentieth  in  1890.  Total  population,  1850, 
6,077;  1860,  172,023;  1870,  439,706;  1880,  780,773; 
1890.  1,301,826.  Classification:  Male,  695,321; 
female,  606,505;  native,  834,470;  foreign,  467,356; 
white,  1,296,159;  colored,  5,667— Africans,  3,683; 
Chinese,  94;  Japanese,  2;  Indians,  1888. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES.— Minneapolis,  the 
largest  city  in  point  of  population,  has  exten- 
sive manufactures;  one  of  the  leading  cities  in 
the  country  in  production  of  flour  and  lumber; 
number  of  inhabitants,  164,738;  St  Paul,  the 
capital,  also  prominent  as  a  manufacturing 
center,  population,  133,156;  Duluth,  an  import- 
ant grain  market;  capacity  of  its  elevators, 
21,250,000  bushels,  population,  33,115:  popula- 
tion of  Winona,  18,208;  Stillwater,  11,260. 

URBAN  POPULATION.— The  past  dec- 
ade shows  a  large  increase  in  the  urban  pop- 
ulation. State  has  now  thirty-one  cities  and 
towns  with  2,000  or  more  inhabitants.  Numer- 
ical increases  were  greatest  in  Minneapolis. 
117,851;  St.  Paul,  91,683;  Duluth,  32,277,  and 
Winona,  8,000.  Largest  percentages  of  in- 
crease: Duluth,  3,851.67  per  cent.;  Little 
Falls,  363.39;  South  St.  Paul,  358.49;  Minne- 
apohs,  251.35;  St.  Paul,  221.07. 

AGRICULTURE.- Agriculture  is  thechief 
industry  of  the  State.  Number  of  farms, 
94,458.  Wheat  the  staple  crop;  Minnesota 
leads  all  other  States  in  production  of  this 
cereal;  yield,   1891,  55,333,000,  bushels,  value, 


$43,159,692;  corn,  21,586,000  bushels,  value, 
$8,418,436;  oats,  52,015,000  bushels,  value,  $14,- 
044,163;  census  returns  give  9,100,683  bush- 
els of  barley;  1,2.52,663  rye;  281,705  buckwheat. 
State  ranks  first  in  value  and  production  of 
flax;  yield  of  seed,  1889,  2,721,987  bushels; 
fiber,  8,609  pounds;  total  value,  $2,811,384; 
potatoes.  7,587,000  bushels;  hay,  2,112,000  tons. 

HORTICULTURE,  ETC.- Fruit  culture 
is  receiving  increasing  attention.  Among  the 
indigenous  fruits  are  crab-apples,  cranberries, 
strawberries,  plums,  and  grapes.  Latest  re- 
turns give  169,926  bearing  apple  trees.  State 
has  69  nurseries,  area,  1,726  acres;  value,  $504,- 
045  There  are  six  seed  farms,  area,  1,140  acres ; 
capital  $47,737.  State  has  51  florists'  establish- 
ments— 5  owned  and  managed  by  women; 
value,  $388,181;  total  number  plants  propa- 
gated, 1,489,200;  plant  sales,  $96,823;  cutflower 
sales,  $205,672. 

LIVE  STOCK — The  live-stock  interest  an 
important  and  growing  industry.  Number 
and  value  of  farm  animals,  1891:  Hors  s, 
461,185,  $35,309,345;  mules,  10,271,  $869,410; 
milch  cows,  577,254,  $11,112,140;  swine,  591,885, 
$3,429,384;  sheep,  357,101,  $998,598;  oxen  and 
other  cattle,  641,946,  $10,187,680;  over  12  per 
cent,  of  cattle  high  grade  stock.  Soil  and 
climate  peculiarly  adapted  to  sheep-raising; 
wool  clip  yearly  averages  1,650,000  pounds. 
Dairy  interest  an  important  one;  total  value 
for  1888,  $44,325,000;  latest  reports  give 27,953,- 
028  poimds  of  butter  and  1,303,329  pounds  of 
cheese. 

MINERALS.— Iron  the  principal  mineral. 
State  ranks  sixth  in  total  production — third  in 
production  of  red  hematite  ore ;  output,  1889, 
864,508  tons,  value,  $2,478,041;  copper  exists  on 
shores  of  Lake  Superior.  The  stone  industry 
has  made  remarkable  advances  during  past 
decade.  Total  number  quarries,  1880,  41 ;  value 
of  product,  $255,818;  number  quarries,  1889, 
102,  production,  $1,102,008.  Value  of  granite 
quarried,  1880,  $13,075;  1889,  $356,782.  Minne- 
sota ranks  ninth  in  total  production  of  lime- 
stone and  fifth  in  building  stone;  total  output, 
7,277,348  cubic  feet,  value,  $380,556;  number 
sandstone  quarries,  7;  output,  4,156,224  cubic 
feet;  production  of  natural  rock  cement,  1890, 
87,650  barrels,  value,  $65,737. 

MANUFACTURES. -Prmcipal  branches- 
lumbering,  flouring  and  grist  mills,  brewing, 
agricultural  machinery,  furniture,  and  wagon 
making.  Lumber  and  flour  lead  in  importance. 
Minneapolis  is  the  center  of  the  flour  industry ; 
capital  invested,  1890,  $9,960,997;  value  of 
products,  $27,758,790.  Total  number  of  indus- 
tries in  the  city,  162;  capital,  $40,763,718;  value 
of  products,  $77,146,451.  St.  Paul  reports  116 
industries,  with  1,421  establishments;  capital, 
$21,438  588;  value  of  products,  $31,0(58,200.  In 
1880  the  manufactures  of  St.  Louis  County,  in- 
cluding those  of  Duluth,  were  valued  at  $203,- 
783.  In  1890,  Duluth  had  53  industries  with  285 
establishments;  capital,  $5,411,614;  employes, 
4,445 ;  wages  paid,  $2, 183,510;  value  of  products, 
$8,902,718.   Lumber  ranked  first  in  importance. 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


93 


"WOOL,  INDUSTRY.  —  In  1880,  Minnesota 
had  14  establishments  engaged  in  the  wool 
manufactures;  capital  invested,  $198,500;  em- 
ployes, S41;  wages  paid,  $48,927;  cost  of 
materials  used,  S160.867:  value  of  products, 
$263,378.  In  1890,  establishments  numbered 
27;  capital,  $885,716;  employes,  470;  wages, 
$1674323;  materials  used,  $399,487;  products, 
$730,226. 

LUMBER.  —  State  has  320  estabhshments 
engaged  in  the  lumber  industry:  capital  in- 
vested, $27,497,187;  employes,  9,927;  wages  paid 
during  year,  $2,860,090;  value  of  materials  used. 
$11,972,854;  value  of  products,  $19,123,023; 
production  of  mill^,  1 ,  028, 665, 000  feet  of  lumber ; 
460,472,000  shingles;  6,300,0QP  staves;  4.50,000 
sets  of  headings.  In  1880,  iMinneapolis  ranked 
third  in  importance  among  the  six  principal 
lumbering  cities  in  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and 
Minnesota;  in  1890  it  ranked  first.  Value  of 
total  production  was  .$2.5,837,239,  of  which  over 
one-fourth,  or  $6,5&4,456,  was  produced  in 
Minneapolis. 

RAILWAYS. —First  railroad.  St.  Paul  to 
St  Anthony— 10 miles -completed,  July  2.  1862. 
Number  of  miles  in  operation  in  1863,  31 ;  1865, 
213;  1870,  1.092;  187.5,  1,990;  1880,  3,151:  1885, 
4,319;  1890,  5..545;  Jan.  1,  1892,  5,629.  State  has 
one  mile  of  railway  to  each  14  square  miles. 

CIVIL  WAR— State  furnished  24,020  men 
—2.3,913  white  troops;  sailors  and  marines,  3; 
I  colored  troops,  1(M:  number  deaths,  2,584. 
State  has  10.876  pensioners. 

EDUCATION.— State  had  281,859  pupils 
enrolled  in  common  schools,  1890:  expendi- 
tures, S4.0:i3,.516.  School  age.  5-21:  number 
pupils  in  private  schools,  36,907.  University 
of   Minnesota,  Minneapolis,  established  1869, 


has  1,200  students.  Normal  schools,  Winona, 
Mankato,  St.  Cloud,  and  Moorhead— over  1,500 
students  enrolled.    State  has  6  colleges. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  Good  Friday,  3Iay  30,  July  4,  Thanks- 
giving, and  December  25. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  —  Schools  foi- 
the  deaf,  blind,  and  feeble-minded  at  Fari- 
bault; State  Reform  School.  St.  Paul;  State 
Public  School,  Owatonna,  established  1885; 
State  Reformatory,  St.  Cloud;  Minnesota 
Hospital  for  Insane.  Saint  Peter,  established 
1866;  Hospital  for  Insane,  Rochester,  estab- 
lished 1878 ;  at  Fergus  Falls,  opened  1888.  Min- 
nesota Soldiers'  Home,  ^finnehaha  FaUs, 
estabUshed,  1887.    State  Pinson,  Stillwater. 

POST AL.— Total  number  post  offices,  1,309; 
number  presidential  offices,  71—3  first-class; 
8  second  class:  60  fourth-cla.ss:  number  of 
fourth-class  offices,  1,238;  money  order,  249; 
postal  note,  17. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,congressional,  and  presidential  elections, 
Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November; 
number  of  Senatoi-s,  54 ;  Representatives,  114; 
sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  years  — 
meets  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  January; 
limit  of  se.ssion,  90  days;  term  of  Senators,  4 
years;  Representatives,  2  years.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  9;  number  voters,  376.0.36. 
Voters  must  be  citizens  or  declared  intention, 
residents  of  State  4  months,  of  county  and 
precinct,  10  days;  registration  required.  Idiots, 
msane,  and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments. 10  years;  open  accounts,  6:  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  3  months ;  legal  inter- 
est rate,  7;  by  contract,  10. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Aitkin,  J-9 4,900 

Anoka,  P-10  ....    430 

Becker,  1-4 1,400 

Beltrami.  F-6... 5,040 
Benton,  N-8  ....  390 
Bigstone.  0-2...  450 
Blue  Earth,  T-8.    750 

Brown,  S-7  .585 

Carlton.  K-11...    860 

Carver,  R-9 ;^0    . 

Cass,  1-7 2,990 

Chippewa,  P-4..  575 
Chisago,  Oil---    435 

Clay,  1-2 .1,009 

Cook,  A-12  1..520 

Cottonwood,  T-5  640 
Crow  Wing,  L-8.  .5.50 
Dakota.  R-10  ...  575 
Dodge,  U- 11  ....  4;30 
Douglas,  M-5  ...  720 
Faribault.  V8.-  720 
Fillmore,  V-12--  864 
Freeborn,  V-10.-  720 
Goodhue,  S-11  -.    755 

Grant,  M-3 576 

Hennepin,  P-9--  580 
Houston,  V-13..  565 
Hubbard,  1-6-..    575 


Pop. 

1890. 

2.462 

9,8&4 

9,401 

312 

6,284 

5,722 

29,210 

15,817 

5,272 

W.hi 

1,247 

8,  .555 

10.:^9 

11,517 

98 

7,412 

8,852 

20,240 

10,864 

14,606 

16,708 

25,966 

17,962 

28,806 

6,875 

185,294 

14,653 

1,412 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  foiS" 

Sq.  Mis.  ■^'^• 

Isanti,  O-IO 450  7,607 

Itasca,  E  -8 5, 4;J0  743 

Jackson.  V-5  ...    720  8,924 

Kanabec,  M-9. . .    .522  1,.579 

Kandiyohi,  P-6  .    860  13,997 

Kittson,  B-3 2,245  5,387 

Lac-quiParle,Q-3  650  10,382 

Lake,  G-14 2,;380  1,299 

Lesueur,  S-9 460  19,057 

Lincoln,  S-3 500  .5,691 

Lyon,  S-4 720  9,  .501 

McLeod.  Q-7....    504  17,026 

Marshall,  D-3... 1,810  9,130 

Mai-tin,  V-7 720  9,403 

Meeker,  P-7  ....    mO  1.5,456 

Millelacs,  M-9--    580  2,845 

Morrison,  M-7  . .    970  13,325 

Mower,  V-11....    675  18,019 

Mtirray ,  T-4  . .  -  -    720  6, 692 

Nicollet,  S-7...-    455  13,382 

Nobles,  V-4 720  7,958 

Norman,  H-3.- -1,440  10,618 

Olmsted,  U-12  . .    648  19,806 

OttertaU,  K-4.. -2,200  34,232 

Pine,  M-11----     1,400  4,052 

Pipestone,  T-3..    460  5,132 

Polk,  F-2 3,030  30,192 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  Fq£: 
Sq.  Mis.   ^'^^• 

Pope,  N-5 720  10,032 

Ramsey,  Q-IO...    162      1.39,796 

Redwood,  S-5  .-    870  9,.386 

Renville,  R  6 -- .    900  17,099 

Rice,  S-10 505  2.3,968 

Rock,  V-3         ..    470  6,817 

St.  Louis,  F-12.- 5,860  44,862 

Scott,  R-9 ;i55  1.3,831 

Sherburne,  0-8  .424  5,908 

Sibley,  R-7 588  15,199 

Stearns,  0-7  .--.1,334  34,844 

Steele,  T-10 430  13,2.32 

Stevens,  N-3--.-    576  5,251 

Swift,  P-4 653  10,161 

Todd,  L-6 972  12,9:30 

Traverse,  N-2...    5.52  4,.516 

Wabasha.  S-12..    540  16,970 

Wadena ,  J-6 540  4,0.53 

Waseca,  T-9 430  13,313 

Washington. Q-11  400  25,992 

Watonwan,  U-7.    430  7,746 

Wilkin,  K-2 725  4,.346 

Winona,  T-13.-.    630  33,797 

Wright,  P-8 684  24,164 

YellowMedicine, 

R-4 612  9,854 

Total. --.79,205    1,301,8:26 


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IOWA. 


I'o-wah. 
"Hawkeye  State." 


Franco-Indian—"  Drowsy,"  applied  to  a  tribe  of  Indians. 


HISTORICAL.— First  settlement  made 
near  present  site  of  Dubuque,  1788.  Country 
formed  part  of  Louisiana  purchase  of  1803. 
Permanent  settlements  were  made  at  Fort 
Madison,  Burlington,  and  Dubuque,  1833.  Des 
Moines  established,  1843.  Iowa  Territory  or- 
ganized, June,  1838.  State  constitution  adopt- 
ed, 1&46.  State  admitted,  December  28,  1&16, 
the  sixteenth  admitted  after  the  adoption  of 
the  Federal  constitution. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Des  Moines: 
Mean  winter,  17°,  extreme,  —30°;  summer,  75°, 
extreme.  104°;  Dubuque:  winter,  17°,  extreme, 
—32°;  summer.  75°,  extreme,  101°;  Keokuk; 
winter,  23°,  extreme,  —24°;  summer,  77°,  ex- 
treme, 104°.  Average  annual  rainfall,  Des 
Moines,  36.4  inches;  Dubuque,  37.3  inches; 
Keokuk,  3(5.5  inches. 

AREA,  ETC — State  has  an  area  of  56,025 
square  miles;  55.475  square  miles  land,  550 
square  miles  water;  length,  east  and  west,  300 
miles;  breadth,  208  miles.  Lies  entirely  within 
the  Prairie  region  of  the  Mississippi  Valley: 
surface  generally  undulating;  elevation  rang- 
ing from  500  to  1,700  feet;  mean-  elevation,  9^5 
feet.  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers  form  the 
eastern  and  western  boundaries;  both  are 
navigable.  Principal  interior  rivers,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  and  Little  Sioux.  Big  Sioux 
bounds  the  State  on  the  northwest. 

POPULATION. —Iowa  ranked  twenty- 
ninth  in  1840,  twenty-seventh  in  1850,  twenti- 
eth in  1860,  eleventh  in  1870,  tenth  in  1880  and 
1890.  Total  population,  1840,  43.112;  1850,  192, 
214;  1860.  674,913;  1870,  1,194,020;  1880,  1,624,- 
615;  1890,  1,911.896.  Classification:  Male,  994,- 
453;  female,  917,443;  native,  1,587,827;  foreign, 
324,069;  white,  1,901,086;  colored,  10,810— Afri- 
cans, 10,685;  Chinese,  64;  Japanese,  1;  Indi- 
ans, 60. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES — Des  Moines,  the 
capital  and  largest  city,  population,  50.093; 
Sioux  City,  second  in  importance,  prominent 
railroad  and  manufacturing  center,  popula- 
tion, 37,806;  Dubuque,  center  of  an  important 
trade,  is  a  United  States  port  of  delivery,  pop- 
ulation, 30,311.  Population  of  Davenport,  26,- 
872;  Burlington,  22,565;  Coimcil  Bluffs.  21,474. 

URBAN  POPULATION.— Census  of  1890 
gives  twenty-three  cities  and  towns  with  4,000 
or  more  inhabitants.  Many  cities  show  large 
increases  over  the  population  of  1880.  Great- 
est increase  shown  in  Sioux  City;  population. 
1880,  7.366;  1890,  37,806;  increase,  30,440,  or 
413.25  per  cent.  Increase  in  Des  Moines,  27,- 
685  or  123.55  per  cent.;  Cedar  Rapids,  78.35  per 
cent.;  Ottuniwa.  55.50;  Clinton,  50.45. 

AGRICULTURE.— One  of  the  greatest  of 
the  agricultural  states.  Soil  and  climate  es- 
pecially fitted  for  the  industry,  the  main  occu- 
pation of  the  people.  Area  of  cultivated  land, 
1890.  17,563,200  acres.  State  leads  all  others 
m  production  of  corn;  yield,  1891.  350,878,000 
bushels,  value,  $105,263,483;  wheat,  27,586,000 
bushels,  value,  $22,345,025;  oats,  102,577,000 
bushels,  value,  $26,669,900;  barley,  1890.  13,- 
4G6.122  bushels;  rye,   1,445,283  bushels;  buck- 


wheat, 286,746  bushels.  In  1890  there  were  12,- 
560,890  acres  under  cereals.  Potatoes,  flax, 
tobacco,  and  castor-oil  plant  largely  grown. 
Irish  potatoes  average  98  bushels  to  the  acre ; 
average  annual  value  about  $5,000,000;  aver- 
age yield  sweet  potatoes  per  acre,  90  bushels, 
annual  value,  nearly  $3,000,000.  Iowa  ranks 
second  among  flax-producing  states,  yieid 
of  seed,  1889,  2,282,359  bushels;  fiber,  6,281 
pounds;  value  of  products,  $2,323,974;  tobacco 
crop,  74,396  pounds. 

HORTICULTURE,  ETC.— Fruit  culture 
attracting  great  attention.  Apples  are  largely 
grown,  and  pears,  grapes,  and  small  fruits  are 
successfully  cultivated.  Value  of  orchard 
and  vineyard  product,  1891,  $3,000,000;  small 
fruits,  $750  000.  State  has  183  nurseries 
of  12,049  acres  of  land;  capital  invested, 
$1,591,790.  Of  fruit  trees,  apples  lead  in  im- 
portance; total  number  acres  in  nurseries, 
under  apples,  1,741,  plums,  562;  cherries,  506; 
pears,  258 ;  among  small  fruits  475  acres  are 
under  strawberries.  Iowa  has  18  seed  farms 
with  11,152  acres  of  land;  value,  $633,923. 
Number  establishments  engaged  in  floricul- 
ture, 69 — 9  owned  and  managed  by  women; 
number  feet  of  glass,  476,583;  value,  $424,158; 
plant  sales,  $125,164;  cut  flowers,  $107,633.  . 

LIVE    STOCK The   live  stock  interests 

ai'e  large  and  yearly  increasing  in  importance. 
Number  and  value  of  farm  animals,  1891; 
Horses,  1,314,360,  $86,921,929;  mules,  41,029,  $2,- 
995,598;  milch  cows,  1,304,184,  $24,479,5M; 
cattle,  2,707,049,  $50,792,352;  sheep,  565,031, 
$1,933,084;  swine,  7,105,320,  $41,645,703.  In  the 
number  and  value  of  swine,  Iowa  exceeds  all 
other  states.  It  is  only  excelled  by  New  York 
in  number  and  value  of  milch  cows.  Average 
wool  clip,  1,750,000  pounds.  Value  of  poultry 
product,  $5,600,000. 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS The  dairy  interest 

is  rapidly  becoming  as  important  as  that  of 
farming.  Excellent  butter  and  cheese  are 
largely  produced  and  shipped  to  Eastern  and 
Southern  markets.  Butter  product,  -1891, 
168,690,715  pounds,  value,  $33,738,148;  cfieese, 
5,000,000  pounds,  value,  $450,000. 

MINERALS.— Coal  occupies  chief  place  in 
mineral  resources;  Iowa  ranks  fifth  in  pi'oduc- 
tion;  area,  1,800  square  miles;  coal  is  mined  in 
26coimties;  output,  1889,  4,095,358  tons,  value, 
$5,426,509.  Lead  district  in  northeastern  part 
of  State  covers  700  square  miles.  Mines  in 
vicinity  of  Dubuque— area  about  15  square 
miles — have  been  id  ost  productive ;  ores  yielded 
70  per  cent  of  lead.  Zinc  produced,  1889,  450 
tons;  iron  is  found  in  a  limited  extent.  Lime- 
stone quarried  chiefly  in  eastern  and  south- 
eastern parts  of  State;  value  of  output,  1889, 
$530,863;  number  sandstone  quarries,  11;  out- 
put, $80,251;  gypsum  deposits  large;  23,000 
tons  of  land  plaster  sold  1889  and  5,507  tons  of 
plaster  paris  made;  total  value  of  products, 
$55  250. 

MANUFACTURES.  —  Manufacturing  in- 
dustries rapidly  increasing  in  importance. 
'Chief  articles   manufactured,    flour,    packed 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


97 


meats,  furniture,  carriages,  wagons,  agricul- 
tural implements,  woolens,  and  foundry  and 
machine  shop  products.  Nimiber  woolen 
mills,  1890,24;  capital,  $901,900;  employe's,  387; 
wages  paid,  $135,790;  cost  of  materials  used, 
$507,478;  value  of  products,  $700,981.  Des 
Jloines  reports  a  total  of  79  industries  with 
297  establishments:  an  invested  capital  of 
$2,792,979:  valueof  products,  $5,242,992.  Sioux 
City,  50  industries,  195establ)snments;  $4.9:38,- 
606  cap'tal;  $14,164,667  products,  of  which 
$7,589,228  represent-ed  meat  products. 

RAILWAYS.— State  had  68  miles  of  rail- 
road in  operation  in  1855;  1860,  655 miles;  1865, 
891;  1870,  2.683;  1875,  3.850;  1880,  5,4(X):  188.5, 
7,525;  1890,  8,416;  January  1,  1892,  8,444  miles, 
or  one  mile  of  railway  to  each  6.63  square 
miles. 

EDUCATIOX Iowa  has  493,260  pupils  en- 
rolled in  its  common  schools.  Expenditures, 
1890,  $6,700,000;  permanent  school  fund,  1891. 
^4,475,000.  School  age,  5-21.  Number  pupils 
in  private  schools,  .36,0;38.  State  University, 
Iowa  City,  established,  1847.  Normal  school 
opened  at  Cedar  Falls,  1876.  State  Agri- 
cultural College,  Ames,  opened  1869.  State 
has  20  colleges. 

LEGAL,  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  May 
30,  July  4,  first  Monday  in  September,  Thanks- 
giving, and  December  25. 

STATE   INSTITUTIONS.  -Iowa  CoUege  j 
for  Blind  at  Yintou ;  Institute  for  Deaf  and  > 


Dumb,  Council  Bluffs;  Industrial  School  for 
boys,  Eldora:  School  for  Girls,  3IitcheUville; 
Asylum  for  feeble-minded  children,  Glenwood ; 
Soldiers"  Orphans'  Home,  Davenport :  Soldiers' 
Home,  Marshalltown;  Insane  asylums,  Mount 
Pleasant,  Independe-ice,  and  Clariuda;  State 
penitentiaries.  Fort  Madison  and  Anamosa. 

CIYIL  WAR.— Iowa  furnished  76,242  men— 
75,797  white  troops;  5  tailors  and  marines;  440 
colored  troops;  total  number  deaths,  13,001; 
number  pensioners  in  State,  1891,  28,430. 

POSTAL — Total  number  post  offices,  1,795; 
number  presidential  offices,  156 — 7  first  class; 
21  second  class ;  128  third  class ;  number  fourth 
class  offices,  1.639;  mouev  order,  628. 

POLITICAL. —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators,  50;  Representatives, 
100;  sessions  bienpial,  in  even-numbered  years, 
meets  second  Monday  in  January-;  limit  of 
session,  none;  term  of  Senators,  4  years:  Rep 
resentatives,  2  years.  Number  of  electoral 
votes,  13;  number  voters,  520,332.  Voters 
must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of  State  6 
months,  of  county  60  days;  registration 
required.  Idiots,  insane,  and  criminals,  ex- 
cluded. 

LEG AL.  ^ Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  years;  open  accounts.  5;  notes,  10; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  3  years.  Legal  interest 
rate,  6;  by  contract,  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.           Area,  iQ,,n' 
Sq.  Mis.     ^°^ 

Adair,  L-7 576  14,5.34 

Adams,   M-7 432  12,292 

Allamakee,  B-17-  615  17,907 

Appanoose,  0-13.  500  18,961 

Audubon,  J-6...-  432  12,412 

Benton,  1-15 720  24.178 

Blackhawk,  G-14  576  ^.219 

Boone,  1-9. 576  2:3,772 

Bremer,  E-14  ...  432  14,6:30 

Buchanan.  F-16.-  576  18.997 

Buena  Vista,  E-5    576  i:3,.^8 

Butler.    F-13 576  1.5,463 

Calhoun,  G-7----  576  1:3, 1U7 

Carroll,  1-6 576  18,828 

Cass,   L-6 576  19,645 

Cedar,  J-18 576     '  18,2.53 

CerroGordo,D-ll  576  14,864 

Cherokee,  F-4...  576  15,6.59 

Chickasaw,  D-14.  504  15,019 

Clarke,  M-10 432  11,332 

Clay,  D5 576  9,309 

Claj'ton,  E-17....  745  26.73:3 

Clinton,  1-20 680  41,199 

Crawford,  1-4.-..  720  18,894 

Dallas,  J-9.. 576  20,47<» 

Davis,  0-14 500  1.5,-J5.S 

Decatur,  O-IO 534  15,643 

Delaware,  F-17..  576  17,349 

Des  Moines, N-18.  400  35,.S24 

Dickinson,  B-5     .  408  4,328 

Dubuqu-,  G-9....  600  49,848 

Emmet,  B-7  ---.  408  4,274 

Fayette,  E-16....  720  2.3,141 

Floyd,  D-13 504  1.5,424 


Land  p 

Counties.          Arc^a,  icdli' 

Sq.  Mis.  1^^- 

Franklin,  E-11...  576  12,871 

Fremont,  0-4 500  16,842 

Greene,  1-8 576  15,797 

Grundy,  G-13.-..  504  13,215 

Guthrie,  J-7 570  17,:380 

Hamilton,  G -10..  576  1.5,.319 

Hancock,   D-10..  .576  7,621 

Hardin,  G-11 576  19,003 

Harrison,  K3-..  605  21,:356 

Henry,  N-17 432  18,895 

Howard,  B-14....  480  11,182 

Humboldt,  E-8--.  4:32  9,8:36 

Ida,  G-4 4:32  10,705 

Iowa,  J-15 576  18,2i0 

Jackson,  H-20...  612  22,771 

Jasper,  K-12 720  24.913 

JefEeison,  M-16..  4:32  15,184 

Johnson,  K-17--.  575  23,082 

Jones,  H-18 576  20,23:3 

Keokuk,  L- 15  ..-  576  2:3,862 

Kossuth,  C-8 im  13,120 

Lee,  0-17 480  37,715 

Linn,  H-17 720  45.:303 

Louisa,  M-18 300  11,873 

Lucas,  N-11 4:32  14,563 

Lvon,  B-2. 600  8,680 

Madison,   L-9....  576  15,977 

Mahaska.  L-13  . .  576  28,805 

Marion.  L-12 576  23,058 

Marshall.  M 2....  576  25,842 

Mills,  N-4 448  14,548 

MitcheU.  B-13-...  480  1.3.299 

Monona,  1-3 684  14,515 

Monroe,  N-12....  4.32  13,666 


Land        p 
Counties.  Area,       !,Q,i, 

Sq.  Ml^.      ^^^ 

Montgomery,  M-5  4:32  15,848 

Muscatine.   K-18-  4:35  24,504 

O'Brien,  C-4 .576  1:3,060 

Osceola,  B-4 408         5.574 

Page,  N-5 ..-  528  21341 

Palo  Alto.  I)-7  .-  576         9,318 

Plj-muuth,  E-2...  818  19,.568 
Pocahontas,  E-7.  576         9,.55:3 

Polk,  J-10 576  6.5,410 

Pottawattamie, 

L-4 900  47,4:30 

Poweshiek.  J-14.  576  18  .394 

Ringgold,  0-8.--.  515  i:3,.556 

Sac,  G-5.       --..     .576  14,.522 

Scott,   K-20 440  43,164 

Shelby,  J-5 576  17,611 

Sioux,  D-2 768  18,.370 

Story,  H-11 576  18,127 

Tama,  H-14. 720  21.651 

Taylor,  0-7 510  1 6,-384 

Union,  N-8 432  16,900 

Van  Buren,  0-15.  480  16,253 

Wapello,  N-14..-  432  30,426 

Warren,  L-IO....  .576  18,209 

Washington,  L-16  576  18,468 

Wayne,  O-ll....  525  1.5,670 

Webster,  G-8     ..  720  21,582 
Winnebago.  B-10  408         7.325  i 

Winneshiek,  C-16  696  22,528 

Woodbury,  G-2.-  800  55.632 

Worth,  B-11 408         9.247 

Wright.  E-10 576  12.0.57 

Total 55,475  1,911,896 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


99 


100 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


MISSOURI. 


Mis-soo'ree. 


Indian— Signifies  ' '  Muddy/' 


HISTORIC  A.L.— Fort  Orleans  (near  Jeffer- 
son City),  built  1719.  First  settlement,  that 
made  by  French,  at  Ste.  Genevieve,  early  in 
eighteenth  century.  St.  Louis  founded,  1764. 
Country  under  Spanish  and  French  authority 
until  1803,  when  purchased  by  United  States. 
Corstituted  Louisiana  Territory  until  1813, 
when  it  became  the  Territory  of  Missouri. 
Act  enabling  Missouri  to  become  a  State- 
known  as  Missouri  Compromise  —  approved 
June  26,  1821.  State,  the  eleventh  in  order  of 
admission.  Constitutions  adopted  1820,  1865, 
amended  1869  and  1875. 

AREA,  ETC.— Total  number  square  miles, 
69,415;  water  surface,  680  square  miles;  land 
surface,  68,735  square  miles;  extreme  length, 
north  and  south,  275  miles;  average  breadth, 
245  miles;  varies  from  208  miles  in  the  north 
to  312  in  the  south.  Greatest  altitude,  Cedar 
Gap,  1,675  feet.  Mississippi  River  frontage 
neai'ly  500  miles;  Missouri  River,  crossing  the 
State  in  an  easterly  direction,  i^rincipal  nat- 
ural feature. 

CLIMATE.  — Temperature  at  St.  Louis: 
Mean  Avinter,  30°,  extreme,  — 22°;  summer, 
79°,  extreme,  106°.  Springfield,  winter,  32°, 
extreme,  — 11°;  summer,  75°,  extreme.  99°. 
Average  annual  rainfall,  38.4  inches;  Spring- 
field, 48.5  inches. 

POPUIiATION.— Missouri  ranked  twenty- 
third  in  population  in  1810  and  1820,  twenty- 
first  in  1830,  sixteenth  in  1840,  thirteenth  in 
1850,  eighth  in  1860,  fifth  in  1870, 1880,  and  1890. 
Total  population,  1810,  20  845;  1820,  66.557; 
1830,  140,455;  1840,  383.702;  1850,  682.044;  1860, 
1,182  012;  1870,  1.721.295;  1880,  2,168.380;  1890, 
2,679,184.  Classification:  Male,  1.385,238;  fe- 
male, 1,293,946  ;  native,  2,444,315  ;  foreign, 
234,869;  white,  2,528,458;  colored,  150.726  — 
Africans,  150,184;  Chinese,  409;  Japanese,  6; 
Indians.  127. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.- St.  Louis,  the 
metropolis,  commercial  and  financial  center 
of  State  and  the  Mississippi  Vallej^,  fifth 
important  city  in  United  States,  population. 
451,770;  Kansas  City,  second  in  commercial 
importance,  prominent  as  a  railroad  centei", 
population,  132,716;  St.  Josepli,  an  important 
railroad  center  in  the  northwest,  population. 
52  324;  Springfield,  most  important  town  of 
Southwestern  Missouri,  population,  21.850; 
Jefferson  City,  the  capital,  poi^ulation,  6,742. 

URBAN  POPULATION.  —  State  shows 
large  increase  during  past  decade.  In  1880, 
fourteen  cities  and  towns  had  a  population  of, 
4.000  or  more;  aggregate  bemg  505,903.  In 
1890,  twenty-nine  cities  had  4,000  or  more  in- 
habitants; aggregate,  811,568.  Numerical  in- 
creases greatest  m  St.  Louis,  101,252;  Kansas 
City,  76,931;  St.  Joseph,  19,893;  Springfield, 
15,328.  Largest  percentages  of  increase— Ne- 
vada, 279.61  per  cent.;  Springfield,  235;  Webb 
City,  217.57. 

AGRICULTURE Staple   products, 

cereals,  tobacco,  'and  fruit.  State  is  second 
only  to  Illinois  and  Iowa  as  a  producer  of  corn. 
Principal  crops,  1891:  Corn,  203,210,000 bushels; 


wheat,  25,732,000  bushels ;  oats,  27,568,000 
bushels.  Latest  reports  give  tobacco  product, 
9,424,823  pounds;  hay,  potatoes,  and  sweet  po- 
tatoes are  also  grown.  Missoiu'i  occupies  an 
important  place  among  fruit- producing  States ; 
apples,  peaches,  and  grapes  are  grown  in  all 
parts  of  the  State.  Missouri  has  10,000  acres 
under  bearing  vines,  yield  per  acre,  6  000 
pounds.  In  1889,  45,000,000  pounds  of  grapes 
sold  for  table  use,  and  1,250  000  gallons  of  wine 
made.    State  ranks  fourth  in  the  industry. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Stock  breeding  and  graz- 
ing the  leading  interest  on  farms.  State  sec- 
ond only  to  Iowa  and  Illinois  in  number  of 
swine— 4,632,264.  In  1891,  led  in  number  and 
value  of  mules— 248,850,  $15,911,437;  value  of 
cattle  and  milch  cows,  $47,042,051 ;  horses, 
$54,892,332. 

MINERALS.— Missouri  is  rich  in  mineral 
wealth.  Coal,  iron,  lead,  and  zinc  are  mined. 
Coal  is  produced  in  thirty -five  counties,  area, 
26.900  square  miles;  output,  1889,  2,557,823  tons; 
iron  and  lead  deposits,  chiefly  south  of  Mis- 
souri River,  yield  of  eight  iron  mines  in  1889, 
265.718  long  tons.  Missouri  ranks  second  only 
to  Colorado  in  value  and  production  of  lead, 
yield,  1889,  44,482  tons.  State  leads  in  produc- 
tion of  zinc  ore,  produced  93  131  tons,  valued 
at  $3,595,218.    Copper  and  petroleum  exist. 

Q  IF  A  RR  IBS. —Granite,  sandstone,  and 
limestone  are  quarried.  In  the  Ozark  region, 
valuable  deposits  of  onyx  have  been  discov- 
ered; the  industry  is  now  being  developed. 
State  has  10  granite  quarries;  output.  1889, 
1,264,317  cubic  feet,  value,  $500,642.  Ranks 
twelfth  in  production  of  sandstone;  17  quar- 
ries, output,  734,370  cubic  feet,  value,  $155,5.57; 
limestone  industry  large  and  important. 
State  occupies  fourth  place  as  a  producer, 
value  of  total  product,  $1,859,969;  lime,  $465,- 
390. 

MANUFACTURES.— Among  the  most  ex- 
tensive in  the  country.  Prominent  among 
manufactures  are  those  of  iron,  agricultural 
implements,  flour,  beer,  and  meat-packing. 
St.  Louis  is  the  center  of  the  manufacturing 
industries.  In  1890.  the  city  reported  6,148  es- 
tablishments; employes,  93,610;  capital  in- 
vested, $140,775,392;  cost  of  materials  used, 
$122,010,805;  value  of  products,  $228,714  317. 

RAILWAYS.— First  railroad  operated  in 
State,  1849— Independence  &  Missouri,  In- 
dependence to  Missouri  River,  4  miles.  Num- 
ber of  miles  in  1855,  139;  1860,  817;  1865,  9;,'5; 
1870,  2,000;  1875,  2,905;  1880,  3,965;  1885,  4,987; 
1890,  6,142;  January  1,  1892,  6,188.  State  has 
one  mile  of  railway  to  each  11.2  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.— Public  school  system 
adopted,  1839;  school  age,  6-20;  annual  ex- 
penditures, over  $5,000,000.  Number  pupils  in 
public  schools,  1889,  620,324;  niunber  of  school 
age,  850,000.  Pupils  in  private  schools,  58,637. 
Normal  schools  at  Kirksville,  Warrensburg, 
and  Cape  Girardeau.  State  University  at 
Columbia,  organized  1840. 

CIVIL  WAR. —  State  furnished  109,111 
men:    100,616   white  troops,    151  sailors  and 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


101 


I  marines,  and  8,344  colored  troops;  total  num- 
ber deaths,  13.885.  Number  pensioners  in 
tState,'1891,  33.1:35. 

LEGAL,  HOLIDAYS.— January- 1.  Febru- 
ary -22.  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  December  25, 
and  any  general  or  State  election. 

j     POLITICAL.  —  State    elections,    biennial. 

I  State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators,  34:  Representatives, 
136;  sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  j-ears, 
meets  Wednesday  after  first  Monday  in  Janu- 


ary; limit  of  session,  70  days;  term  of  Senatore. 
4  years;  Representatives,  2  j'eai-s.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  17;  number  voters,  705  718. 
Voters  must  be  citizens  or  declared  intention, 
residents  of  State,  1  year,  of  county  and  town, 
OOdaj-s;  registration  required  in  cities  only. 
United  States  soldiers,  inmates  of  ssylmus, 
poorhouses,  and  prisons  excluded. 

L  E  G  A  L.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 20  years:  open  accounts,  5;  notes,  10; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  none.  Legal  interest 
rate,  6;  by  contract,  8. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Coimties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis 

Adair,  B-10 570 

Andrew,  C-3 420 

Atchison.  A-2 560 

Audrain,  F-12  ...  680 

Barry,  Q-6 810 

Barton,  M-5 612 

Bates,  J-5 874 

Benton,  J-8 744 

Bollinger,  N-17  ..  616 

Boone,  G-11. 680 

Buchanan.  D-3  . .  420 

Butler,  Q-17 716 

Caldwell,  D-6....  4:30 

Callaway,  H-12..  760 

Camden,  K-10  ...  692 
Cape  Girardeau, 

N-19.. 540 

Carroll,  E-7 690 

Carter.  P-15    500 

Cass.  1-5... 688 

Cedar,  L-6 496 

Chariton,  E-9....  740 

Christian,  0-8...  556 
City  of  St.  Louis, 

H-17 48 

Clark,  A-13 510 

Clay,  F-4 415 

Clinton.  D-4 440 

Cole,  I-ll 390 

Cooper,  H-9 .^62 

Crawford,  K-14..  710 

Dade,  N -6 .500 

Dallas,  M-9 5:30 

Daviess,  C-6 576 

Dekalb,  C-5 440 

Dent,  M-13 720 

Douglas,  P-10.-..  792 

Dunklin,  C-IS...  500 

Franklin.  1-15....  866 

Gasconade.  J-13  .  510 

Gentry.  B-4..-     .  4.50 


Pop. 
1890. 

17,417 
16,000 
15,533 
22,074 
22,943 
18,504 
32,22:h 
14  973 
13,121 
26,04:3 
70.100 
10.164 
15.152 
25,131 
10,040 

22  060 
25,742 
4.659 
23,301 
15,620 
26,254 
14,017 

451,770 
15.126 
19,850 
17,138 
17.281 
22,707 
11,961 
17,526 
12,647 
20.456 
14.539 
12,149 
14,111 
15,085 
28,056 
11,706 
19  018 


Land  p/-,»^ 

Counties.       Area,  TqJ;" 

Sq.Mls.  ^^^■ 

Greene,  N-8 688  48,616 

Grundy,  B-7 460  17,878 

Harrison,  A-6-...  7:30  2103:3 

Henry, J-6- 740  28  2:35 

Hickory.  K-8..--  415  9,453 

Holt,  B-2 462  15,469 

Howard,  G-IO....  450  17,:371 

Howen,P-12 920  18,618 

Iron,  M-16 550  9,119 

Jackson,  G-5  .-.-  630     160.510 

Jasper,  N-5 672  50,500 

Jefferson,  J-16    -  640  22,484 

Johnson,  H-6....  800  28.13i 

Knox,  C-11 .510  13,501 

Laclede.  M-10  ...  740  14,701 

Lafayette,  G-6  ..  622  30,1^ 

Lawrence,  0-6..-  606  26,228 

Lewis.  C-13 510  15,935 

Lincoln,  G-15 598  18*46 

Linn,  C-8 620  24,121 

Livingston,  C-7..  520  20,068 

McDonald.  Q-5  ..  580  11,28:3 

Macon,  C-10 820  30,575 

Madison,  N-17  ..     492  9,268 

Maries,  K-12 515  8,600 

Marion,  D-13 420  26,233 

Mercer.  A-7 484  14.5S1 

Miller,  K-11 590  14,162 

Mississippi.  Q-20.  430  10,1:34 

Moniteau.  I  10...  420  15.630 

Monroe,  E-12....  644  20,790 
Montgomery, 

H-13 540  16.8.50 

Morgan,  1-9 638  12,.311 

New  Madrid,  A-19  620  9.317 

Newton.  P-5 648  22,108 

Nodaway.  B-3  . . .  8)8  :30,914 

Oregon,  Q-14..-.  780  10.467 

Osage,  1-12 586  13.080 

Ozark.  Q-11 780  9,795 

Pemiscot.  C-19.-.  480  5  975 


L'lncl  Pod 

Counties.       Area.  t^^^^ 

Sq.Mls.  ^^^• 

Perry,  31-18 4:36  1:3,237 

Pettis,  H-8 668  :]1  151 

Phelps.  L-12 640  12  636 

Pike,  F-14 ..620  x.'6,321 

Platte,  E-3 410  16  248 

Polk,  M-8 640  20.339 

Pulaski,  L-11....  520  9,:387 

Putnam,  A-8 542  15365 

Ralls.  E  13 ..490  12  294 

Randolph,  E-IO..  470  24.893 

Ray.  F-6 584  24,215 

Reynolds,  N- 15..  SSO  6.803 

Ripley.  Q-15 640  8,512 

Saint  Charles, 

H-16 520  22,977 

Saint  Clah,  K  6..  690  16,747 
Saint  Francois, 

L-16 450  17,347 

Sainte  Genevieve, 

L-17 410  9,883 

Saint  Louis,  1-16.  492  ;36,307 

Saline,  F-8 760  3:3,762 

Schuyler,  A-10...  336  11,249 

Scotland,  A-11..    440  12,674 

Scott,  O  19 434  11.228 

Shannon.  0-13...  960  8,898 

Shelby,  D-12 .514  1.5,642 

Stoddard,  P-18  ..  840  17.:327 

Stone,  Q- 7 516  7,090 

Sullivan.  B-8  ....  656  19  000 

Taney,  Q-9 660  7.973 

Texas,  N-12 1,145  19,406 

Vernon.  L-5 850  :31,505 

Warren,  H-14----  435  9,913 

Washington,  K-15  780  13,153 

Wayne,  0-16 800  11927 

Webster,  0-9 630  1.5,177 

Worth,  A-4 270  8  7:38 

Wright  N-10  .  ..  700  14.484 

Total 63,735  2,679  184 


ARKANSAS. 


Ar'kan-saw'. 
'♦Bear  State." 


Arc,  a  bow— prefixed  to  Kansas. 


HISTORICAL — Country  formed  part  of 
the  Territory  of  Louisiana .  Oldest  settlement, 
Arkan,sas  Post,  foimded  by  French  1685.  Ar- 
kansas Territory  estabUshed  March  2,  1819; 
Arkansas  was  admitted  into  the  Union  June 
15.  183G.  the  twelfth  State  to  enter.  Seceded 
March  4,  1861 :  re-admitted,  1868. 

AREA,    ETC 53,850  square  miles;    land 


surface,  5:3,045:  water,  805;  length,  north  and 
south.  240  miles;  breadth,  170  to  250  miles; 
greatest  altitude,  2,800  feet:  Mississippi  River 
frontage  300  to  400  miles.  State  has  3,441  miles 
of  navigable  water-ways. 

CLI5IATE Temperature  at  Fort  Smith: 

Mean  winter,  34°,  extreme,  —7° ;  summer,  80°, 
extreme,  104° ;  Little  Rock,  winter,  40°,  extreme. 


102 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


—5°;  summer,  81°,  extreme,  102°;  average  an- 
nual rainfall,  Fort  Smith,  42.4  inches;  Little 
Rock.  53.5  inches. 

POPULiATION.— Arkansas  ranked  twenty- 
sixth  in  population  in  1820,  twenty-eighth  in 
1830,  twenty-fifth  in  1840,  twenty -sixth  in  1850, 
twenty-fifth  in  1860,  twenty-sixth  in  1870, 
twenty-fifth  in  1880,  and  twenty-fourth  in  1890. 
Total  population,  1820, 14,255:  1830,  30,388;  1&40, 
97,574;  1850,  209,897;  1860,  435,450;  1870,  ^84,471; 
1880,  802,525;  1890,  1,128,179.  Classification: 
Male,  585,755;  female,  542,424;  native.  1.113,915; 
foreign,  14,264;  white,  815,752;  colored,  309,427— 
Africans,  319,117;  Chinese,  92;  Indians,  218. 

PRINCIPAL.  CITIES.— Little  Rock,  the 
capital  and  metropohs,  founded  1819,  popula- 
tion, 25,874,  increase  during  past  decade,  12,736 ; 
Fort  Smith,  second  in  commercial  importance 
and  size,  population,  11,311,  increase  during 
decade  8,212,  or  264.99  per  cent;  population 
Pine  Bluff,  9,952,  increase  6,749;  Hot  Springs, 
60  miles  southwest  of  Little  Rock,  famous  for 
its  medicinal  springs. 

AGRICULTURAL,  ETC. -Chief  interests 
of  the  State  are  agricultural.  Productions 
and  value  for  1891:  Corn,  42,455,000  bushels, 
$19,.529,111;  wheat.  2,236,000.  S2.012  602;  oats, 
'4,945,000,  $2,076,976;  cotton,  a30,000  bales,  $:30,- 
755,000.  State  ranks  fifth  among  cotton-pro- 
ducing States.  Latest  reports  give  tobacc  > 
yield,  954,640  pounds.  Number  and  value  of 
farm  animals  1891,  3,317,473,  |;35,045,830. 

MINERAL  RESOURCES — The  mineral 
wealth  of  the  State  is  extensive  and  varied. 
Coal,  lead,  and  zinc  are  worked.  Coal  area  of 
State  9,100  square  miles;  output  increased  from 
5,000  tons  in  1882  to  399,888  tons  in  1890.  Lime- 
stone, sandstone,  granite,  slate,  and  marble 
are  quarried. 

MANUFACTURES.  —  Among    Southern 

cou 


states,  Arkansas  leads  in  kmiber  industries. 
State  has  670  establishments  engaged  in  wood- 
Avorking  industries.  Value  of  lumber,  etc., 
1890,  $17,768,000.  State  has  12  cotton-seed  oil 
mills;  capital  invested,  $1,700,000;  annual  pro- 
ducts, 3,200,000  gallons  of  oil,  30,000  tons  of  oil 
cake  and  meal.  Arkansas  has  two  cotton  and 
seven  woolen  mills. 

RAIL^V AYS.— Number  of  miles  of  road  in 
operation  in  State  in  1860,  38;  1870,  256;  1875, 
740;  1880,  859;  1885, 1,792;  1890,2,213;  1891,  2,288. 
State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each  23.97 
square  miles. 

EDUCATION.  —  School  system  founded 
1868;  school  age,  6-21.  Number  of  pupils  en- 
roUed  in  public  schools,  223,071;  in  pi'ivate 
schools,  12,188.  Arkansas  Industrial  Univer- 
sity, Fayetteville,  organized  1871 ;  number  col- 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.- January  1,  July  4, 
December  25.  Thanksgiving,  and  any  day  ap- 
pointed for  Fast. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections  biennial, 
first  Monday  in  September ;  congressional  and 
presidential  elections.  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  November;  number  of  Senators,  32; 
Representatives,  90;  term  of  Senators,  4  years; 
Representatives,  2  years;  sessions  biennial,  in 
odd-numbered  years,  meets  first  Monday  in 
September,  limit  60  days.  Number  electoral 
votes,  8;  number  voters,  257,868.  Voters  must 
be  actual  citizens  or  declared  intention,  resi- 
dents of  State  1  j^ear.  county,  6  months,  of  pre- 
cinct, 1  month;  registration  prohibited  by  con- 
stitution. Idiots  and  convicts,  unless  par- 
doned, excluded. 

LEGAL. —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  years;  open  accounts,  3;  notes,  5; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  6;  contract,  10. 


NTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.  Area,  ^enn 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^•'"• 

Arkansas,   K-13-1,062  11,432 

Ashley,   P-ll....  927  13  295 

Baxter,  B-10....  545  8,527 

Benton,  B-3 891  27,716 

Boone,  B-7 672  15,816 

Bradley,  N-10...  755  7,972 

Calhoun,  N-9....  575  7,267 

Carroll,  B-6 659  17,288 

Chicot,  0-13 760  11,419 

Clark,  L-7 905  20,997 

Clay,   A-16 568  12,200 

Cleburne,  E-11..  558  7,884 

Cleveland,  L-IO.  693  11,362 

Columbia,   0-7.-  825  19,893 

Conway,  G-8.-.-  493  19,459 

Craighead,  D-15-  668  12,025 

Crawford,  E-3  582  21,714 

Crittenden,  G-16  614  13,940 

Cross,  F-15 672  7,693 

Dallas,  L-9 676  9,296 

Desha,  M-13 733  10,324 

Drew,  N-12 802  17,352 

Faulkner,  G-10..  623  18,342 

Frankhn,  r-5..-  672  19,934 

Fulton,  B-11-..-  649  10,984 

Garland,  J-7....  622  15,328 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  ^oiin 
Sq.  Mis.   ^^•^"• 

Grant,  K-9 617  7,786 

Greene,  C-15-...  .591  12  908 

Hempstead,  M-6  742  22,796 

Hot  Spring,  K-8.  026  11,603 

Howard,  L-4..-.  629  13,789 
Independence, 

D-12 730  21,961 

Izard,  C-11 547  13,038 

Jackson,  E-13---  619  15,179 

Jefferson.  J-ll..  840  40,881 

Johnson,  E-6.-..  612  16.758 

Lafayette.  0-6--  497  7,700 

Lawrence    C-14.  574  12.984 

Lee.  H-15 606  18,886 

Lincoln.  L  12...-  536  10,255 

Little  River,  M-4  547  8,903 

Logan.  G-5 642  20. 774 

Lonoke,  I-ll....  ^769  19,263 

Madison,  C-5....  892  17.402 

Marion,  B-8 631  10,390 

Miller,  0-5 -  648  14,714 

Mississippi,  D-17  803  11.635 

Monroe,  1-14....  696  1.5,336 

Montgomery,  J-6  834  7,923 

Nevada,  M-7--..  616  14,832 

Newton,   D-7....  838  9,950 


Land  p 

Counties.         Area,  iulL' 
Sq.  Mis.  ^^•^"• 

Ouachita,   M-8..    732  17,033 

Perrv.  H-7 560  5,5:^8 

Phillips,  J -15....    650  2.5,341 

I 'ike,  K5 620  8,537 

Poinsett,  E-15...    720  4,272 

Polk,  J-4 935  9,283 

Pope.   F-7- 795  19,458 

Prairie,  H-12...-    658  11,374 

Pulaski.   I-IO....    mi  47,329 

Randolph,  B-14.    622  14,485 

St.  Francis,  G-15   612  13,543 

Sahne,  1-9 622  11,311 

Scott,  H-4 930  12, 635 

Searcy,  D-8 768  9,664 

Sebastian,   G-3--    600  33,200 

Sevier,  L-3 547  10,072 

Sharp,  C-12 570  10,418 

Stone,  D-10 619  7,043 

Union,  P-9- 1,138  14,977 

Van  Buren,  E-9.    998  8,567 

Washington,  C-3    927  32,024 

WTiite.  F-11 1,137  22,946 

Woodruff,  G-13.    577'  14,009 

Yell,  H-6 -    936  18,015 

Total  ....53,045  1,128,179 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


103 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


105 


106 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


TEXAS. 

Indian  "Tachies'''— 

HISTOKICAI..- Country  visited  by  Span- 
iards, 1583  to  1794.  F  rst  white  settlement 
made  by  French  at  Lavaca,  1685.  Country 
formed  part  of  the  Spanish  i^rovince  of  Mexi- 
co. From  18;37'  to  1845  Texas  was  an  indepen- 
dent republic.  In  1845  it  was  admitted  as  a 
State,  beinjc  the  fifteentli  in  order  of  admis- 
sion. Seceded,  February,  1861;  re-admitted, 
1868. 

AKKA,  ETC The  larg^est  of  the  States. 

Number  square  miles,  265,780— laud  surface, 
:262  ;i90;  water,  3,490.  Extreme  breadth,  825 
miles;  length,  740;  coastline,  400. 

CLIMATK.— Temperature  at  Brownsville: 
Mean  winter,  57°.  extreme,  18°;  summer,  84°, 
extreme,  102°;  El  Paso,  winter,  44°,  extreme, 
—5°;  summer,  82°,  extreme,  113°;  Palestine, 
winter,  43°,  extreme,  0°;  summer,  82°.  extreme, 
102°.  Average  annual  rainfall:  Brownsville, 
36.9  inches;  El  Paso,  10  inches;  Palestine,  45.4 
inches. 

POPULATION. —Texas  ranked  twenty- 
fifth  in  1850,  twenty-third  in  1860,  nineteenth 
in  ISrO,  eleventh  in  1880,  and  seventh  in  1890. 
Total  population  1850,  212,592;  1860,  604,215; 
1870,  818,579;  1880.  1,591,749;  1890,  2,235,523. 
Classification:  Male,  1,172,553;  female,  1,062.- 
970;  native,  2,082.567;  foreign.  152,956;  white, 
1.745,9:35;  colored,  489,.588— Africans,  488,171; 
Chinese,  710;  Japanese,  3;  Indians,  704. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES Dallas,  the  most 

important  poiit  in  Northern  Texas,  and  largest 
in  State,  population,  38,067;  San  Antonio,  an 
important  I'allroad  tov.'n,  occupies  site  of  Fort 
Alamo,  population,  37,67'3;  Galveston,  the 
piincipal  seaport,  population,  29,084;  popu- 
lation of  Houston,  27,557;  Fort  Worth,  23,076; 
Austin,  the  cai^ital,  population,  14,575. 

AGKICULTUKAL.  —  Cotton,  corn,  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  crops.  Texas  leads  in 
production  of  cotton.  In  1891  cotton  crop 
was  2,111,000  bales,  value,  $81,311,800;  corn 
70,635,000  bushels;  wheat,  6,435,000  bushels; 
oats,  15,075,000  bushels.  Sugar  plantations 
chiefly  on  Brazos  River.    Peaches  and  grapes 

COUN 


Tex'as. 

"Lone  Star  State." 

signifies  "  friends." 

are  grown  throughout  the  State,  and  apples  in 
the  North.  State  leads  in  the  cattle  industry. 
Southwestern  Texas  contained  extensive 
ranches  ijrevious  to  1775.  Total  number  farm 
animals  1891.  16,694  875,  value,  $140,043,649. 

MINERALS — Output  of  coal  mines  1889, 
128,216  tons,  value,  $:^0.620.  Total  production 
iron  ores,  22,000  tons.  Petroleum  is  produced 
near  San  Antonio.  Granite,  limestone,  and 
sandstone  are  quarried. 

RAILWAYS — Number  of  miles  in  1854, 
32;  1860,  307;  1865,  465;  1870,  711;  1875,  1,685; 
1880,  3,244;  188.5,  6,370;  1890,  8,709;  1891,  8,854. 
One  mile  of  railway  to  each  30  square  }niles. 

EDUCATION — Permanent  school  fund, 
$19,600,000.  School  age,  8-16.  Number  pupils 
enrolled  in  public  schools.  410,909.  Normal 
school  at  Huntsville;  Pi-airie  View  Normal 
school,  for  colored  teachers,  near  Hempstead. 
26,883  pupils  in  private  schools.  State  has  12 
colleges.  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  orga- 
nized 1883. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  March  2,  April  21,  July  4;  all  days 
appointed  by  Governor  or  President  for  fast- 
ing or  thanksgiving;  December  25;  and  State 

POLITICAL.  —  state  elections  biennial; 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  January; 
number  of  Senators,  31;  Representatives.  128; 
sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  years, 
meets  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  January ; 
limit  of  session,  90  days;  term  of  Senators,  4 
years;  Representatives,  2  years.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  12;  number  voters,  5:35,942. 
Voters  must  be  citizens,  or  declared  intention, 
residents  of  State,  1  year,  of  county  and  pre- 
cinct, 6  months;  registration  jirohibited. 
Lunatics,  idiots,  paupers,  convicts,  and  U.  S. 
soldiers  and  s  'amen,  in  service,  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 10  years;  open  accounts,  2;  notes,  4; 
redemption  of  taxes,  2  years.  Legal  interest, 
8;  by  contract,  12. 

TIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  to^' 

Sq.Mls.  ^^^• 

Anderson,  J-12  .1,000  20,923 

Andrews,  H-1--.  1.500  24 

Angelina,  J-13..-  880  0,:306 

Aransas,  P-9 400  1 ,  824 

Archer,  F-7 900  2,101 

Armstrong,  C-3--  900  944 

Atascosa.  0-7...  1,200  6,459 

Austin,  M-10 700  17,859 

Bailey,  El 900       

Bandera,  M-O...-  970  3,795 

Bastrop,  M-9 900  20,736 

Baylor,  F-6 900  2,595 

Bee,   P-8 980  ;3,720 

Bell,  K-9. 1,0(»0  ;33,:377 

Bexar,  N-7 1,180  49,266 

Blanco,  L-7 710  4,649 

Borden,  H-3 940  222 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  TJon' 

Sq.Mls.  ^^*'°- 

Bosque,  1-9 980  14,224 

Bowie,  F-13 920  20,267 

Brazoria,  N-12..- 1,440  11, .506 

Brazos,  K-10 510  16,650 

Brewster,  U-4. .  .2,640  710 

Briscoe,  D-3 900       

Brown,   J-7 900  11,421 

Buchel,   T-5 1,440  :307 

Burleson,  L-IO...  640  13,001 

Burnet,  K-8 1,000  10,747 

Caldwell,  M-8  ..-  500  15,769 

Calhoun,  P-10....  .500  815 

Callahan.  1-6 900  5,4.57 

Cameron,  S-9... 1,960  14,424 

Camp,  G-12. 200  6,624 

Carson,  B3 900  356 

Cass,G-13... 950  22,554 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Castro,  D-2 840 

Chambers,  M-13.  840 
Cherokee,  1-12.-1,000 
Childress,  D-5....  7.50 

Clay,  F-8 1,100 

Cochran,  F-1 840 

Coke,  1-5 900 

Coleman,   1-6....  1,290 

CoUin,  G-10 880 

CoUingswort', 

C-5 900 

Colorado,  M-10.--  900 

Comal,  M-7 .580 

Comanche,  1-7..-  960 

Concho,  J-5 1,010 

Cooke.  F-9.---  920 
Coryell,  J-8 1,000 


Pop. 

1890. 

9 

2,241 

22,975 

1,175 

7,503 

"2"059 

6,112 

36,736 

357 

19,.512 
6,398 

15  608 
1,065 

24,696 

16,87'3 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


107 


COUNTIES-Continued. 


Laud  p 

Counties.        Area,  -.q,^: 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^•'"• 

Cottle,  E-5 1,080  240 

Craue,J;2 -1,000  15 

Crockett,  K  8 ....  3,  .51 0  1 W 

Cro.sby,  F-:i iXX)  340 

iJallaui,  A-1 1.100  112 

Dalla.s,  H-10 000   -  07,042 

Daw.son,  H-2 900  29 

Deaf  Suiith,  C-1.1.:M)  179 

DelU,  F-1 2 200  9, 1 1 7 

Dentou,  G-9 900  21.289 

Dewitt,  0-9- 880  14,307 

Dickens,  F-4 840  29.5 

Dimmit.  P-.5-...  1,100  1,049 

Donlejs  C-4 900  1,050 

Duval,  Q-7 1.7'50  7,.598 

Eastland,  H-7.---  9<X)  10,3''3 

Ector,  I-l 900  224 

Edwards.  31-5. . . 2,020  1,K'0 

Edis,  H-10 9.50  31,774 

El  ra.so,  R-3 9,750  15,078 

Encinal.  Q-G 1,700  2,741 

Erath,  H-8 1.000  21, .594 

Falls,  J-10 770  20,700 

Fannin,  F-11 1,<MXJ  ;i8,709 

Fayette,  M- 10...-  9t.O  31481 

Fisher,   G-5 900  2,990 

Floyd,   E-3 1,100  529 

Foard,  EC -.. 

Foley.  V-5 2,100  10 

Fort  Bend,  N-1 1 . .  880  10  .58(; 

Franklin,  G-12..-  WJ  0,4K1 

F'-eestone,  J-11..  870  1.5.9«7 

F-io,  O-G 1,010  .3,112 

Gaines,   H-1 1..500  ON 

(ialveston.  N-13--  G40  31,470 

Garza,  G-3 IKX)  14 

(Jdlespie.  L-7 9(W  7,050 

Glasscock,  1-3....  900  208 

Goliad,   0-9 820  5.910 

Gonzales,  N-9 980  18,010 

Gray,  B-4. 900  203 

Grayson,  F-10....  9G0  53,211 

Gregs,H-13 2G0  9,402 

Grimes,  L-11 720  21,312 

Guadalupe,  N-8..  710  1.5,217 

Hale,  E-3 1,100  721 

Hall,  D-4 900  703 

Hamilton,  J-8  ...  900  9,313 

Hansford,  A-3  ..  910  '     133 

Hardeman,  E-6. 1.180  3,904 

Hardin,  L-13 940  3,956 

Harris,   M-12.. .1.8:0  37.249 

Harrison.  H-13..  880  20,721 

Hartley,  B-1 1 .480  2.52 

Haskell,  G-G iK)0  1,G65 

Hays,  M-8.. 680  11,352 

HempViill,  B-5....  ^HX)  519 

Henderson,  Ml..  900  12.285 

Hidalgo,  S-8 2.970  G..5;i4 

Hill,  1-9 1,000  27,58;3 

Hockley,  F-2....     940       

Hood,  H-8 400  7.614 

Hopkin.s,  G-r2...  7.50  20,572 

Houston,  J-12..  .1,200  19,360 

Howard,   H-3....  840  1.210 

Hunt,  G-11 870  31,885 

Hutchinson,  A-3.  900  58 


I-aud  p 

Counties.        Area,  iofi.' 

Sq.Mls.  1^^- 

Irion,   J-4 970  870 

Jack,G-8 1.000  9,740 

Jackson,  O-IO 880  3,281 

Jasper,  K-14 840  .5,.592 

Jeflf  Davis,   S-4..2  39l)  1,39^1 

.Jefferson,  M-14..     960  .5,857 

Johnson,  H-9 720  22.313 

Jones,  H-5 90  3,797 

Karnes,  0  8 7;i0  3,637 

Kaufman.  H-11..  80)  21, .598 

Kendall,  M-7 020  3,820 

Kent,  G-4  fcMO  :ii4 

Kerr,   M-6 1.100  4,462 

Kimble.  L-5 1,-360  2,243 

Kin^,   F-5 900  173 

Kinney.  N-5 1,700  3  781 

Kno.v,  F6 901)  1,]:^ 

Lamar,  F-12..     .  900  37,:i02 

Lami),  El 1.010  4 

Lampasas,  J-8-..  800  7,584 

Lasalle,  P-6 1.4G0  2,139 

Lavaca,  NIO 1,000  21,887 

Lee,    L-10 640  11,9.52 

Leon.  J-11. 1,000  13,841 

Liberty,  M-13.... 1,170  4,2:^ 

Limestone,  J-10.-  960  21,678 

Lipscondj,  A-5...  900  6:J2 

Live  Oak,  P-8.--- 1,100  2,0.55 

Llano,   L-7 900  6,772 

LoviuK,  Q-5 900  3 

Lubbock.   F-3....  900  :« 

Lynn.  G-3 900  24 

McCulloch,  J-<J  .1,000  3,217 

McLennan,  J-9.. 1.040  30,204 

McMullen.  P7..-1.2(K)  1,0:is 

Madison   K-1 1 4.5(J  H.512 

Marion,  G-13 42(J  10,862 

Martin,  H-2 900  2(>4 

Ma.son,  K-6 960  .5.180 

Matajrorda.0-1 1.1,1.50  3.985 

Maverick,  0-5..  1.320  3  65MS 

Medina,  N-5 1,270  .5,7:30 

Menard,  K-5 880  1,215 

Midland,  1-2 900  1 ,03:3 

Milan,  K-10 1,000  24  773 

Mills,  J-7 -..-  040  5,493 

Mitchell,  H-4  ..-.900  2,0.59 

Montague.  F-8  ..  890  18,863 
Moutgomerj', 

L-12 1,100  11,765 

Moore,  A-2 900  15 

Jlorris,  G-13 260  6,.580 

Motley,  E-4 1,080  139 

Nacogdoches. J-1 3  960  1.5,9^4 

Navarro,  I-IO....  1,020  26,373 

Newton,  K-1 4 970  4,650 

Nolan,  H-5 900  1,.573 

Nueces.  R-8 2.430  8.093 

Ochiltree,  A-4...     900  198 

Oldham.   B-1  ...1,460  270 

Orange,  L-14 390  4  770 

Palo  Pinto,  H-8..  960  8,320 

Panola,  H-13 800  14,;328 

Parker.  H-8 900  21,082 

Parmer.  D-1 850  7 

Pecos.  L-2 -.0,700  1,326 

Polk,  K-13 1,200  10,;«2 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area.  f2R' 

Sq.Mls.  ^^^'^• 

Potter.  B-2 900  849 

Presidio,  17-3...  3,470  1,698 

Rains.  G-11 270  3,909 

Randall,  C-2 900  187 

Red  River,  F-12. .1.000  21,4.52 

Reeves.  R-4 2,390  1 ,247 

Refugio,   P-9 760  1,239 

Roberts,  B-4 900  326 

Robertson,  K-10.-  850  26,.506 

Rockwall.  G-IO...  1.50  .5.972 

Runnel  s,  1-5 .910  3. 1 93 

Rusk,  1-13     - 9:i0  18  5.59 

Sabine,  J-14 580  4,969 

San  Augustine, 

J-14--.- -_.  560  0,688 

San  Jacinto.K-12.  640  7,360 

San  Patricio,  P-9.  cm  1,312 

San  Saba.  K-7...  1.1 80  6,641 

Schleicher,  K-4. .  1  ,.500  155 

Scurry,  H-4 900  1,415 

Shackelford.  H-6.  900  2.012 

Shelby,  1-14 800  14,365 

Sherman.  A-2--..  900  34 

Smith,  H  12 930  28,:i24 

Somervell,  H-8...  200  3,419 

Starr,  S-7-.- 2.570  10,749 

Stephen.s,  H-7----  900  4,920 

Sterling.  1-4 

Stonewall,  G-5..-  900  1,024 

Sutton,  L-4 1.620  6.58 

Swisher,  D3 900  100 

Tarrant,  H9 900  41,142 

Taylor,  H-5 900  6,9.57 

Terry,  G-2 900  21 

Throckmorton, 

({-6 900  902 

Titus,  G-13 ■-  400  8,190 

Tom  Green,  J-4.. 2,940  5.152 

Travis,   L-8 1,040  36,:322 

Trinitv.  K-12 710  7,648 

Tyler,^K-13 9:i0  10.877 

Upshur,  G-13.---  520  12,695 

Upton,   J-2 1,140  52 

Uvalde,   N-5 1,420  3,804 

Val  Verde,  31-4.. 2,880  2,874 

Van  Zandt,  H-11..  840  16,225 

Victoria.  O-lO....  850  8.737 

Walker,  K-12 740  12,874 

Waller,  31-11 .500  10,888 

Ward,  K-1 1,160  77 

Washington,  L-10  600  29,161 

Webb,  Q-6 1 ,680  1 4,t^2 

Wharton,  N-11..  1,100  7..584 

Wheelc  r.  B-5 900  778 

Wichita,  E-7 600  4,8:31 

Wilbarger, E-6...  940  7,092 

Williamson,  K-9. 1,070  25,909 

Wilson,  N-8 940  10,6.55 

Winkler.  I-l 800  18 

Wise,  G-9 900  24.l:i4 

Wood,  G-12 700  1:3,9:32 

Yoakum,  G-1....  &40  4 

Young,  G-7 900  5,049 

Zapata,  S-G 1,:370  •  3,562 

Zavalla.  0-5 1.200  1,097 

Total 262,290  2,2:3.5,523 


108 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


109 


OKLAHOMA. 


Indian— signifies, 

HISTORICAL.,  ETC — Territory  organ- 
ized by  act  of  Congress,  approved,  May  2. 1890. 
It  embraces  portions  of  Indian  Territorj',  the 
Public  Land  iStrip.  and  the  Cherokee  Outlet. 
Assessed  value  of  taxable  property,  in  1892, 
$11,485,162;  actual  value  about  $17,000,000; 
State  has  5  national  banks,  average  capital, 
$50,000;  4  incorporated,  average  capital,  $40.- 
000;  and  14  private  banks,  capital  not  less  than 
$15,000.  Number  miles  of  railway  in  Territorj-, 
January,  1892,  390.  So  rapid  "has  been  the 
growth  in  population,  material  prosperity. 
etc.,  the  Ten-itory  is  now  seeking  admission  to 
the  Union  as  a  State. 

AREA,  ETC.— Total  area,  .39,030  square 
miles :  land,  38,830 :  water,  2iM).  Territor}-  drain- 
ed by  the  tributaries  of  the  Arkansas  River, 
and  those  of  the  Red,  which  forms  the  south- 
ern boundarj'.  Greatest  altitude,  2,.5.36  feet. 
There  are  18,069  square  miles  of  lands  l)elong- 
ing  to  the  Territory  not  jet  opened  for  set- 
tlement. 

CL.I>I ATE.— Temperature  at  Fort  Sill: 
Mean  winter.  .35°,  extreme — 9°;  smnmer.  H2°, 
extreme,  107°:  average  annual  rainfall,  Fort 
Sill,  31.2  inches. 

POPULATION.  —  In  1890,  Oklahoma 
ranked  fortj'-sixth  in  population,  having 
a  total  of  61,8;34  inhabitants.  Cla.ssifica- 
tion:  Male,  ;W.733;  female,  27.101;  native, 
59,094;  foreign,  2,740:  white,  58.820;  colored. 
3,008;  African,  2.973:  Chinese,  25:  civilized 
Indians,  10.  Population  of  the  Territory, 
1892.  ia3.100. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES.  — Oklahoma,  the 
largest  town,  had  4,151  inhabitants  in 
1S90.    Guthrie,  the  capital,  population,  2.788; 


'Beautiful  Land." 

population  East  Guthrie,  2,141;  Kingfisher, 
l.i:i4. 

AGRICULTLTIE.— The  latest  reports  give 
acreage  of  farms  as  1,000,453;  value.  Avlth  im- 
provements, $4.9:38,630.  Soil  and  climate  are 
favorable  to  the  production  of  cereals,  cotton, 
flax,  sorghum,  broom-corn,  and  Irish  and 
sweet  potatoes.  Among  indigenous  fruits  are 
plums,  grapes,  and  strawberries.  Live  stock 
returns  gave  52.896  horses  and  mules,  145,077 
cattle,    1.5,5.59  sheep,  and  .30. 168  swine. 

EDUCATION — First  report  issued  gave 
111  organized  school  to^-nships,  400  districts; 
school  population,  21. .3.37:  number  pupils  en- 
rolled in  schools. 9. 893 :  school  age  6-21 ;  present 
school  population,  31,920.  Territorial  Univer- 
sity established  at  Norman,  Cleveland  County; 
Normal  school  at  Edmund.  Oklahoma  County; 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College.  Still- 
water. Pavne  County. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  Fel> 
ruary  22,  May  ;30,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  De- 
cember 2.5,  and  all  elections. 

POLITICAL — Territorial  elections  bien- 
nial, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November; 
number  Senators,  12;  Representatives,  24; 
teTnof  Senators  and  Representatives,  2  years. 
Sessions,  biennial  in  odd-numbered  years, 
meets  Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Jan- 
uary; limit  of  session,  60  days.  Number 
voters,  19.161.  Votei-s  must  be  actual  citizens, 
residents  of  Territory  6  months,  of  county  60 
days,  and  precinct  .30  davs. 

LEGAL. — Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 20  years:  open  accounts.  6:  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  7;  by  contract,  12. 


INDIAN  TERRITORY. 


HISTORICAL^  —  Portion  of  Loui-siana 
purcha.se  of  1803.  Lands  first  set  aside  for 
u.se  of  Indians  by  act  of  Congress,  June  W, 
l*i4;  has  no  Territorial  organization.  Chero- 
kees,  Choctaws,  Creeks,  and  Chicka.saws  re- 
moved hither,  183;J-.38;  Seminoles,  1846;  rem- 
nants and  parts  of  other  tribes  have  been 
settled  here  from  time  to  time  First  settle- 
ment in  what  is  now  Indian  Territory  made 
by  Creek  Indians,  1827,  between  Arkansas 
and  Canadian  rivei-s. 

AREA,  ETC.— Total  number  square  miles. 
31, 40!J— 31,000  land.  400  water.  Principal  rivers, 
Arkansas  and  Red.  Greatest  altitude,  2,500 
feet.  Coal-fields  in  the  Territory  important: 
area,  20,000  square  miles;  producing  fields  all 
in  Choctaw  Reservation;  output  of  mines, 
1889,  7.52,8:32  tons,  value,  $1.-32:3.807;  1890,  869,- 
229  tons,  value.  $1,579,188.  Mineral  region  well 
supplied  with  railroads;  total  number  of  miles 
in  Territory.  886. 

CLIMATE.— Temi3erature  at  Fort  Gibson: 
winter,  35°  to  48°;  summer,  77°  to  82°;  rain- 
fall, .36  inches. 

POPULATFON  -Total  population  of  the 
Five  Civilized  Tribe<,  1890.  66,289:  Indians,  52,- 
065;  colored  Indian  citizens,  and  claimants, 


14,224.  There  are  from  2,000  to  :3,000  colored 
Ijei-sons  dwelling  within  the  limits  of  the  Five 
Nations,  who  are  not  members  of  the  tribes,  and 
8.708  Indians  on  outside  agencies  and  reser- 
vations. Indian  citizen.ship  m  the  Five  Nations 
regulated  by  tribal  laws.  Whites  can  hold 
land  in  the  Territory  only  by  marrying  into 
one  of  the  tribas. 

PRINCIPAL  TOWNS. -Capital  of  Creek 
Nation,  Okmulgee;  chief  town,  Muscogee, 
principal  commercial  town  in  Territory,  seat 
of  Union  Indian  Agency  and  United  States 
Court  for  Indian  TerritoVj-;  capital  of  Chero- 
kee Nation,  Tahlequah;  of  Choctaw  Nation 
Atoka ;  Chicka.saw,  Tishomingo ;  Seminole, 
We-wo-ka. 

AGRICULTURE — Large  portions  of  Ter- 
ritory are  fertile,  well  watered,  and  timbered. 
Latest  report.s,  incomplete,  give  products  of 
the  Five  Nations  as  follows:  Indian  corn, 
:3, 724. 093  bushels;  wheat,  148.980  bushels;  oats, 
204, 6&4  bushels;  cotton,  22,4.30  bales;  Irish 
potatoes,  54,600  bushels;  sweet  potatoes,  47,- 
900  bushels;  cattle,  585,767;  horses,  72. .355; 
sheep.  ,36.673:  swine.  309  860.  Apples,  peaches, 
and  email  fruits  are  successfully  cultivated. 
Estimated  area  under  cultivation,  .320,000  acres. 


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RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO  'S 


KANSAS. 


Indian— Signifies,  ' 

HISTORICAL.— Country  visited  by  Span- 
iards, 1541,  and  by  French,  1719.  Part  of  it  in- 
cluded in  Louisiana  piu'chase  of  1803.  South- 
western Kansas,  Mexican  territory  until  1848. 
First  trading-post  established,  1800.  From  1821 
to  1834  constituted  portion  of  Indian  Country. 
Kansas  Territory  organized,  1854.  State  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union,  January,  1861;  the 
twenty-first  State  admitted. 

AREA,  ETC. —Total  area,  82,080  square 
miles;  water  surface,  380  square  miles;  land, 
81,700  square  miles;  average  length,  400  miles; 
breadth,  200  miles.  Geographical  center  of 
United  States,  exclusive  of  Alaska.  Missouri 
River  frontage,  150  miles.  Greatest  altitude, 
3,906  feet.  Largest  rivers,  Solomon,  Neosho, 
Saline,  Arkansas,  Republican,  and  Kansas. 
Kansas  River  drains  more  than  half  the 
State. 

CLIMATE — Temperature  at  Dodge  City: 
Mean  winter,  25°,  extreme,  —20° ;  summer, 
78°,  extreme,  108°;  Concordia,  winter.  19°.  ex- 
treme,—25°;  summer,  77°,  extreme,  103°;  Leav- 
enworth, winter,  24°,  extreme,  — 29°;  summer, 
78°,  extreme,  107°.  Average  annual  rainfall: 
Dodge  City,  20.8  inches;  Concordia,  27.8 inches; 
Leavenworth,  38.7  inches. 

POP DLATION.  —  Kansas  ranked  thirty- 
third  in  population  in  1860,  twenty-ninth  in 
1870,  twentieth  in  1880,  and  nineteenth  in  1890. 
Total  population,  1860,  107,206;  1870,  364,399; 
1880,  996,096;  1890,  1,427,096.  Classification: 
Male,  7.52,112:  female,  674,984;  native,  1,279,258; 
foreign,  147,838;  white,  1,376,553;  colored,  50,- 
543— Africans,  49,710;  Chinese,  93;  Japanese,  4; 
Indians,  736. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES Kansas  City,  the 

most  populous  city  in  the  State,  prominent  as 
a  railroad  and  industrial  center,  has  extensive 
meat-packing  establishments,  iron-foundries, 
and  grain  elevators,  population,  38,316;  To- 
peka,  the  capital,  the  second  city  in  size,  incor- 
porated 18.57,  became  the  capital  1861,  popula- 
tion, 31,007;  Wichita,  the  leading  city  of  South- 
ern Kansas,  population,  23,853;  Leavenworth, 
a  leading  commercial  center,  population,  19,- 
768;  Atchison,  Foi't  Scott,  and  Lawrence  rank 
next  in  importance. 

URBAN  POPULATION.— In  1880  but  ten 
cities  had  a  population  of  4,000  or  more,  with 
an  aggregate  population  of  84,907.  By  1890  the 
number  had  incieased  to  nineteen,  with  an 
aggregate  population  of  223,674.  Greatest  in- 
crease in  Kansas  City,  founded  1887  by  con- 
solidation of  Armourdale,  Wyandotte,  and 
other  towns,  which  had  a  combined  popula- 
tion, 1880,  of  3,200;  increase  during  decade. 
3.5,116,  or  1,097.38  per  cent.  Other  cities:  To- 
peka,  numerical  increase,  15,555,  100.67  per 
cent.:  Wichita,  18,942,  385.71  percent.;  Arkan- 
sas Citv,  7,3.55,  724.80  percent.;  Hutchinson, 
7, 142,  463.77  per  cent. 

AGRICULTURE State   ranks    high   in 

production  and  quality  of  all  agricultural  prod- 
ucts. Corn  is  the  staple  crop.  Yield  of  prin- 
cipal cereals,  1891:  Corn,  141.893.000  bushels, 
value,  $48.243  551;  wheat.  54,866.000  bushels, 
value,    $40,052,384;    oats,    37,132,000    bushels. 


Kan'zas; 
"Sunflower  State." 

'Smoky  Water." 

Rye  and  barley  are  increasing  in  importance. 
Latest  returns  g:ive  area  under  i-ye,  93,707 
acres;  yield,  1,445,283  bushels;  barley,  518,729 
acres;  yield,  13,406,122  bushels.  Kansas  is  one 
of  the  greatest  of  the  flax-growing  states ;  area 
in  1889,  114,069  acres;  yield,  994,127  bushels  of 
seed  and  36,093  pounds  of  fiber;  total  value  of 
products,  $1,008,242;  State  ranks  fifth  in  pro- 
duction of  seed  and  second  in  fiber.  Broom- 
corn  is  largely  cultivated.  Tobacco  and  hemp 
are  grown.  Butter  and  cheese  are  important 
products.  Annual  value  of  dairy  products, 
poultry,  and  eggs,  over  $45,000,000. 

HORTICULTURE,  ETC — Soil  and  cli- 
mate well  adapted  to  orchard  and  garden  prod- 
ucts. In  1888,  the  Kansas  orchards  contained 
10,746,473  bearing  and  10,016,0-57  non-bearing 
apple,  pear,  peach,  plum,  and  cherry  trees. 
Of  the  former,  4,849,903  were  apple,  and  4,226,- 
609  peach  trees.  State  has  4,542  acres  under 
bearing  vines;  in  1889.  16.588,000  pounds  of 
grapes  were  sold  for  table  use,  i.nd  1.30,990  gal- 
lons of  wine  made.  There  are  339  nurseries, 
with  11,492  acres  of  land,  and  a  capital  of 
$1  425  792. 

LIVE  STOCK.  — Stock-raising  is  an  im- 
portant industry,  ranks  second  to  cereals  as  a 
source  of  wealth.  Number  and  value  of  farm 
animals,  1891:  Horses,  935,135,  value,  $55,344,- 
187;  mules,  92,677,  value,  $6,658,989;  milch 
cows,  773,489,  value,  $14,232,198;  oxen  and 
other  cattle,  1,978,.520,  value,  $33,207,282;  sheep, 
469,433,  value,  $1,096,595;  swine,  3,175,767,  value, 
$15,128,718. 

MINERALS. — Coal,  lead,  and  zinc  are  the 
most  important  minerals.  Coal  area,  17,000 
square  miles;  output,  1890,  2,259,9.2  tons; 
value,  $2,947,517.  Principal  centers  of  industry 
are  Cherokee,  Crawford,  Leavenworth,  and 
Osage  counties.  Output  of  zinc  mines,  39,575 
tons,  value,  $299,192;  lead,  3,617  tons.  Petro- 
leum and  natural  gas  are  produced ;  the  former 
is  found  near  Paola,  Miami  County.  Value  of 
natural  gas  supplied,  $13,600;  coal  displaced, 
6,000  tons.  Kansas  is  now  prominent  among 
salt-producing  states;  production,  1890,  882,666 
barrels,  value,  $397,199. 

BUILDING  STONES,  ETC.-  Limestone, 
sandstone,  marble,  and  gypsum  are  produced. 
State  has  115  limestone  quarries,  many  of  them 
small;  value  of  output,  1889,  $478,^22;  sand- 
stone exists  throughout  the  State;  most  pro- 
ductive sections  south  and  southeast;  value  of 
product,  $149,289.  Of  gypsum,  17.332  tons  were 
produced — from  which  were  made  13,896  tons 
of  plaster  of  pans— value,  $94,235— and  400  tons 
of  fire- proof  cement,  value,  $6,000.  Marble  is 
quarried  in  Miami  County. 

MANUFACTURES.  —  Althoxigh  an  agri- 
cultural State,  Kansas  has  numerous  and 
important  manufacturing  industries.  First 
among  these  industries  is  the  preparing  and 
packing  of  meat.  In  1890  the  six  wholesale 
slaughtering  and  meat-packing  estabUshments 
of  Kansas  City  alone  had  a  combined  capital 
of  $8,964,998;  number  of  employes,  4.617; 
wages  paid,  $2  558,526;  value  of  products, 
$39,927,191.  Second  in  importance  are  the  prod- 


■«aB>«w«P>m|P 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


113 


ucts  of  the  flouring  mills,  followed  by  wood  ' 
manufactures— carnages,    wagons,    agricult- 
ural implements,  etc.;   metal-working  indus- 
tries—foundries, machine  shops,  stove  works, 
iron  bridges,  etc. 

CIVIL.  WAR.— State  furnished  20.149 
men— 18,069  white  troops  and  2,080  colored; 
number  deaths,  2,630.  Within  the  State,  1891, 
were  29.421  pensioners. 

KAI  LAV  AYS. —Union  Pacific,  first  road  to 
enter  the  State,  completed  40  miles  of  road, 
18  >'i-4.  In  186.5  State  had  40  miles  of  road  in 
operation;  1870,  1,501;  1875.  2,150;  1880,  3,400; 
1885,  4,520;  1890.  8,900;  January  1,  1892,  8,901. 
State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each  9.3  square 
miles. 

EDUCATION.— State  has  an  efficient  sys- 
tem of  public  schools;  free  schools  have  been 
conducted  since  1855.  School  age,  .5-21.  Com- 
pulsory education  a  law.  Number  pupils  in 
public  schools.  399,322;  in  private  schools.  20,- 
400.  State  Normal  School,  Emporia,  organized. 
1865.  Univei'sity  of  Kansas,  Lawrence,  opened, 
1S66.  State  Agricultvu-al  College,  Manhattan. 
State  has  13  colleges. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  May :», 
July  4,  Thanksgiving,  December  25,  and  pub- 
lic fast. 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.— Institution  for 
the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Olathe, 
established.  1865 ;  Institution  for  the  Education 
of  the  BUnd,  Wyandotte;  State  Reform 
School,  Topeka;  State  Insane  Asylums,  Osa- 
watomie,  established,  1S66,  Topeka,  estab- 
lished, 1879;  State  Penitentiary,  Lansing. 

POSTAL.— Kansas  has  1.799  post  offices; 
123  presidential  offices — 2  first-class,  20  second- 
class,  and  101  third-class;  number  of  foui-th- 
class  offices,  1.676 ;  money-order  offices, 
54:3. 

POLITICA  L.— State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber. Number  of  Senators,  39;  Representatives, 
125;  sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  yeai"s. 
meets  second  Tuesday  in  January;  limit  of 
session,  50  days;  term  of  Senators,  4  j'ears; 
Representatives,  2  years.  Number  electoral 
votes,  10;  nmnber  voters.  383,231.  Voters  must 
be  citizens  or  declared  intention,  resident  of 
State  6  months,  of  precinct  30  daj's:  registra- 
tion required  in  cities  only.  Idiots,  insane,  and 
convicts  excluded. 

LEG  A  L.— Statutes  of  Hmitation:  Judg- 
ments, 5  3'eai-s;  open  accounts.  2;  notes,  5; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  3  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  6;  by  contract,  10. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  M's. 
.    .51 U 
.    576 
-    42:3 


Counties. 

Allen,  K-18  .... 

A.nderson.  J-19. 

Atchison,  E-18. 

Barber,  N-10....1,i:^ 
900 
637 
576 
.1,428 
750 


Barton,  H-9-. 
Bourbon,  K-20.. 
Brown,  C-18  .... 
Butler,  L-14  .. 

Chase.  1-15 

Chautauq"a,N-16  651 
Cherokee,  N-20  .  576 
Cheyenne,  D-2  .1,020 

Clark,  N-7 975 

Clay,  E14. 660 

Cloud,  E-12 720 

Coffey,  J-17 648 

Comanche,  N-8-  795 
Cowley,  Ml 4  ..1,122 
Crawford,  L-20  592 
Decatur,  D-5....  iKX) 
Dickinson,  G-14.  851 
Doniphan,  C-15.  378 
Douglas.  G-  8-.-  469 
Edwards,  K-8.-.    612 

i  Elk,  M-16 6.51 

I  Ellis,  G-8 62.5 

Ellsworth,  H-11.  720 
Finne}%   K-4---.    864 

Ford,  L-6 l,04(i 

Franklin,  H-18  -  576 
Garfield.  J -5  ...    432 

(rfarv.  G-15 407 

Gove^,  G-5 1,020 

Graham  E-6    .      900 

I  Grant,  L-3  . .  ..    .576 

Gray,  L-5 864 


Pop. 

1890. 

13,509 

14,203 

26,758 

7,973 

13,17 ; 

28,57.-^ 

20,319 

24,0.55 

8,2*i 

12,297 

27,770 

4,401 

2,357 

16,145 

l'.i,295 

15,856 

2,.519 

:i4,4r8 

30(286 

8.414 

22,273 

13,5:35 

23,961 

3,600 

12,216 

7.942 

9,272 

3,a50 

5,308 

20,279 

8S1 

10,423 

2  991 

5.029 

1,308 

2  415 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  fni^"] 
Sq.  Mis.    ■'^^-  I 

Greeley  I-l 780  1,264! 

Greenwd,  K-16. 1,155  16,309 

Hamilton    K-2..    922  2,027 

Harper,  Nil....    810  13,266 

Harvej',  K-13...    540  17,601 

Haskell,  L4....    576  1.077 

Hodgeman,  J-6     864  2.395 

Jackson,   E-17..    6.58  14.626 

Jefferson.  F- 18..    568  16,620 

Jewell,  C-11 900  19,:i4'^ 

Johnson.  G-20..    480    '  17  385 

Kearney,  K-3...    864  1,571 

Kingman,  L-11..    864  11.823 

Kiowa,  M-8 720  2,873 

Labette,  N  18.  .    649  27,586 

Lane,   1-5     720  2,060 

Leavenw'th,F-19   455  38,485 

Lincoln,  F-11...    720  9,709 

Linn,   J-20 6^37  17,215 

Logan,  G-3 1080  3,384 

Lyon,  1-16 8.58  23,196 

McPherson.  1-12    IKX)  21,614 

Marion    1-14....    9.54  20,539 

Marshall,  D-15  .    900  23,912 

Meade,  N-5 975  2  542 

Miami.  H-20...-    588  19  614 

Mitchell,   Ell..    720  15.037 

M^tgomerv.  N-17   648  2^3,104 

Morris.  H-15....    684  11,381 

Morton.  N-1.-..    729  724 

Nemaha.  C-17-.-    720  19,249 

Neosho.  L-18----    576  18,561 

Ness.  1-6.. 1,080  4,944 

Norton.  C-6 900  10,617 

Osage.  H-17  ....    720  25,062 

i  Osborne,   E-9...    900  12,083 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  .  ^(^' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^^• 

Ottawa,  F-12.--    WO  12,581 

Pawnee.  J-8  ...    756  5.204 

PhiUips,  C-8...-    900  13,661 
Pottawatomie, 

E-16    848  17,72i 

Pratt,  L-9 720  8,118 

Rawlins,  C-3  ...1,080  6,7.56 

Reno,  K-11 1,260  27,079 

Republic,  C-12..    720  19,002 

Rice,  111.- 720  14,451 

Riley,  F-14 612  13,183 

Rooks,  E-8 900  8,018 

Rush,  H-8 720  5,204 

Russell.  G-9 900  7,353 

Saline,  H-12....    720  17,412 

Scott,  1-4. 720  1,262 

Sedgwick.  L-13.1  008  43,626 

Seward,  N-4..--    648  1,503 

Shawnee  G-17.-    558  49,172 

Sheridan,  E-5...    900  3,733 

Sherman.  E-2    1,080  5  261 

Smith.  C-9. 900  15,613 

Stafford,  J-IO...    792  8,520 

Stanton,  L-1--.-    672  1,031 

Stevens,  N-3..-.    728  1,418 

Sumner,  N-13.-.  1,188  30,271 

Thomas,  E-3...  1,080  5,538 

Trego,  G-6. 900  2,535 

Wabaunsee,G-16   804  11,720 

WaUace,  G-2...-    900  2,468 

Washingt'n,C-14   900  22,894 

Wichita,  1-3  ....    720  1.827 

Wilson,  L-17....    576  15,286 

Woodson,  K-17.    504  9,021 

Wyandotte,  F-20    160  54.40 T 

Total 81,700  1,427  096 


114 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEBRASKA. 


Ne-bras'ka. 

*•  Black-water  State." 


Indian—"  Water  Valley. 


HISTOKICAIi.— Country  first  visited  by 
Spaniards  in  the  sixteenth  century.  French 
missionaries  and  traders  entered  the  territory 
about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
Formed  part  of  the  Louisiana  purchase  of 
1803.  Government  exploration  by  way  of 
Platte  Valley  made  under  Major  Long  in  1820. 
First  settlement  made  by  whites  at  Bellevue, 
1847.  Nebraska  Territory  organized,  1854;  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union,  1867;  was  the  twenty 
fourth  State  admitted. 

AREA,  ETC.— State  has  a  length,  from 
east  to  west,  of  413  miles;  width,  north  and 
south,  about  208  miles;  total  area,  77,510 
square  miles— land,  76.&40,  water,  670.  The 
Missouri,  which  forms  the  eastern  boundary, 
is  the  only  navigable^  river;  principal  river  in 
the  interior,  the  Platte,  flows  eastwardly 
through  central  part  of  State.  Average  ele- 
vation of  eastern  half  of  State,  1,400  feet;  of 
western,  2,312;  greatest  elevation,  White  River 
Summit,  4,876  feet. 

CLIMATE Temperature  at  North  Platte: 

Mean  winter,  19°,  extreme,  —35°;  summer, 
74°,  extreme,  107°.  Omaha,  winter,  IQ'',  ex- 
treme, —32°;  summer,  76°,  extreme,  105°. 
Valentine,  winter,  14°,  extreme,  —35°;  sum- 
mer, 74°,  extreme,  106°.  Average  annual  rain- 
fall: North  Platte,  20  2  inches;  Omaha,  33.5 
inches;  Valentine,  17  2  inches. 

POPULATION.— Nebraska  ranked  thirty- 
ninth  in  population  in  1860,  thirty-sixth  in 
1870,  thirtieth  in  1880,  and  twenty-sixth  in  1890. 
Total  population,  1860,  28,841;  1870,  122,993; 
1880,  452,402;  1890,  1,058,910.  Classification: 
Male,  572,824;  female,  486,086;  native,  856,368; 
foreign,  202,542;  white,  1,046,888;  colored,  12,- 
022— Africans,  8,913;  Chinese,  214;  Japanese, 
2;  Indians,  2,893. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES. -Omaha,  the  com- 
mercial metropolis,  population,  1890,  140,452; 
1880,  :30,518;  Liucolu,  the  capital,  an  important 
railway  center,  population,  55,154.  After  Lin- 
coln the  largest  cities  in  the  State  are:  Bea- 
trice, population,  13,836;  Hastings,  13,584;  Ne- 
braska City,  11,494;  Plattsmouth.  8,392. 

URBAN  POPULATION.— Increase  in  ur- 
ban population  during  past  decade,  unusually 
large.  Returns  show  sixteen  cities  having 
2,500  or  more  inhabitants,  aggregate  popula- 
tion being  291,194.  In  1880,  aggregate  popula- 
tion of  these  places,  74,452.  Greatest  numeri- 
cal increases:  Omaha,  109,934;  Lincoln,  42,151; 
Beatrice,  11,389;  Hastings,  10,767.  Percentages 
of  increase  greatest  in  North  Platte,  741.60; 
Beatrice,  465.43;  Norfolk,  455.39;  Hastings, 
382.22;  Omaha,  360.23;  Kearney,  353.09. 

AGRICULTURE,  ETC.— Agriculture  the 
principal  industry  of  the  State.  Total  area 
devoted  to  the  cereals.  1879, 3,502, 146  acres;  1889, 
7,961,969  acres;  increase  in  corn  area,  3,849,619 
acres.  Corn  is  grown  in  every  county, 
increased  area  reported  in  every  one.  In 
1891,  Nebraska  ranked  fourth  among  corn- 
producing  States;  area,  4,762,840  acres;  pro- 
duction, 167,652,000  bushels,  value,  $43  589,512; 
wheat,  1.205,350 acres,  18,080,000 bushels;  oats, 


1,368,977  acres,  48,599,000  bushels;  good  crops 
of  barley,  rye,  and  buckwheat  are  grown. 
Census  returns  give  area  under  rye,  81,372 
acres;  yield,  l,085,(»a3  bushels;  barley,  82,590 
acres;  yield,  1,822,111  bushels;  buckwheat, 
15,358  acres;  yield,  120,00U  bushels.  Flax  is  an 
important  ci'op.  State  ranks  fourth  in  area, 
production,  and  value  of  products;  area,  163,900 
acres;  seed,  1,401,104  bushels;  fiber,  1,025 
pounds;  value  of  products,  $1,392,689.  Root 
crops  are  most  successfully  cultivated; 
average  yield  of  potatoes,  4,459,000  bushels. 
Soil  well  adapted  to  beetcultui*e;  factories  for 
the  manuf  actui-e  of  beet-root  sugar  have  been 
estabhshed  at  Grand  Island  and  Norfolk. 

HORTICULTURE,  ETC Fruits  of  East- 
ern Nebraska  famous  for  their  excelleijce. 
Apples  are  especially  noted.  Latest  reports 
give  total  number  fruit  trees  in  the  State  as 
3,321,808;  gr  pe- vines,  752,828.  Nebraska  has 
177  nurseries,  comprising  15,641  acres  of  land, 
total  value,  $1,364,996.  Three  were  estabhshed 
between  1850-60.  There  are  1,24S  acres  under 
apple  trees;  cherry,  plum,  pear,  and  peach 
trees  following  in  importance.  There  are  18 
seed  farms  in  the  State;  combined  area,  13,870 
acres;  average  to  each  farm,  695  acres;  total 
value,  $907,746.  The  industry  is  important 
and  usually  conducted  on  an  extensive  scale, 
a  single  farm  sometimes  embracing  nearly 
3,000  acres  of  land.  State  has  38  florists'  es- 
tabUshments-4  owned  and  managed  by 
women,  total  value,  $349,273;  employes,  118; 
wages  paid,  $50,931;  plant  sales,  $97,897;  cut 
flower  sales,  $64,388. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Stock-raising  forms  one 
of  the  principal  industries.  Possessing  excel- 
lent and  abundant  pasturage,  both  summer 
and  winter,  and  a  great  coi'n  product,  the 
State  ranks  among  the  prominent  meat- 
producing  States  of  the  West.  Number  and 
value  of  farm  animals,  1891 :  Horses,  625,293, 
$36,298,768;  mules,  46,708,  $3,473,182;  milch 
cows,  530,338,  $9,943,838;  cattle,  1,614,676,  $26,- 
780,200;  sheep,  269,804,  $690,887;  swine,  2,586,- 
952,  $13,537,521. 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS.  -The  dairy  industry 
has  become  one  of  the  most  important  in  the 
State.  Estimated  number  dairy  cows,  1888, 
300,000,  value,  $7,200,000.  Value  of  dairy  prod- 
ucts, $10,500,000.  Two-thirds  the  creameries  in 
the  State  reported  a  marked  improvement  in 
the  grade  of  dairy  cows.  Number  of  cream- 
eries an  I  cheese  factories,  54;  average  value 
of  creamery  plants,  $5,500;  cheese  factories, 
$3,250;  total  product  of  creameries,  4,500,000 
pounds. 

MINERALS.  — Coal,  salt,  limestone,  fine 
clays,  marl,  and  peat  exist.  Coal  mined  in 
southeastern  part  of  State;  output,  1890,  1,400 
tons,  value,  $4,500;  limestone  was  quarried 
chiefly  in  Cass,  Gage,  and  Sarpy  counties; 
value  of  output,  $207,019.  Salt  basin  near 
Lincoln  covers  aii  area  of  twelve  by  twenty- 
five  miles,  includes  numerous  salt  springs, 
whose  waters  includes  29  per  cent,  of  pure 
salt. 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


117 


MANUFACTURES.  -  Among  principal 
manufactures  are  farming  implements,  car- 
riages and  wagons,  clothing,  foundry  and 
machine  shop  products,  liquors,  lumber,  and 
printing  and  publishing.  For  1890,  Omaha  re- 
ports 77  industries,  with  626  establishments: 
capital  invented,  S15,G;!0,109;  employes.  7,53;3; 
wages,  $4,797,482;  cost  of  materials  used,  $27,- 
779,394;  value  of  products,  §38,961.523.  In  1879 
there  were  49  industries,  154  establishments; 
capital,  $1,835,800;  employes,  1,688;  wages 
paid,  §726,918;  materials  used,  $2,527,476;  prod- 
ucts, S4,280.866. 

KAILWA1  S.  —  First  road  to  enter  the 
State,  the  Union  Pacific;  chartered,  1862;  work 
begun  at  Omaha,  18G3;  in  1865,  forty  miles  of 
road  were  comphted;  number  of '  miles  in 
operation  in  1870,  705;  1875,  1,127:  1880,  1.953; 
1885,  2,963;  1890.  5,407;  January  1,  1892.  5,451. 
Stat<;  has  one  mile  of  railway  to  eacH  14.2 
square  mDes. 

EDUCATION.  —State  has  an  efficient  and 
highly  promising  system  of  public  schools. 
Annual  expenditures,  $3.5OO,O0O;  permanent 
fund,  S6,.50(J.OOO.  School  age,  5-21:  number 
pupils  enrolled  in  public  schools,  240,300. 
State  University  at  Lincoln:  value  of  plant  and 
endowment.  $2,000,000;  number  students,  600. 
Number  colleges  in  State.  7. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  Feb- 
niary  22.  April  22.  IVIay  30,  July  4.  Labor  Day, 
Thank.sgivinc,  public  fast,  and   December  25. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS — State  Univer- 
sity and  Agricultural  College  at  Lincoln ;  State 


I  Normal   School,  Peru;    Reform  School,  near 
Kearney;   Nebraska  Institute  for  Bhnd,   Ne- 
braska City:    Institute  for  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
I  Omaha;     Asylum    for    Feeble-minded,    near 
I  Beatrice;  Home  for  the  Friendless.  Lincoln; 
I  Insane  asylu.i.sat  Lincoln  and  Norfolk;  Hos- 
;  pital  for  Chronic  Insane,  Hastings;  State  Pen- 
itentiary at  Hversville. 

CIVIL  WAR.  —  Nebraska  furnished  3,157 
men  during  the  war;  number  deaths,  239. 
State  had,  June  30,  1891,  12,011  pensioners  on 
the  rolls. 

POSTAL.— Total  number  post  offices,  1.127; 
number  presidential  offices,  80  —  2  first-class; 
7  second-class:  71  third -clas.s;  nimiber fourth- 
class,  1,047;  money  order  offices,  318;  postal 
note,  18. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  fu-st  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; numberof  Senators,  .3:3;  Representatives, 
100;  term,  2  years;  sessions  biennial,  in  odd- 
numbered  yeai  a,  meets  first  Tuesday  in  Jan- 
uary; hmit  of  session,  none.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  8:  number  voters.  301,500. 
Voters  must  be  citizens  or  declared  intention; 
residents  of  State  6  months,  of  county  40  days, 
of  precinct  10  days;  registration  required. 
Idiots,  insane,  and  convicts,  unless  pardoned, 
excluded . 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 5  years;  open  accounts,  4;  notes,  5; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  7;  by  contract,  10. 


COUNTIES. 


Counties. 


^et     P^P- 
Sq.  Ss.  18^- 


24,303 
10,399 
2,435 
1.146 
8,683 
5,494 


Adams,  L-13 552 

Antelope,  F-14..  864 
i  Banner,  H-1....  756 
Blaine,  G-10  ....  720 
Boone,  H-14....  692 
Boxbutte,  F-3 -.1,080 

Boyd,  C-12 

Brown,  F-10... .1,020  4,359 

Buffalo,  J-12....    882  22,162 

Burt,  G-18 468  11.069 

Butler,  1-16 .58:3  15,454 

Cass,  J-19 530  24,080 

Cedar,  E-16 7:;35  7.028 

Chase,  K-6 888  4^807 

Cherry,  E-7 fi,668  6,428 

Cheyenne,  1-3  ..3. -.'88  5.693 

Clay,  L-14 576  16,310 

Colfax,  HI 6....    400  10,453 

Cuming.  G- 17-..    576  12,265 

Custer,  I- 1 0 2  592  21 ,  677 

Dakota,  E-18  ...    280  .5,386 

Dawes,  D-3 1.4U4  9,722 

Dawson,  K-10  .  1,028  10,129 

Deuel,  H-4. 2,130  2,893 

Dixon,  E  17 468  8,084 

Dodge,  H-17..--    520  19,260 

Douglas,  M9-..    330  158,008 

Dundy,  M-6  ....    912  4,012 

Fillmore,  L-15..    576  16,022 

Frankhn,  M-12.-    576  7,693 

Frontier,  L-9...    972  8,497 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  tofK' 

Sq.Mls.  ^'*•^• 

Furnas,  M-IO...    720  9,^40 

Gage,  31-17 864  36,344 

Garfield,  G-12.-    576  1,659 

CJosper,  L-10  ...    468  4,816 

Grant,  G-6 720  458 

Greeley, H-13...    576  4,869 

Hall,  J-13 552  16,513 

Hamilton,  K-14.    576  14,096 

Harlan,  Mil...    576  8,158 

Hayes,  L-7 720  3.9.53 

Hitchcock,  M-7.    720  5.799 

Holt,  E-13- 2,714  13,672 

Hooker,  G-7....    720  426 

Howard.  1-13...    .576  9,4.30 

Jefferson,  M-16.    576  14.8.50 

Johnson,  L-1 8..    396  10.333 

Kearnev,  L-12-      525  9,0(51 

Keith,  16 1,254  2,556 

Keyapaha,  D-10   660  3,920 

Kimball,  J-1---.    923  959 

Knox,  D-15  -...1,100  8,582 

Lancaster,  K-17   864  76,395 

Lincoln.  K-8.-- -2,580  10.441 

Logan,  H-9 576  1,-378 

Loup.  G-11 576  1,662 

McPherson,  H-71,340  492 

Madison,  G-15.-    576  13,669 

Merrick,  J-14-..    440  8,758 

Nance,  1-14 436  5,773 

Nemaha,  L-1 9..    391  12,930 

Nuckolls, M-14.-    576  11,417 


Land 
Counties.      Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Omaha  Reserve, 
F-18 

Otoe,  K-19 ."  "609* 

Pawnee,  M-18  ..  432 
Perkins,  J-6.-..  882 
Phelps,  L-11.-..  576 
Pierce,  F-15....  576 
Platte,  H-15....    682 

Polk,  J-1 5 439 

Redwillow,  M-9.  720 
Richards"n,iM-20   545 

Rock,  F-11 856 

SaUne,L-16  ....    576 

Sarpy,  J-19 230 

Saunders,  1-17  .  740 
Scott's  Bluff. G-1  756 
Seward,  J-10...  576 
Sheridan,  E-4... 2, 180 
Sherman.  1-12       576 

Sioux,  El 2,046 

Stanton.  G-16-..  432 
Thaver,  M-15...  576 
Thomas,  G-9....  720 
Thurston,  F-18.  398 
VaUey,  H-12....  576 
Washington, 

H-18  .  381 
Wayne,  F-17---.  444 
Webster,  M-13..  576 
Wheeler,  G-13..    576 

York,  K-15 576 

Total 76,840   1. 


Pop. 

1890. 


25,403 

10,  .340 
4,-364 
9,869 
4,864 

15,437 

10,817 
8,837 

17,-574 
3,083 

20,097 
6,875 

21,577 
1,888 

16,140 
8,687 
6,-399 
2,452 
4,619 

12,7.38 

517 

3,176 

7,092 

11,869 
6,169 

11,210 
1,683 

17,279 
058,910 


118 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS 


119 


SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


Da-kO'-ta. 
•'  Swiagecat  State. 


Indian— Dahkotah  "Leagued." 


HISTORICAL.— Country  formed  part  of 
Louisiana  purchase  of  1803.  First  explora- 
tions made  by  Lewis  and  Clarke,  1804-5.  First 
real  settlement  made  at  Sioux  Falls,  1856. 
Dakota  Territory  organized  March  2,  1861. 
State  constitution  adopted  October  1,  1889. 
State  admitted  November  2  of  that  year. 

AREA.— State  has  a  total  area  of  77,650 
square  miles;  76,850  square  miles  land;  800 
square  miles  water.  Principal  rivers:  Mis- 
souri—navigable throughout  the  State— James, 
Big  Sioux.  Grand.  White,  and  Cheyenne.  Great- 
est altitude.  Harney  Peak.  7,368  feet. 

ClilMATJE.— Temperature  at  Yankton: 
Mean  winter,  13°,  extreme,  — 34°;  summer, 
74°,  extreme,  103°;  average  annual  rainfall, 
27.3  inches. 

POPULATION.  —  South  Dakota  ranked 
thirty-seventh  in  1890.  Population,  328,808; 
Classification:  Male,  180,250;  female,  148..558; 
native,  237,75^3;  foreign,  91,055;  white,  :i27,290; 
colored.  1,518— Africans,  541;  Chinese,  195;  In- 
dians 782 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  — Sioux  Falls,  the 
largest,  population,  10,177,  increase  during  dec- 
ade, 8,013,  or  370.29  per  cent:  Yankton,  second 
in  size,  population,  3,670;  Pierre,  the  capital, 
population,  3.235. 

AGRICULTURE,  ETC — State  es.sentially 
agricultural.  Area  uniler  cereals,  1889,  3,701,- 
6^  acres;  1879.  :^6,7;33  acres.  Area  imdi^r 
corn.  18*41,  9:^,130  acres;  production,  21,018.0fM) 
bushels;  wheat,  1,954,88:3 acres,  29,714,0<W  Imsh- 
els;  oats,  724,092  acres,  23,:388,000  bushels. 
Farm  animals,  l,;i56,200,  value,  $29,41.5,160. 


3IINERALS. — Gold  mining  began  in  Black 
Hills,  1873;  value  of  production,  1889,  $3,091,- 
137;  silver,  $135,331.  There  are  621  tin  open- 
ings; output  of  tin-bearing  rock,  1889,  22.000 
short  tons.  Granite,  sandstone,  and  limestone 
are  quarried.  In  1891,  31,813  barrels  of  Port- 
land cement  were  made,  value,  §71,579;  there 
are  large  deposits  of  gypsum. 

RAILWAYS.— First  railway  entered  South 
Dakota  1872.  State  now  has  2,665  miles  of 
road,  or  one  mile  to  each  29  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.— Number  of  pupils  in  pub- 
he  schools,  66,150:  school  age,  7-20.  University 
of  South  Dakota  at  Vermilion.  Normal 
schools  at  Madison  and  Spearfish. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tion.s, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November. 
Number  of  Senators,  45;  Representatives,  118; 
sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  years ; 
meets  Tuesday  after  first  IMonday  in  January; 
limit  of  session,  60  days ;  term  of  Senators  and 
Representatives,  2  years.  Number  electoral 
votes,  4;  number  voters,  96,765.  Voters  must  be 
citizens  or  declared  intention,  residents  State 
and  county  6  months,  precinct  30  days.  Idiots, 
insane, and  convicts, unless  pardoned, excluded 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22.  May  30,  July  4,  Thanksgiving  and 
public  fast,  December  25,  and  State  or  National 
election. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 20  j-ears;  open  accounts,  6;  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  taxes,  2  years.  Legal  interest 
rate,  7;  by  contract,  12. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  ^Lk' 
Sq.  Mis.     ^^^■ 

Aurora,  K- 15...    725  .5,045 

Beadle,  H-15. ...  1 ,2:35  9,.586 

Bonhomme,N-16   540  9,057 
Boreman,  C-9  ..1,260 

Brookings,  H-19   795  10,132 

Browm,  1)15....  1,720  16.S.55 

Brule,  K-13 825  6,737 

Buffalo,  1-13..--    510  993 

Butte,  F-3 2,3:35  1,037 

Campbell,  C-11.    900  3.510 

Chas.  Mix,M-15.1,i:30  4,178 

Choteau,  E-4  ...    870  8 

Clark,  G-17 970  6,728 

Clay,  N-18 410  7,.509 

Codington,  F-18.    720  7,0:37 

Custer,  K-3 1,615  4,891 

Davison.  K-16  ..    4.35  5,449 

Day,  D-17 1,080  9,168 

Delano,  F-5 1,045  40 

Deuel,  G-19.  ...    630  4,574 

Dewey,  E-9 2,2:35 

Douglas,  L-15  ..    4.50  4,600 

Edmunds,  D-13. 1,155  4,-399 

Ewing,C-3 .1,008  16 

FallRiver,M-2    1,770  4,478 

Faulk,  F-13 1,010  4,062 

Grant,  E-19 690  6,814 


Land  p^ 

Counties.        Area,  t^.L' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^^•'"• 

Gregory,  M-13. .    975  295 

Hamlin,  G-18..-    .545  4,625 

Hand,  H-14 1,435  6.546 

Hanson,  K-17...    4:35  4,267 

Harding,  D-2-..  1,475  167 

Hughes,  H-1 1 . . .    756  5.044 

Hutchinson,  L-17  795  10,469 

Hyde,  H-12 &50  1,860 

Jackson,  J-7 1,255  .30 

Jerauld.  1-14....    550  .3,605 

Kingsbury,  H-17    870  8..562 

Lake,  1-18 .580  7,508 

Lawrence,  H-2  .    795  11,673 

Lincoln,  L-19...    540  9,143 
Lugenbeel,  M-7. 1,080 

Lyman,  K-12...    575  2.33 

McCook,  K-17..    580  6,448 

McPherson,  C-13    975  5,940 

Marshall,  C-17..    900  4,544 

Martin,  C-4 755  7 

Meade,  1-4 1.405  4,640 

Meyer,  L-9 1,440 

Miner,  1-17.-           580  5,165 

Minnehaha, K-19   790  21,879 

Moody,  J-19.--.    500  5,941 

Nowdin  1-7 1,220  149 

Pennington,  1-3-1,521  6,540 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Potter,  E-11      .-    900 

Pratt,  J-10 1,220 

Presho,  J-11....  1,185 

Pyatt,  F-8 1.510 

Rinehart.  E-5...  835 
Roberts,  D-19-..  1,100 
Sanborn,  1-16...  580 
Schnasse,  D-7  ..1,580 
Scobey,  H-5..-- 1,045 
Shannon,  M-.'S--.  1,080 

Spink,  F-15 1,505 

Stanley,  H-IO...  1,155 
Sternng,H-7....  1,185 

Sully,  G-11 1,050 

Todd,  M-14 45 

Tripp,  L-11 1.800 

Turner,  L-18....  615 
Union,  N-19  ....  4.30 
Wagner,  C-6  . .  720 
Walworth,  D-11.  740 
Washabaugh, 

K-7 -1,260 

Washingt'n,L-5-l,.510 

Yankton,  N-18-.    ,515 

Ziebach,  J-6..-- 1,040 

Total.. --76,850 


Pop. 

1890. 

2,910 

23 

181 

34 

1,997 
4,610 

32 

10,.581 

1,028 

96 

2,412 

188 

10,2.56 
9,130 

2,1.53 


40 

10,444 

510 

328,808 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


fl       o       Q       H       b       0       n 


»?       td      »3       a       »       o       01 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


121 


NORTH   DAKOTA. 


Da-kO'ta. 
"Flickertail  State." 


Indian,  Dahkotah — "Leagued. 


HISTORICAL,.— As  early  as  1780  a  French 
fur-trader  settled  at  Pembina.  Exploring  ex- 
pedition of  Lewis  and  Clarke  spent  the  winter 
of  1804-5  among  the  Mandan  Indians  near 
present  site  of  Bismarck.  American  Fur  Com- 
pany dominant  factor  in  this  section  from  1832. 
Formed  a  pai  t  of  Dakota  Territory  from  1861 
to  October,  1889,  when  it  became  a  State. 

AREA.  Total  area,  70,795  square  miles: 
land  surface,  70,195;  water,  tiOO.  Principal 
rivers,  Missouri,  James,  Red,  and  Sheyenne. 
Greatest  elevation,  Sentinel  IButte,  2,707  feet. 

CLIMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Bismarck: 
Mean  winter,  4°.  extreme,  -44°;  summer,  67°, 
extreme,  105°;  Fort  Buford,  winter,  3°,  ex- 
treme, -49°.  Average  annual  rainfall:  Bis- 
marck, 19  inches;  Foil  Buford,  13.8  inches. 

POPULATION.  — Dakota  ranked  forty- 
second  in  population  in  1860,  forty-fifth  in 
1870  and  fortieth  in  1880.  Total  population 
1860,  4,837;  1«70,  14,181:  1880,  1-35,177.  North 
Dakota  ranked  forty-first  in  population  in 
1890.  Total  population.  1890,  182,719.  Classifi- 
cation: Male,  101,590;  female,  81.129;  native, 
101,258;  foreign,  81,461;  white,  182,123;  colored, 
.596— Africans,  373;  Chinese,  28;  Japanese,  1; 
Indians,  194. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES.— Fargo,  the  largest 
city,  has  5,664  inhabitants.  Grand  Forks,  com- 
mercial center  of  Northeast  Dakota,  popula- 
tion, 4,979,  an  increase  of  3,274  over  that  of  1880. 
Jamestown,  population,  2,296.  Bismarck,  the 
capital,  has  2,186  inhabitants. 

AGRICULTURE.  ETC. -Agriculture  and 
stock-raising  the  principal  interests.  There 
are  5,000,00(^  acres  under  farms,  value  $5:3,600,- 
000.  Area  under  cereals,  1889,  3,233,993  acres; 
1879, 106,505  acres.  Wheat,  the  principal  crop, 
area  1891,  2,927,274  acres;  production  52,105,- 
000  bushels;  corn,  38,922  acres,  701 ,000 bushels; 
oats,  496,926  acres,  16,647,000  bushels.  Number 
farm  animals  902,000,  value  $18,*i8,870. 


MINERALS,  ETC — Coal-producing  coun- 
ties are  Morton,  Stark,  and  Ward.  Produc- 
tion chiefly  limited  to  towns  along  Northern 
Pacific  Railway.  State  affords  large  encour- 
agement to  arboriculture.  About  60,000  acres 
have  been  planted  in  elder,  cottonwood,  and 
other  varieties. 

RAILAVAYS.  —  The  first  railway  —  the 
Northern  Pacific — entered  tue  State  January 
2,  1872;  272  mi  es  of  road  completed  that  year. 
State  had,  January  1,  1892,  2,218  miles  of  road, 
giving  one  mile  to  each  31.91  square  miles  of 
territorj-. 

EDUC-\TION — Value  of  common  school 
property,  $1,515,000;  annual  expenditures, 
S6.35  000.  School  age,  7-20;  number  in  public 
schools.  35,000;  in  private  schools,  2,186.  Uni- 
versity of  North  Dakota  at  Grand  Rapids. 
Normal  Schools  established  at  May^-ille  and 
Valley.  City. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  Febru- 
ary' 22,  May  30,  July  4,  Thanksgiving  and  pui)- 
lic  fast,  December  25,  and  general  State  or 
National  election. 

POLITICAL — State  elections,  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  fiist  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber. Number  of  SenatiDrs,  31;  Representa- 
tives, 62;  term  of  Senatoi"s,  4  years;  Repre- 
sentatives, 2  years;  sessions,  biennial  in  odd- 
numbered  yeai-s,  meets  first  Tuesday  in  Janu- 
ary; limit  of  session,  60  days.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  3;  nvmiber  voters,  55,959. 
Voters  mut^t  be  citizens  or  declared  intention, 
and  civilized  Indians,  residents  of  State  1 
year,  of  county  6  months,  of  precinct  90  days; 
registration  required  in  cities.  Idiots,  insime, 
convicts,  and  U.  S  soldiers  excluded. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  .Judg- 
ments, 20  years;  open  accounts,  6;  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  7;  by  contract,  10. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

AUred,  G-1 4.50 

Barnes,  K-16---- 1,512 
Benson,  F-13..-- 1,368 
Billings.  K-2...-.3,360 
Bottineau,  C-10. 1,130 
Bowman,  N-2-..  1,224 

Buford,  D-1 1,620 

Biu-leigh,J-10.-. 1,692 

Cass,  J-18 .1,764 

Cavalier,  C-15..  1,512 
Church,  G-10....  1,020 
Dickey,  N-IS... .1,152 

Dunn,   1-4 1,152 

Eddy,  H-14 648 

Emmons,  M-1 1.-1,584 
Flannery,  D-13..1,800 
Foster,  H-14....  648 
Gai-fleld,  G-6....  918 
Gr'd  Forks,F-18. 1,404 


Pop. 
1890. 


7,045 

2,460 

170 

2,893 

6 

803 

4,247 

19,613 

6,471 

74 

5,573 

159 

1,377 

1,971 

?2 

1,210 

33 

18,357 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,,  ^q(L' 

Sq.Mls.  ■^^^• 

Griggs,  H-18-...    720  2,817 

Hettinger,  M-5.. 2,160  81 

Kidder,   J-12.... 1,440  1,211 

Lamoure,  L-15.. 1,1.52  3,187 

Logan,   M-13....  1,008  597 

McHenry,  E-10..  1,476  1,584 

Mcintosh,  N-13.1,008  3,248 

McKenzie,  H-2..  1,080  3 

McLean,  H-9....    702  860 

Mercer,  1-7 711  428 

Morton,  L-8 3,168  4,728 

Mountraille,D-5.2,895  122 

Nelson,  F-16....  1,008  4,293 

OUver,  J  8- 720  464 

Pembina,   C-18.. 1,120  14,.334 

Pierce,  Ell 864  905 

Ramsey,  E-14...    936  4,418 

Ransom,  M-17...    864  5,393 

Renville,  C-8....1,a32  99 


Land  p 

Counties.       Area,  i*,5' 
Sq.Mls.     •'^^'^• 

Richland,  M-19..  1,440  10,751 

Rolette,  C-12....    936  2,427 

Sargent,  N-17-..    864  5,076 

Sheridan,  H-10..    900  5 

Stark,   K-5 1,.310  2,;304 

Steele,  1-17. 720  3,777 

Stevens,   G-8....  1,116  16 

Stutsman,  J-14-. 2,304  .5,266 

Towner,  D-13... 1,044  1,450 

Traill,  H-19 864  10,217 

Wallace.  G-3..-.l,.323  24 

Walsh,  E-17 1,584  16,587 

Ward,  F-8 1,512  1,681 

Wells,   H-12 1,296  1,212 

Williams,  1-6....  1,260  109 

Unorganized 

territory...  1,400  .511 

Total 70, 195     182,719 


122 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


123 


MONTANA. 


HISTORICAI..— First 

from  Quebec,  1743-44.  First  explorations  made 
by  Lewis  and  Clarke  during  their  famous  ex- 
pedition of  1804-1806.  A  trading  post  estab- 
lished on  the  Yellowstone  River,  1809;  Fort 
Union  built  by  American  Fur  Company,  1832; 
Fort  Benton,  1846.  First  settlers  reached  the 
countr}^  1862.  Gold  discoveries  of  1862-63  led 
to  a  rapid  development.  Montana  Territory 
organized,  1863.  State  admitted  into  the  Union, 
November  8,  1889. 

AREA,  ETC — Third  in  size  of  the  poUt- 
ical  divisions  of  the  United  States.  Total 
number  square  miles.  146,080—145,310  land,  770 
water;  extreme  length,  east  to  west.  .540  miles; 
average  breadth,  275  miles.  State  consists  of 
two  great  divisions— the  plains  of  the  eastern 
division  comprise  two-thirds  the  total  area; 
mountains  of  the  western  division,  one-third. 
Country  drained  by  the  Missouri  River  and  its 
tributaries,  and  the  tributaries  of  the  Colum- 
bia. Greatest  elevation,  about  12,000  feet: 
average,  3.900  feet.  One-fourth  the  area  under 
forests.  Timber  of  the  western  section  be- 
coming an  important  source  of  revenue. 
Lumber  manufactures,  average,  S20,000,000. 

ClilMATE.— Temperature  at  Fort  Assina- 
boine:  Mean  winter,  9°,  extreme,  —55°;  sum- 
mer, 67°,  extreme,  108°;  Fort  Custer,  winter, 
14°,  extreme,  —48°;  summer,  71°,  extreme, 
106°;  Poplar  River,  winter,  —5°,  extreme, 
—63°;  summer,  69°,  extreme,  110°.  Average 
annual  rainfall:  Fort  Assinaboine,  15.4  inches; 
Fort  Custer,  13  inches;  Poplar  River,  10.8 
inches. 

POPULATION.— Montana  ranked  forty- 
third  in  population  in  1870,  forty- fifth  in  1880, 
and  forty-fourth  in  1890.  Total  population, 
1870,  20,595;  1880,  39.159;  1890,  132,159.  Classi- 
fication: Male,  87  882;  female,  4-1,277;  native, 
89,063;  foreign.  43,096;  white,  127,271;  colored, 
4,888— Africans,  1,490;  Chinese,  2,532;  Japan- 
ese, 6;  Indians,  860. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. -Helena,  the  capi- 
tal and  largest  city,  seat  of  United  States  as- 
say office,  population,  13,8^34;  1880,  3,624;  rate 
of  increase,  281.73  per  cent.  Butte,  second 
city  in  size,  one  of  the  greatest  mining  centers 
in  the  country;  population,  10,723;  1880,  3,363; 
increase  during  decade,  218. 55  per  cent.  Great 
Falls,  Anaconda,  and  Missoula  follow  next  in 
importance. 

AGRICULTURE.— Fstimated  area  of  cul- 
tivable land,  37,000,000  acres,  eight-ninths  of 
this  unoccupied  land.  Cereals,  except  Indian 
corn,  and  all  fruits  of  the  temperate  zone 


M5n-ta'  nah. 

"  Stubtoe  State." 

Spanish— "  Mountainous." 
visited  by  French    flourish  wherever  there  is  sufficient  moisture. 
Wheat  crop  of  1891,  1,856,000  bushels;  oats, 
3,«>48.000  bushels.    Rye,  barley,  potatoes,  and 
beans  give  abundant  returns. 

LIVE  STOCK.— The  raising  of  live  stock 
has  become  one  of  the  great  industries  of  the 
State.  In  1891,  the  sheep  numbered  2.089,.337, 
value.  $5,228,566;  cattle,  1,025,967,  value,  $16,- 
725.323;  horses,  197.011.  value,  $7,131,796;  cows. 
35,705.  value,  $1,0-^6,519.  Wool  cUp,  4,422,000 
poimds. 

MINERALS.— State  has  an  inexhaustible 
store  of  mineral  wealth;  leads  all  others  in 
production  of  copper;  output,  1889,  98,222,444 
pounds.  Ranks  second  in  silver  and  third  in 
gold.  Value  of  gold  mmed,  1890,  $3,300,000; 
amount  of  silver,  1.5,750,W0ounces,  value,  $20, 
363,636.  In  1889,  Montana  ranked  fourth  as  a 
lead-producing  State;  output,  10,183  tons, 
value,  $456,975.  Estimated  value  of  gold, 
silver,  lead,  and  copper  produced  since  1862, 
$320,000,000.  Coal  mining  is  making  rapid  pro- 
gress; amount  mined,  1888,  41,467  tons;  1890, 
517,477  tons.  Iron  ores  exist  in  almost  everj' 
county.  Granite,  limestone,  and  sandstone 
are  quarried. 

RAILWAYS.— The  first  railroad -Utah  & 
Northern-  entered  the  Territory.  March,  1880. 
Number  of  miles  completed  in"l880.  106;  1885, 
1,046;  1890,  2,195:  January  1,  1892,  2,394.  State 
has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each  61  square 
miles. 

EDUCATION  —  Pubhc  school  system  es- 
tablished, 1872.  School  age,  4-21.  Number  pu- 
pils in  public  schools,  16,807;  in  private 
schools,  1,422.  Montana  College  at  Deer- 
lodge. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS. --January  1,  Febm- 
ar>'  22,  Arbor  Day,  j\Iay  30,  July  4.  Labor  Day. 
general  election,  and  December  25. 

POLITICAL.— State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  3Ionday  in  November; 
number  of  Senators,  16;  Representatives.  55; 
sessions  annual,  meets  first  Monday  in  Janu- 
ar3';  limit  of  session,  60  days;  term  of  Sena- 
tors. 4  years :  Representatives.  2  years.  Num- 
ber of  electoral  votes,  3:  number  voters.  65,- 
415.  Voters  must  be  citizens,  residents  of 
State  1  year,  of  county,  town,  and  precinct  30 
da5-s;  registration  required.  Indians  and  con- 
victs, unless  pardoned,  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg 
ments,  6  years;  open  accounts,  2  years;  notes, 
6  years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  years. 
Legal  interest  rate,  10;  by  contract,  no  limit. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 

Counties.       Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

Beaverhead,L-5.  4,200 

Cascade,  G-8---.  2,600 

Choteau,  E-IO... 27,280 

Custer,  L-16 26,580 

Dawson,  E-16... 26,680 
Deerlodge,  1-6...  5,085 


Pop. 

1890. 

4,655 
8,75.5 
4,741 
5,308 
2,056 
15,155 


Counties. 


Fergus,  H-12. 
Gallatin,  L-9. 
Jefferson,  J-8 
Lewis  and  Clarke, 

G-7 2,600 

Madison,  M-7 4,250 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

-  6,762 

-  2,295 
1,850 


Pop. 
1890. 

3,514 
6,246 
6,026 

19,145 
4,692 


Land 

Counties.        Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

Meagher,  I-IO...  7,000 

Missoula,  G-3.. -18,550 

Park,  K-10 5,558 

Silverbow,  K-6..      915 

Yellowstone,  J-1 3  3,105 

Total....  145,310 


Pop. 
1890. 

4,749 

14,427 

6,881 

23,744 

2,065 

132,159 


124 


HAND,  McNaLLY  &  CO/S 


KEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


125 


IDAHO.   i'd-^^<^ 

Indian—"  Gem  of  the  mountains." 


HISTORICAL — Country  formed  part  of 
Louisiana  purchase  of  1803.  Coeur  d"Alene 
Mission  established,  1842.  First  permanent 
settlements  in  the  territory  began  with  dis- 
covery of  gold  on  Oro  Fine  Creek,  in  1860. 
Idaho  Territory  organized  in  186.3.  State  Con- 
stitution adopted,  1889.  Admitted  into  the 
Union  July  3,  1890. 

ARK  A,  E  rC.— Total  number  square  miles, 
84,800— land,  84,290;  water,  510.  Length,  north 
and  south,  on  western  border,  485  miles;  on 
Wyoming  border,  130  miles  ;  width,  on 
southern  border,  300  miles;  on  northern,  45 
miles.  Principal  river,  the  Snake.  The  Sal- 
mon, Clearwater,  and  Spokane  are  large 
streams,  but  not  navigable.  Elevation  ranges 
from  680  feet  to  10.000— mean,  about  4,700  feet. 
Estimated  area  of  forest  lands,  10,000,000  acres. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Boise:  Mean 
winter,  28°,  extreme,  — 28°;  summer,  73°,  ex- 
treme, 107°;  average  annual  rainfall,  Boise, 
13.2  inches. 

POPULATION  —  Idaho  ranked  forty- 
fourth  in  population  in  1870,  forty-sixth  in  1880, 
and  forty-fifth  in  1890.  Total  population,  1870, 
14,999;  1880,  32,610;  1890,  ^..385.  Classification: 
Male,  51,290;  female,  ;i3,095;  native,  66.929; 
foreign,  17.456;  white,  82,018;  colored,  2,367- 
Africans,  201;  Chinese,  2,007;  Indians,  159. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES — Boise,  thecapita,!. 
United  States  assay  office  situated  here,  popu- 
lation, 2,311.  Montpelier,  the  second  in  size,  is 
the  outlet  for  the  Bear  Lake  Valley,  popula- 
tion, 1,174;  population  of  Weiser,  901.  Lewis- 
ton,  in  Nez  Perces  County,  is  the  only  port  in 
the  State;  it  is  a  flourishing  town  of  849 inhabit- 
ants. Land  offices  are  located  at  Blackfoot, 
Coeur  d'Alene,  Hailey,  Lewiston.  and  Boi.se. 

AGRICULTURE.— Estimated  area  of  agri- 
cultural lands,  16,000,0C0  acres.  State  giving 
great  attention  to  systematic  irrigation;  agri- 
culture, as  an  industry,  rapidly  advancing  in 
importance.  Number  acres  irrigated  lands, 
1890, 740,3.50.  Agricultural  products  in  bushels: 
Wheat,  3,669,200;  oats,  2,014,800;  barley,  1,150,- 
450; corn,  47,400;  rye,  64,900;  flax  seed,  555,000; 
potatoes.  l,oa5,900. 

HORTICULTURE — Fruits  can  not  be  ex- 
celled in  quality  and  flavoi*.  Boise  and  other 
vallej^s  widely  known  for  their  fine  fruits. 
Number  fruit  trees  growing  in  State,  178,914, 
of  which  101,390  were  apple;  17,36*6  pi-une;  19.- 
110  plum;  16.714  cherry;  14,939  peach;  the  re- 
mainder being  pear,  apricot,  and  nectarine. 


Production  for  1889:  Apples,  2^7,000  bushels; 
pears,  29,850  boxes:  peaches,  34,850  boxes; 
plums  and  prunes,  34,350  boxes;  berries,  76,600 
baskets;  grapes,  78,200  boxes. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Idaho  possesses  great 
advantages  for  stock  growers.  Estimated 
grazing  lands,  20,000.000  acres.  Chmate  and 
grasses  both  favorable  to  the  industry.  Latest 
reports  give  185,497  horses,  value,  §6,492,395; 
sheep,  527,077,  value,  :=sl, 264,985;  oxen  and  other 
cattle,  515,336.  value.  $7,858,905. 

MINERALS — Mining  forms  the  chief  in- 
dustry of  the  State.  Idaho  ranks  fifth  as  a 
producer  of  silver  and  sixth  as  a  producer  of 
gold.  Value  of  gold  min^d,  1890,  $1,850,000; 
of  silver,  §4,783,838.  Total  value  oi  gold  and 
silver  sent  to  mint  and  assay  offices  since  1860, 
S-34,220,049.  State  ranks  second  in  production 
of  lead;  output,  1889,  23,172  tons,  two-thirds 
mined  in  Shoshone  County,  which  comprises 
the  famous  Coeur  d'Aleue  minmg  region. 
Output  of  the  copper  mines,  156,490  pounds. 
Iron  and  coal  exist.  Limestone,  sandstone, 
and  marble  are  quarried. 

RAILWAYS.— Number  of  miles  in  opera- 
tion in  1880,  206;  1885,  794;  1890,  946;  January 
1,  1892,  966.  State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to 
each  87 . 7  square  miles. 

EDUCATION — State  has  a  good  sj'Stem 
of  public  instruction.  School  age,  5-21;  num- 
ber pupils  enrolled  in  public  schools,  14,311;  in 
private  schools,  1,104.  State  University  at 
Moscow. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  Friday  following  the  first  day  of  May, 
May  30,  July  4,  December  ^^5,  and  any  general 
or  special  election  called  by  the  Governor. 

POLITICAL — State  elections,  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  senators,  12;  representatives, 
24;  term,  2  years;  sessions,  biennial  in  odd- 
numbered  years,  meets  first  Monday  in  Jan- 
uary; limit  of  session,  60  days.  Number  of 
electoral  votes,  3;  number  voters,  31,490. 
Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of 
State  6  months  and  of  county  30  days;  regis- 
tration required.  Chinese,  Indians,  Mormons, 
insane,  and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL. —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 6  years;  open  accoimts,  3  j-ears;  notes, 
6  years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  6  months. 
Legal  interest  rate,  10;  by  contract,  18. 


COUNTIES. 


Land      p 
Counties.       Area,       -,gr£;" 
Sq.  Mis.    ^"^• 

Ada,  R-3 2,500       8,368 

Alturas,  S-7 6,700       2,629 

Bear  Lake,U-13    1,100       6,057 
Bingham,  R-12. 10,500      13,575 

Boise,  P-4 4,000       3,342 

Canyon,  P-2 

Cassia,  U-7 4,500       3,143 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Custer,  0-7    ....  3,500 

Elmore,  R-5 3,000 

Idaho,  K-4 11,400 

Kootenai,  C-2...  5,600 

Latah,  H-2 1,080 

Lemhi,  M-8 5,400 

Logan,  S-7 5,800 


Pop 

1890. 

2,176 
1,870 
2,955 
4,108 
9,173 
1,915 
4,169 


Land 

Counties.       Area, 

Sq.  MLs. 

Nez  Perces,  1-3.-  1,610 

Oneida,  U-10...-  2,700 

Owyhee,  T-3....  7,800 

Shoshone,  G-4-.  4,400 

Wash'gton,  N-2.  2,700 

Total 84,290 


Pop. 
1890. 

2,847 
6,816 
2,021 
5,382 
3,836 
84,385 


126 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS 


127 


WYOMING.   ^"'-'"^ 

Indian— Maughwanwame— signifies  "The  large  plains/' 


HISTORICAL.— Name  derived  from  the 
historic  "Wyoming  Valley  of  Pennsylvania. 
Territory  formed  part  of  the  Louisiana  pur- 
chase of  1803  and  Mexican  acquisition  of  lt?48. 
Spanish  adventurers  and  Jesuit  missionaries 
visited  the  country  about  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  centm'y;  pennaneni  occupancy  be- 
gan with  the  visits  of  fur  traders  and  officers 
of  American  army  in  early  part  of  this  cen- 
tury. Fremonfs  explorations  began  in  1842. 
Cheyenne  settled,  1867.  Territorial  organiza- 
tion completed,  1869.  The  State  constitution 
adopted,  No\  ember,  1889.  State  admitted  into 
the  Union,  July  10.  1890. 

ARE  A.— State  has  an  area  of  97,890  square 
miles — 97,575  square  miles  land,  3l5  \vater; 
length,  350 miles;  breadth, 275 miles.  Surface, 
mountainous;  mean  elevation:  6,400 feet:  low- 
est, about  500  feet;  highest,  Fremonfs  Peak, 
13,790  feet.  Principal  rivers:  Green,  Big  Horn, 
Powder,  Yellowstone,  North  Platte,  and  Big 
Chej'enne. 

CL.IMATE — Temperature  at  Fort  Bridger: 
Winter,  19°,  extreme,  — 42°;  summer,  64°,  ex- 
treme, 89";  Cheyenne,  winter.  25°,  extreme, 
—38°;  summer,  67°,  extreme,  100°;  Fort  Wa- 
shakie, winter,  10°,  extreme,  — 54°;  simimer, 
67°,  extreme,  100°.  Average  annual  rainfall: 
Fort  Bridger,  8.7  inches;  Cheyenne,  11.7 
inches;  Fort  Washakie,  11  inches. 

POPULATION.— Wyoming  ranked  forty- 
seventh  in  population  from  1870  to  1890.  Total 
population,  1870,  9.118;  1880,20,789;  1890,  60.705. 
Classification:  Male,  39,343;  female,  21,362; 
native,  45,792;  foreign,  14.913;  white,  59,275; 
colored,  1,430— Africans,  922;  Chinese,  465; 
Indians,  43. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  —  Cheyenne,  the 
capital,  commeicial  center  of  State  and  head- 
quarters ol  the  great  cattie  ranges  of  the  West; 
population.  11,690,  increase,  during  decade, 
8,234,  or  2^38.25  per  cent. ;  Lai'amie  has  impor- 
tant railroad  interests,  is  center  of  supplies 
for  numerous  ranchmen,  lumbermen,  and 
miners,  population,  6,388;  population  Rock 
Sprmgs,  3,406;  Rawlins,  2.235;  Evanst on,  1,995. 

AGRICULTURE — Estimated  area  of  cul- 
tivable land,  12,000,000  to  15.000,000  acres. 
Much  of  the  land  requires  irrigation,  but  Wyo 
ming  surpasses  all  other  states  in  the  number 
of  streams  available  for  irrigation.  Cereals, 
except  Indian  corn,  vegetables,  and  all  fruits 
common  to  temperate  climate,  may  be  grown. 
Agriculture,  as  an  industry,  rapidly  increasing 
in  importance.  Wheat  production,  1889,  73,313 
bushels;    oats,  362,162;    corn,  25.162;    barley, 


11,573.  Principal  crop  is  haj';  annual  value, 
about  Sl,500,000. 

LIVE  STOCK. —  The  live  stock  interest 
forms  the  oldest  and  most  important  industry 
in  the  State.  Cattle  are  the  most  important, 
but  great  progress  has  been  made  in  the  num- 
ber and  qualit3'  of  the  sheep  and  horses.  Num- 
ber oxen  and  other  cattle,  1891, 1,107.062,  value, 
§15,910.696:  horses,  100,090,  $3,422,190;  mules, 
1,382.  S98.040:  sheep,  1,141,492,  $2,808,070; 
milch  cows,  13,395,  $428,&40;  swine,  10,920, 
$66.-392. 

MINERALS — Coal,  the  most  important  of 
the  mineral  interests.  There  are  15  regular 
mines:  output,  1890,  1,870,366  tons,  value, 
$3,183,669.  Carbon  and  Almy  mines  best 
known.  Existence  of  petroleum  known  for 
thirty  years;  deposits  valuable  but  ahnost 
wholly  undeveloped.  Principal  developments 
made  in  Fremont  and  Weston  counties;  50 
open  oil  springs  in  Fremont  County;  14  in  the 
vicinity  of  Lander.  In  1889,  $14,512  of  gold 
mined;  copper  production,  100.000  pounds; 
iron  and  gypsum  exist.  Sandstone  and  lime- 
stone are  quarried;  marble  has  been  discov- 
ered m  Converse  County. 

RAILWAYS. — Number  of  miles  of  raih-oad 
in  operation  in  1867,  82;  1870  and  1875,  459; 
1880,  512;  1885,  616;  1890,  1,002;  Jan.  1,  1892, 
1,052.  State  has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each 
93  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.— State  has  259  teachers  and 
7,052  pupils  in  the  pubUc  schools.  School  age, 
6-21.  Compulsory  education  enforced.  State 
University  located  at  Laramie. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— Januaiy  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  May  30,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  and  De- 
cembei*  25. 

POLITICAL.  — State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber; number  of  Senators,  15;  Representatives, 
32;  sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered  jears; 
meets  first  Monday  in  January;  limit  of  ses- 
sion, 40  days;  tema  of  Senators,  4  >  ears;  Rep- 
resentatives, 2  years;  number  of  electoral 
votes,  3;  number  voters,  27,044.  Voters  must 
be  citizens  or  declared  intention,  residents  of 
State  1  year,  of  precinct  60  days;  registration 
required.  Idiots,  insane,  convicts,  unless  par- 
doned, U.  S.  soldiers,  persons  unable  to  read, 
excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 5  years:  open  accounts,  4;  notes,  5; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  2  jears  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  12;  by  contract,  no  limit. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.  Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Albany,  N-16-...  4,500 
Bighorn,  D-8....  12,260 
Carbon,  N-12....  7,800 
Converse,  H-17..  6.600 
Crook,  D-17 5,2.50 


Pop. 
1890. 

8,865 

6"857 
2,738 
2,;338 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Fremont,  F-7-..-12,000 
Jolinson,  D-12...  4,000 
Laramie,  M-18.--  7,025 
Nation'l  P'rk  Res- 
ervation, B-3 


Pop. 

1890. 

2,463 

2,357 

16,777 


Land 

Counties.       Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

Natrona,  H-12...  5,475 

Sheridan,  B-12  . .  2,775 

Sweetwater,  M-7-10,230 

Umta,  J-3 14,830 

Weston,  E-17.-.-  4,830 
Total 97,575 


Pop. 
1890. 

1,094 
1,972 
4,941 
7,881 
2,422 
60,705 


l28 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


129 


UTAH.       ^'oo'ta^. 
Named  after  a  tribe  of  Indians. 


HISTORICAL.  —  First  explorations 
made  by  Spaniards  who  visited  the  countiy  as 
early  as  154U.  Salt  Lake  visited  by  Capt. 
Bridger  1821-25,  the  first  recorded  discoveiyof 
the  lake.  Territory  visited  bj-  Fremont.  1S43, 
whose  account  led  to  its  settlement.  First 
settlements  made  by  Mormons  mider  Brigham 
Young  at  Salt  Lake  City,  l&ir.  Country  ceded 
to  United  States  by  Mexico,  1848.  In  1849  the 
Mormons  organized  the  State  of  "Deseret,"' 
land  of  the  honey  bee;  September  9,  1850, 
Congress  passed  an  act  creating  the  Territory' 
of  Utah,  ignoring  the  State  of  Deseret. 

AREA,  ETC.  —84,900  square  miles;  land 
surface,  82,190  square  miles;  water,  2,780; 
average  length,  350  mUes:  breadth,  260  miles. 
Elevation  of  valleys,  2.700  to  7,000  feet  above 
the  sea.  Mountains  range  from  12,000  to  13,690 
feet;  mean  elevation,  6,100  feet.  Principal  riv- 
I  ers,  Colorado,  Grand,  and  Green.  Utah  has 
2,.524  artesian  weUs,  used  chiefly  to  irrigate 
orchards,^  gardens,  and  vinej^ards. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Frisco:  Mean 
winter.  30°,  extreme,  0° ;  summer,  73°,  extreme, 
93";  Salt  Lake, winter,  28°,  extreme,  —20° ;  sum- 
mer, 76°,  extreme,  101°.  Average  annual  rain- 
fall: Frisco,  7.6  inches;  Salt  Lake,  16.8  inches. 

POPULATrON — Utah  ranked  thirty-fifth 
in  population  in  1850,  thirty-seventh  in  1860. 
thirty-ninth  in  1870  and  1880,  and  fortieth  in 
1890.  Total  population,  1850,  11, .380:  1860, 
40,273;  1870,  86,786;  1880,  14:3,96.^:  1890,  207,905. 
Classification:  Male,  110.463;  female,  97.442; 
native,  154,841;  foreign,  53,064;  white,  205,899; 
colored,  2,006— Africans,  588;  Chinese,  806; 
Japanese,  4;  Indians,  608. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Salt  Lake  City, 
the  capital  and  metropolis,  population,  44,843, 
increase  in  ten  years  24,075  or  115.92  per  cent.; 
Ogden,  important  railroad,  commercial,  and 
manufacturing  center,  population,  14.889,  in- 
crease, 8,820  or  145.33  per  cent.;  population, 
Pi'ovo,  5,159;  Logan,  4,565. 

AGRICULTURE — Agriculture  and  min- 
ing form  the  chief  industries.  T\lieat  crop, 
2,393,000 bushels;  oats,  1.288,000 bushels;  Indian 
corn,  675,000  bushels;  barley,  660.000  bushels; 
potatoes  of  unusual  size  and  fine  quality  pro- 
duced in  abundance;  a*nnual  yield  over  1,000,- 
000  bushels.  Fruits  are  of"  fine  flavor  and 
abimdant.  In  1889,  180,000  pounds  of  dried 
fruits  were  shipped  north;   Sultana  seedless 


grape,  grown  for  raisins,  averages  3,000  to  5,000 
pounds  of  raisins  per  acre. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Live-stock  interest  chiefly 
in  sheep;  cattle  and  horses  following  in  im- 
portance. Number  farm  animals,  1891 :  Sheep, 
2.0.55.900.  value,  ^4,650.466;  cattle,  402,731, 
$5,679,512;  milch  cows.  54,497,  $1,210,378; 
horses.  67,9.57,  §2.414,946;  mules,  2.028,  $111,369; 
swine.  48,.594,  $416,274.  Wool  chp  about  9,000,- 
000  pounds.  Sheep,  horses,  and  cattle  are  of 
fair  grade  and  constantly  improving. 

MINERALS.  —  Gold,  silver,  lead,  and 
copper  are  the  principal  minerals.  Gold  dis- 
covered 1857,  value  of  production,  1890,  $680,- 
000;  silver  product,  8,000,000  ounces,  value, 
$10,343,434.  Utah  ranks  third  in  silver  and 
lead;  output  of  lead  mines,  16,675  tons;  copper 
production.  1,006.63h  pounds;  salt  production 
increased  from  107,000  ban-els  in  1885  to  4J7,- 
500  barrels  in  1890.  Iron  and  coal  are  mined. 
In  1890,  .500  tons  of  sulphur  were  produced. 
Sandstone,  limestone,  granite  and  slate,  and 
serpentine  are  quarried.  Numerous  marble 
beds  exist,  but  have  not  been  developed. 

RAILWAYS. — Union  Pacific  Railway  com- 
pleted to  Ogden,  March  3,  1869.  Number  of 
miles  in  operation  in  1870,  257;  1875,  515;  1880, 
842;  188,5,  1,138;  1890,  1,205;  January  1,  1892, 
1,.347.  Territory  has  one  mile  of  railway  to 
each  6:^.2^3  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.— One-fourth  the  total  sum 
raised  by  taxation  is  for  public  schools.  School 
age,  6-18;  number  pupils  in  common  schools, 
:36,372;  in  private  schools,  10,794.  University 
of  Deseret.  Salt  Lake  City;  Agricultural  Col- 
lege. Logan. 

LEG.4L  HOLIDAYS. -January  1,  Febru- 
ary 22,  May  30,  July  4,  and  24,  Thanksgiving, 
and  fast  daj-s,  and  December  25. 

POLITICAL.- Territorial  elections  bien- 
nial, fii-st  Monday  in  August.  Number  of 
Senators,  12;  Representatives,  24;  term,  2 
j'ears;  sessions  biennial,  in  odd-numbered 
years,  meeting  second  Monday  in  January; 
limit  of  session,  60  days.  Number  voters, 
54,471.  Voters  must  be  citizens  or  declared 
intention,  residents  of  Territory  6  months,  of 
county  and  precinct  30  days.  Bigamists, 
poiygamists,  and  adulterers  excluded. 

LEGAL — Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 5  years;  open  accounts,  2;  notes,  4; 
redemption  of  taxes,  2  years.  Legal  interest 
rate,  10;  by  contract,  no  limit. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.         Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Beaver,  P-3 2,704 

Boxelder,  C-3 7,016 

■Cache,  C-7 1,090 

Davis,  F-6 290 

Emery,  M-11 5,723 

Garfield,  R-7 1,364 

Grand,  N-13 3,175 

Iron,  R-2 3,436 

Juab,  K-4 3.828 


Pop. 
1890. 

3.;340 
7,642 
15,509 
6,751 
5,076 
2,457 
541 
2,683 
5,582 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Kane,  T-6 4,172 

MiUard.  M-4 6,712 

Morgan,  E-8 725 

Piute.  P-8 3.695 

Rich,  C-8 980 

Salt  Lake,  G-7....    784 
San  Juan,  S-12... 9,1 78 

Sanpete,  L-7 1,784 

Sevier,  N-7 ..1,872 


Pop. 

1890. 

1,685 
4,0:33 
1,780 
2.842 
1,527 

58,457 
365 

13,146 
6,199 


Land 
Covmties.         Ax-ea, 
Sq.  IkUs 

Summit,  F-9 3,062 

Tooele,  H-S 6,240 

Uintah,  J-13 5,^34 

Utah.  1-7. 1,986 

Wasatch.  I-IO.--.  3,444 
Washington,  U-2 .2,446 

Weber.  D-7 650 

Total 82,190 


Pop. 

1890.  : 

7,733 
3,700 
2,762 

23.768 
3,595 
4,009 

22,72:3 
207,905 


130 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


131 


COLORADO. 


Kol-o-rah'  do. 
"Centennial  State." 


Spanish—"  Red  or  Colored. 


HISTOKICAIi — Territory  acqioired  under 
Louisiana  piu-chase  of  180.3,  and  Mexican  ces- 
sion of  1848.  First  explorations  made  by 
Spaniards  under  Coronado.  l.>40.  First  ofl&- 
cial  explorations  under  authority  of  United 
States,  made  by  Major  Pike,  1805.  First  set- 
tlement made  by  trappers  on  present  site  of 
Denver,  1858.  Colorado  Territory  organized, 
1861;  State  admitted  into  the  Union,  1876;  the 
twenty-fifth  State  admitted. 

AREA,  ETC — Total  number  square  miles, 
103,925—103.645  land,  280  water;  length,  east 
and  west,  380miles:  breadth,  280 miles.  Princi- 
pal rivers:  North  and  South  Platte,  Arkansas, 
Snake,  White,  and  Green.  Altitude  ranges 
from  ;^,000  to  over  14.400  feet. 

CLiIMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Denver: 
Mean  winter,  27°,  extreme — 29°;  summer,  72°, 
extreme  105°;  Las  Animas,  winter,  22°,  ex- 
treme —26°;  summer,  76°,  extreme,  105°, 
Montrose,  winter,  23°,  extreme — 20°;  summer. 
72°,  extreme,  98".  Average  annual  rainfall: 
Denver,  14.6  inches:  Las  Animas,  13.5  inches; 
Montrose.  8.9  inches. 

POPULATION.  -Colorado  ranked  thirty- 
eighth  in  1860,  forty-first  m  1870,  thirty-fifth  in 
1880,  and  thirty-first  in  WM).  Total  population 
1860,  34,277;  1870,  39,864;  1880.  194.327;  1890, 
412,198.  Classification:  Male,  ^5,247:  female, 
166,951;  native,  328,208;  foreign,  a3.990;  white. 
404,468;  colored,  7,730 -Africans,  6,215;  Chmese, 
t,398;  Japanese,  10;  Indians,  107. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES.— Denver,  the  cap- 
ital and  chief  city,  population,  106,713.  Pueblo, 
the  second  city  in  size,  population,  24,.5.58 ; 
Colorado  Springs,  one  of  the  most  popular 
health  resorts  in  the  countrj',  population. 
11,140;  Leadville,  center  of  carbonate  region, 
population,  10.384  ;  Trinidad,  center  of  chief 
coal-mining  region,  population,  5,523. 

AGRICULTURE Agriculture,    through 

the  extensive  system  of  irrigation,  is  making 
rapid  advances.  Latest  reports  give  crops: 
Corn,  1,511,907  bushels;  wheat,  2,845,439  bush- 


els; oats,  2,514,480  bushels;  barley,  331.556 
bushels;  rye,  54.158  bushels.  Nimiber  and 
value  of  farm  animals,  2.998,919.  $31,831,331. 

MINERALS — One  of  the  richest  States  in 
the  Union  in  minerals.  State  ranks  second 
in  gold  and  first  in  silver.  Value  of  gold  pro- 
duction, 1890,  8-1,150,000;  silver,  $^,307,070. 
Valuable  beds  of  anthracite  exist.  Total 
output  of  coal  mines,  1889,  2,597.661—53,517 
tons  anthracite;  total  value,  $3,993,768;  of  iron 
mines,  109,136  tons,  value.  8487,433;  copper, 
1.170.053  pounds;  lead,  70.788  tons,  value, 
S2,101.014.  Value  of  stone  output,  1880,  850,400; 
1890,  $1,676,862. 

RAILWAYS.  —  Earliest  railroad  in  the 
State — the  Denver  Pacific — completed,  Denver 
to  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  1870.  Number  of  miles  in 
operation  in  1870,  157;  1875,  607;  1880.  1,570; 
1885,  2.877;  1890,  4.291;    January  1,1892,  4,344. 

EDUCATIO.S — Compulsory  education  a 
law.  School  age.  6-21.  Pupils  enrolled  in 
public  schools,  673.490;  in  private  schools,  7,072. 
Number  colleges,  4. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS — January  1,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  May  30,  July  4,  first  Mondaj'  in 
September,  Thanksgiving,  December  25,  and 
general  election. 

POLITICAL.— State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesday  after  first  Mon- 
day in  November.  Number  of  Senators,  26; 
Representatives,  49;  sessions  biennial,  in  odd- 
numbered  years,  meeting  first  Wednesday  in 
January;  limit  of  session,  ninety  days;  term 
of  Senators,  4  years.  Representatives,  2  years. 
NiuTiber  of  ejectoral  votes,  4;  number  voters, 
164.920.  Voters  must  be  residents  of  State  6 
months,  of  county  90  days,  of  precinct  10 
days;  registration  required.  Convicts,  unless 
restored  to  citizenship,  excluded. 

LEGAL.  —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ment, 6  years;  open  accounts,  6;  notes,  6;  re- 
demption of  tax  sales.  3  years.  Legal  interest 
rate,  8;  by  contract,  no  limit. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  ^Li(K' 

bq.  Mis.'    •^^'*^- 

Arapahoe,  E-16... 5,220    132,135 

Archuleta,  0-7.. -1.100  826 

Baca,  0-19 2,300  1,479 

Bent.  K-18 1,500  1.313 

Boulder,  D-11....    790  14  082 

Chaffee,  1-9 1,1.50  6.612 

Cheyenne,  J-19  ..1,800  534 

Clear  Creek,  F-10    390  7,184 

Conejos,  P-9 1,200  7,193 

Costilla,  O-IO  ..-.1,720  3.491 

Custer.  L-11 720  2,970 

Delta,  1-4 1,150  2,5.^4 

Dolores,  N-2 1,000  1,498 

Douglas,  G-12..-.    &40  3,006 

Eagle,  F-  17 1,600  3,725 

Elbert,  H-17 1 .880  1,856 

El  Paso,  1-13 2,660  21,239 

Fremont,  J-11  ...1,600  9,156 

Gai-field,  F-4 3,250  4,478 


Land  p 

Counties.         Area,  ^^(1' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^**^- 

Gilpin,  E-11 150  5,867 

Grand,  D-9 .2.100  604 

Gunnison,  J-7 3.200  4,359 

Hinsdale,  M-6.-   .1,400  862 

Huerfano,  M-12..  1,600  6,882 

Jefferson,  Gil.--    860  8,450 

Kiowa,  K-19 1.800  1,243 

Kit  Carson,  H-19  2,150  2,472 

Lake,  H-8 450  14,663 

La  Plata,  0-3  ...  1,860  5,509 

Larimer,  B-9 4,100  9,712 

Las  Animas,  0-16  4,700  17,208 

Lincoln ,  H-16  . .  -  -  2, 600  689 

Logan,  A-18 1,^30  3,070 

Mesa,  H-3 3,000  4,260 

Montezuma,  P-2  .2,640  1,529 

Montrose,  K-3----2,300  3,980 

Morgan,  D-15  ....1,290  1.601 

Otero,  L-16 2.050  4,192 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  -.q^' 
Sq.  Mis.    ^^^• 

Ourav.  L-4 450  6,510 

Park,'  H-10 2,100  3,548 

Philhps.  B-19....    570  2,642 

Pitkin.  G-7. 950  8,929 

Prowers,  M-19....  1,650  1,969 

Pueblo,  L-13 2,400  31,491 

Rio  Blanco,  D-4.. 3,600  1,200  i 

Rio  Grande,  N-8. .1,260  3,451  i 

Routt,  B-4 6.000  2,369 

Saguache,  L-8  ...3.240  3,313 

San  Juan.  N-5...    500  1,572 

San  Miguel,  L-5..  1,300  2,909 

Sedgwick,  A-19.-    650  1,293 

Summit,  F-9 690  1,906 

Washington.  C-18  1,080  2,301 

Weld,  B-14.. 4,075  11,736 

Ymna,  C-19 1,180  2,596 

Total.. -.103,645    412,198 


m 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  00.'?^ 


^"EW  f»OCK:ET  ATLA8. 


IBS 


NEW  MEXICO.  ^-^-'^'^^' 

A«tec,  "Mexitli,"'  the  Aztec  god  of  war. 


HlSfORICAli.— First  expedition  by  the 
Spaniards  begun  in  1540;  first  permanent  settle- 
ment made  1598,  in  the  valley  of  the  Chama 
River.  Americans  from  United  States 
fii*st  entered  the  Territoiy  as  traders  about 
ls04.  Country  formed  part  of  territory  ceded 
to  United  States  by  Mexico  in  1S48.  Territory 
organized  September,  1850.  Peonage  abolished 
March  2,  1867. 

AREA,  ETC.— Territory  has  an  area  of 
122,580  square  miles,  of  which  12-2, 460  square 
miles  are  land  and  120  water.  Average 
breadth,  3^35  miles ;  length  of  eastern  boundary, 
345  miles,  of  western  boundary,  390  mUes. 
The  table-lands  have  an  elevation  ranging 
from  4,000  feet  in  the  south  to  6,500  feet  in  the 
north.  Rio  Grande,  the  largest  river,  rises  in 
the  southwest,  at  an  elevation  of  11.900  feet. 

CLCMATE — Temperature  at  Santa  Fe: 
Mean  winter,  28°,  extreme. — 13°;  summer,  68°, 
extreme,  97°.  Fort  Stanton,  winter,  34°, 
extreme,— 18°;  simimer68°,  extreme,95°.  Aver- 
age annual  raiafall:  Santa  Fe,  135  inches  ; 
Fort  Stanton.  1 7.3  inches. 

POPULATION.—  New  Mexico  ranked 
thirty-second  in  population  in  1850.  thirtj-- 
fouith  in  1860,  thirty-seventh  in  1870.  forty- 
first  in  1880,  and  fortv-third  in  1890. 
Total  population,  1850,  61,547 ;  1860,  93.516 ; 
1870,  91.874;  1880,  Il9,5b5  ;  1890,  153,593. 
Classification:  Male,  83.055;  female,  70,538: 
native,  143,334  ;  foreign,  11,259 ;  white 
142,719  :  colored,  10,874— Africans.  1,956  ;  Chi- 
nese, 361  :  Japanese,  3  ;  Indians,  8.554. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES.— Santa  Fe,  the 
largest  town  ;  one  of  the  oldest  cities  in  the 
United  States;  capital  of  New  Mexico  since 
1640;  population,  6.185.  Albuquerque,  the 
second  in  size,  is  the  seat  of  the  university  ; 
population,  3,785.  Las  Vegas,  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal trade  centers.  Silver  City  and  Socorro, 
prominent  as  mining  centers. 

AGRICULTURE — Area  largely  consists 
of  vast,  vmdulating  plains,  having  a  soil  of 
remarkable  fertility,  where  irrigation  is  pos- 
sible. Estimated  area  of  irrigable  agricultural 
and  grazing  lauds,  39.289.722  square  miles. 
Latest  reports  of  agricul'tural  products:  Corn. 
1,051,000  bushels  :  wheat,  1,073.000  bushels ; 
oats,  359,000  :  barley,  35,024  ;  potatoes,  138,497; 
hay,  27,961  tons. 

LIVE  STOCK.— Grazing  interest  extensive 
and  valuable.    Cattle  and  sheep  comprise  the 


principal  live  stock  interest  in  the  Territory. 
Number  and  value  of  animals.  1&91:  Cattle, 
1,288,182,  $14,179,659 ;  sheep,  2.967.480,  $4,556,- 
566;  horses,  93,000.  §2,704,905:  cows,  18.77.5, 
$375,500  ;  swine.  24.852,  §146,628.  Wool  cUp  of 
1890,  4,000,000  pounds. 

MINERALS. — Territory  rich  in  mineral 
wealth.  Value  of  gold  mined  in  1890.  §850.000; 
silver,  §1.680.808.  Lead  is  found  in  aU  parts  of 
the  Territorj-,  4,764  tons  mined  in  1889.  New 
Mexico  ranks  fourth  as  a  producer  of  copper, 
output  of  mines  1889,  3,686,137  pounds.  Iron 
ore  abundant,  deposits  near  the  coal-fields.ores 
contain  from  35  to  50  per  cent,  of  iron.  Coal  de- 
posits widelj'  distributed:  product  1889, 486.943, 
value,  §872,628.  Zinc,  salt,  and  petroleum  are 
produced.  Sandstone  of  various  colors  and 
fine  quahty  is  quarried ;  ricohte,  a  stone 
resembling  Mexican  onj'x  (used  in  interior 
decorations),  is  quarried  in  Grant  County. 

RAILWAYS.— First  railroad  constructed 
in  the  Territory — Atchison.  Topeka  &  Santa 
Fe— 1879  ;  178  miles  built  that  vear.  Number 
of  miles  in  operation,  lh80.  64:3:  1885,  1,194; 
1890,  1.388;  January  1,  1892.  1.40''.  Territory 
has  one  mile  of  railway  to  each  87.24  square 
miles. 

EDUCATION — Present  system  of  public 
schools  established  1884.  School  age,  5-20. 
Number  pupils  in  pubhc  schools,  18,215  :  in 
private  schools,  4,664.  University  of  New 
Mexico,  Santa  Fe. 

CIVIL  "WAR.  —  New  Mexico  furnished 
6.561  men :  number  deaths,  360.  Nvunber  pen- 
sioners in  Territorv,  1891,  450. 

POLITICAL. -1  Territorial  elections  bien- 
nial, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November. 
Number  of  Senators,  12:  Representatives, 
24;  term,  2  years  ;  sessions  biennial,  in  even- 
numbered  years;  meets  last  Monday  in  Decem- 
ber, limit  of  session,  60  days.  Number  of 
voters,  44,951.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens, 
residents  of  Territory  6  months,  of  coimty  3 
months,  precinct  30  days.  Pueblo  Indians 
and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  July 
4,  all  days  for  fasting  or  thanksgiving,  and 
December  25.  Notes  due  on  holidays  are 
payable  on  the  following  business  daJ^ 

LEGAL — Statutes  of  hmitation  :  Judg- 
ments, 15  years:  open  accounts.  4 years:  notes, 
6  years;  redemption  of  tax  sales,  3  years. 
Legal  interest  rate,  6  ;  by  contract,  12. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Counties.       Ai'ea, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Bernalillo,  1-5 8,628 

Chaves,  N-12 

Colfax,  E-12 6,600 

Dona  Ana,  R-6-- -8,993 

Eddy,  R-13 

Grant,  R-2. 9,300 


Pop. 
1890. 

20,913 

7,974 
9,191 

9,657 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Guadalupe,  K-13- 
Lincohi.  0-1 1.. -26,452 

Mora.  G-ll 4,000 

Rio  Arriba.  F-6  ..7,1.50 
San  Juan.  F-3  -..6.008 
SanMiguel.  1-11.13,246 


Pop. 
1890. 

Counties. 

T^nd 

Area, 

Sq.  Mis 

Pop. 
1890. 

Santa  Fe',  1-8- . 

...2,292 

13.562 

7.081 

Sierra,  0-4 

.-.3,116 

3.630 

10,618 

Socorro.  M-4.. 

--15,476 

9.595 

11,534 

Taos,  F-8.... 

-.2.300 

9,868 

1,890 

Valencia.  K-5. 

...8.900 

13.876 

24, .04 

Total--. 

.122.460 

153,593 

134 


HAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


135 


ARIZONA.    Ar-o-. 

Supposed,  to  be  Aztec  "Arizuma,"''  Kocky  Country. 


HISTORICAL..— Country  first  visited  by 
Spanish  explorers.  1526.  Spaniards  established 
a  fort  on  site  of  Tucson,  1580.  Missions  estab- 
lished by  Jesuits  in  early  part  of  seventeenth 
century.  Countiy  visited  by  American  trai> 
pers,  18:^,  and  traversed  by  Greneral  Fremont, 
1849.  Yuma,  then  Arizona  City,  laid  out,  1854. 
Country  set  off  from  New  3Iexico  and  made  a 
Territory,  1803.  Capital  estabhshed  at  Prescott, 
1864;  removed  to  Tucson,  1867;  reestablished 
at  Prescott,  1877;  removed  to  Phoenix,  1889. 

AKEi»_,  ETC.  —Territory  has  113,020  square 
miles — 112,920  square  miles  land  and  100  square 
miles  water.  Extreme  length.  375  miles; 
breadth,  340  miles.  Entire  countrj'  chained  by 

I  the  Colorado  River  and  its  tributaries.    Two- 

i  fifths  of  the  area  constitutes  an  elevated  pla- 
teau, ranginff  in  height  from  3,000  to  8,000  feet. 
In  the  northwest  is  the  celebrated  "Grand 
Caiion  of  the  Colorado,''  formed  by  the  pass- 
age of  the  Colorado  River.  Greatest  elevatioii 
in   the   State,    San   Francisco   Cone,  height. 

!  nearly  12,000  feet. 

CL-IiMATE.— Temperature  at  Fort  Grant: 

I  Mean  winter,  43°,  extreme,  7°;  siuumer,  78°, 
extreme,  102°;  Prescott,  winter,  32°.  extreme, 
—18°;  summer.  73°,  extreme,  103°;  Yuma, 
winter,  54°,  extreme,  22°;  summer,  92°,  ex- 
treme, 118°.  Average  annual  rainfall:  Fort 
Grant,  16.5  inches;  Prescott,  16.4  inches; 
Yuma,  3.1  inches. 
POPULATION.- Arizona   ranked    forty- 

[  sixth  in  population  in  1870,  forty-fourth  in 
1880,  and  forty-eighth  in  1890.  Total  popula- 
tion,1870,9,6.58;  1880,40,440;  1890,59,620.  Classi- 
fication: 3Iale,  36,.571 ;  female,  23,049;  native, 
40,825;  foreign,  18,795;  white.  i3.5,.580;  colored, 
4,040  —  Africans,  1,357;  Chinese,  1,170;  Japa- 
ne.se,  1;  Indians,  1.512. 

PRINCIPAL,  tJITIES.— Tucson,  settled 
in  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century,  the 
largest  town,  populatiun,  5,150;  Phoenix,  the 
capital,  center  of  trade  for  important  agricult- 
ural and  mining  districts,  population,  3,152, 
an  increase  of  84.54  per  cent,  during  past  dec- 
ade;   Tombstone,  an  important   mining  and 

I  stock-raising  center,  population.  1,875;  Yuma, 

I  population,  1,773;  Presc,ott.  1,759. 

AGRICULTURE,  ETC.  —  Central  and 
Southeastern  Arizona  have  many  fertile  and 
productive  valleys.  Latest  reports  give  cereal 
products:  Wheat,  395,000  bushels:  barley,  252,- 
992  bushels;  Indian  corn,  82, .535  bushels;  oats, 
33,996  bushels.     Fruit  culture  an  important 

;  and  growing  industiy.  Soil  and  climate  both 
adapted  to  the  production  of  semi-tropic  fruits 
and  nuts.     Fruits  of  Southern  Arizona  ripen 


two  to  three  weeks  earlier  than  those  of  Cali- 
fornia, enabhng  the  producer  to  market  his 
crop  without  competition.  State  has  87  acres 
under  almond  trees  and  570  under  oranges. 
Fruit  production,  1889,  30,000,UU0  pounds— 
5,700,000  grapes. 

LIVE  STOCK — The  productive  valleys  of 
Arizona  abound  in  rich  grasses,  the  Territory 
ranking  high  in  stock- raising.  Latest  returns 
give  number  and  value  of  animals:  Horses, 
51,658,  S2,066..320;  mules,  1..3.36,  S~4,816;  milch 
cows,  17,797,  §444,925;  cattle.  761,2.t4,  §11,418,- 
810;  sheep,  611,452,  $1,406,340;  swine,  20,140, 
§108,7.56. 

MINERALS. — Arizona  is  rich  in  mineral 
wealth.  Mining,  one  of  the  oldest  industries 
in  the  State,  successfull}-  conducted  by  Jesuits 
as  early  as  1736.  Value  of  gold  mined,  1890, 
81.000,000;  silver,  §1,292,929.  Total  amount 
gold  and  silver  deposited  at  mints  and  assay 
oflices  since  organization,  §19,07.5.493— $5,227, - 
568  goLl,  $13,H47.924  silver.  Arizona  ranks 
third  as  a  producer  of  copijer;  ores  are  rich 
and  easily  reduced;  total  expenditures  for 
producing  the  31.362,685  pounds  of  1889,  $1,146,- 
819.  Value  of  lead  mined  in  1889,  §98,747. 
Sandstone  and  limestone  exist. 

RAILWAYS — Southern  Pacific  Railroad 
of  Arizona  chartered  1878,  completed,  Yuma 
to  Casa  Grande,  1879.  Number  miles  in  opera- 
tion, 1880,  349;  1885,  C05;  1890,  1.094:  January 
1,  1892,  1,095.  Territory  has  one  mile  of  rad- 
way  to  each  103.72  square  miles. 

EDUCAT10>.— Present  school  system  es- 
tablished, 1868.  School  age.  6-18.  Number 
pupils  enrolled  in  public  schoos,  7,828;  in  pri- 
vate .schools,  880;  annual  income,  §201,288. 
Normal  school  at  Tempe ;  University  of  Ari- 
zona at  Tucson. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— January  1,  Febru- 
arj'  22,  3Iay  30,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  Decem- 
ber 25,  Territorial  or  special  election  called 
bj'  the  Governor. 

POLITICAL — Ten-itorial  elections  bien- 
nial, Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November.  ' 
Number  of  Senators,  12:  Representatives,  24; 
term,  2  years;  sessions  biennial,  in  odd-num- 
bered years,  meeting  second  Monday  in  Feb- 
ruary; limit,  60  da5's;  number  voters,  23.696. 
Voters  must  be  actual  citizens,  residents  of 
Territory  6  months,  of  county,  town,  and  pre- 
cinct 10  days.  Idiots,  insane,  and  convicts  ex- 
cluded. ' 

LEGAL. —  Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ment?, 5  years;  open  accounts,  2;  notes,  3; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  1  year;  legal  interest 
rate,  7;  by  contract,  no  hmit. 


COUNTIES. 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
,.-21,060 
.-  6,004 


Counties. 

Apache,  G-13 
Cochise,  R-13 

Coconino,  F-7 

Gila,M-ll 3,212       2,021 


Pop. 

1890. 

4,281 
6,9:38 


Counties. 

Graham,  0-13. 
Maricopa,  N-6 
Mohave,  G-3.. 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
.-  6,152 
,.  9,892 
.11,332 


Pop. 

1890. 

5,670 

10.986 

1,444 


Pima,  R-8 10,596      12,673 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Pinal,  P-9 5,300 

Yavapai,  J-0 29,236 

Yuma,  N-2 10,136 

Total.  ...112,920 


Pop. 

1890. 

4.251 

8.685 

2;671 

59,620 


136 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


137 


id      izi      o       o«       a      OS       02 


138 


RAND.  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


CALIFORNIA. 


Kal-e-for'ne-ah. 
"Golden  State." 


Supposed  to  be  Arabic  "Khalafa,"  to  succeed. 


HISTORICA  L — Earliest  explorations 
made  by  Spanish  navigators,  1542.  First  per- 
manent settlement  made  by  Franciscan  friars 
at  San  Diego,  April  11,  1769.  Spanish  rule 
lasted  until  declaration  of  Mexican  independ- 
ence, 1822.  Country  ruled  by  Mexico,  1822  to 
1846.  Pioneers  from  United  States  began  en- 
tering the  country,  1825.  Fremont  exploring 
expedition  entered  in  1844.  United  States 
military  rule  established,  July,  1846,  continued 
to  December,  1849.  State  constitution  ratified, 
November,  1849.  State  admitted  into  the 
Union,  September  9,  1850.  Eighteenth  to  enter 
after  formation  of  government. 

AREA,  ETC.— California,  the  second  State 
in  size.  Total  area,  158,360  square  miles ;  land, 
155,980  square  miles ;  water,  2,380  square  miles ; 
extreme  length,  770  miles;  extreme  breadth, 
330  miles.  Length  of  coast  line,  850  miles. 
San  Francisco  Bay,  finest  harbor  on  Pacific 
Coast.  Greatest  elevation.  Mount  Whitnej^ 
14,800  feet. 

CLIMATE. —  Temperature  at  Red  Bluff: 
Mean  winter,  46°,  extreme,  18"^;  summer,  82°, 
extreme,  112°;  Sacramento,  winter,  46°,  ex- 
treme, 19°;  summer,  72°,  extreme,  108°;  San 
Diego,  winter,  54°,  extreme,  32°;  summer,  67°, 
extreme,  101°.  Avei-age  annual  rainfall:  Red 
Bluff,  25.7  inches;  Sacramento,  21.9  inches; 
San  Diego,  11.2  inches. 

POPULATION.— Cahfornia  ranked  twen- 
ty-ninth in  population  in  1850,  twenty-sixth  in 
1860,  twenty-fourth  in  1870  and  1880,  and  twen- 
ty-second in  1890.  Total  population,  1850, 
92,.597;  1860,379,994;  1870,560,247;  1880,864,694; 
1890,  1,208,130.  Classification:  Male.  700,0.59; 
female,  508,071:  native,  841,821;  foreign,  366.- 
309;  white,  1,111,672;  colored,  96,458— Africans, 
11,322;  Chinese,  72,472;  Japanese,  1,147;  In- 
dians, 11, .517. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. —  San  Francisco, 
the  metropolis,  one  of  the  leading  ports  in  the 
United  States,  population,  298,997;  Los  Ange- 
les, the  second  city  in  size,  center  of  the  fruit 
and  wine  tratle  of  Southern  California,  popu- 
lation, 50.395.  Oakland,  an  important  railroad 
center,  opposite  San  Francisco,  has  48,682  in- 
habitants; Sacramento,  the  capital,  popula- 
tion, 26,386;  San  Jose,  center  of  an  important 
agricultural  and  horticultural  district,  popu- 
lation. 18,060. 

URBAN  POPULATION In  1890,  twen- 
ty-five cities  and  towns  had  a  population  of 
over  3.000.  Greatest  numerical  increase  dur- 
ing decade  shown  in  San  Francisco— 65,038  or 
27.80  per  cent.  Increase  of  Los  Angeles,  39,- 
212.  or  350.64  per  cent.;  Oakland,  14,127,  or 
40.88  per  cent.  Percentages  of  inci'ease  great- 
est in  Pasadena,  Fresno,  San  Diego,  Santa 
Ana,  Los  Angeles,  and  San  Bernardino. 

AGRICULTURE.— All  products  of  tem- 
perate and  semi-tropic  climates  produced  in 
abundance.  Production  of  cereals  one  of  the 
chief  industries  of  the  State;  wheat  culture 
most  important;  barley  product  of  California 
equals  one-fourth  of  total  production  of 
United  States.    Latest  reported  productions: 


Wheat,  36,595,000  bushels;  barley,  17,548,380 
bushels;  corn,  5,571,000 bushels;  oats,  2,416,000 
bushels;  rye,  243.871  bushels;  hay,  79,362 tons, 
value,  $434,933.  State  ranks  third  as  a  pro- 
ducer of  hops;  in  avei'age  yield  per  acre 
ranks  first;  production,  1890,  6,547,338  pounds, 
average  yield,  1,048  povmds. 

HORTICULTURE State  has  12,662,640 

fruit  trees,  exclusive  of  nuts,  berries,  and 
citrus  fruits.  In  the  extent  cultivated,  peach 
and  apricot  lead,  while  the  pear  is  one  of  the 
most  profitable  fruits  grown;  prune  growing 
an  important  branch  of  fruit  culture.  Santa 
Clara  County,  center  of  industry,  produced 
15,000,000  pounds  in  1889.  California  has  78,- 
616  acres  under  semi-tropic  fruits  and  nuts, 
38,367  acres  oranges.  Total  number  bearing 
trees,  2,652,021— orange,  1,153,881.  Products 
and  values,  1889:  Oranges,  1,245,047  boxes, 
value,  $2,271,616;  lemons,  305,598,  $537,852; 
almonds,  15  251,098  pounds,  $1,525,109;  figs. 
11,190  816,  $298,421:  Madeira  nuts,  13,802,400, 
$1,242,216;  ohves,  9,6.59,208  pounds,  $386,368. 
Olive  culture  a  successful  industiy.  Olive 
plantations  contain  607,377  trees — 278,380  bear- 
ing. Olive  oil  and  pickled  olives  of  California 
are  of  excellent  quality. 

VITICULTURE. -A  great  and  growing 
industry,  California  leading  all  other  States. 
Grapes  are  produced  in  nearly  all  the  54  coun- 
ties in  the  State.  State  has  155,272  acres 
imder  bearing  vines  and  45,272  acres  under 
new  vineyards.  Products,  1889:  Grapes,  sold 
for  table  use,  77,570,000  pounds;  wine  made, 
14,626,000  gallons;  raisins  produced,  1,372,195 
boxes.  Estimated  wine  product,  1890,  16,.50O,- 
000  gallons;  raisins,  2,197,463  boxes.  Largest 
vineyard  in  the  world  at  Tehama,  area,  3,800 
acres. 

LIVE  STOCK,  ETC — Climate  well  adapt- 
ed to  the  rearing  of  farm  animals.  State  being 
chiefly  noted  for  its  sheep  Number  and  value 
of  farm  animals,  1891 :  Horses,  415,059,  $26,- 
010,045;  mules,  54,574,  $4,077,548;  milch  cows, 
290,521,  $7,829,541;  cattle,  602,904,  $10,481,663; 
sheep,  4,083,541,  $9,884,211;  swine,  512,424, 
$2,741,675.  Woolchp,  1890,  34,854,000  pounds; 
shipments,  29,000,000,  value,  $6,500,000.  Re- 
ceipts of  California  butter  at  San  Francisco, 
11,078,200  pounds;  cheese,  4,272,000  pounds; 
eggs,  2,665,933  dozen.  Honey  an  important 
product;  number  beehives,  55,043,  value,  $65,- 
244;  products,  2.000,000  pounds  strained  honey, 
200,000  pounds   comb   honey,   30,000   pounds 

MINERALS — One  of  the  richest  mineral 
regions  in  the  world.  Gold  mines  the  most 
important,  first  discovered,  1B48;  value  of 
production  up  to  close  of  1890,  $756,342,126. 
California  ranks  first  among  gold-producing 
states;  value  of  product,  1889,  $12  586,720; 
silver  product,  1,062,578  ounces,  value,  $1,373,- 
807.  State  produces  more  than  one-fourth  the 
world's  supply  of  quicksilver;  production, 
1889,  26,000  flasks,  value,  $1,190,000.  Of  the 
9,500.000  pounds  of  borax  produced  in  United 
States  Cahfornia  supplied  70  per  cent.    Coal 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


139 


mined  chiefly  in  Amador  and  Contra  Costa 
counties;  output,  121,8:^0  tons,  value,  $288,232; 
petroleum  fields  lie  in  Southern  counties,  pro- 
duction. ;303,2:>0  barrels,  value,  $358,048.  Cop- 
per, asphaltum,  and  antimony  are  produced. 
In  the  production  of  granite,  State  advanced 
from  ninth  place  in  1880  to  third  in  1890,  value 
of  output,  1889,  SI, 329,018;  sandstone,  §175,598; 
limestone,  $516,780;  marble,  $87,030;  slate, 
$18,000. 

Li  13  MBER."^^  Lumber  industry  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  important  in  the  State,  being 
one  of  its  greatest  sources  of  wealth;  most 
valuable  timber  region,  redwood  belt  of  Coast 
range.  Industry  dates  to  1838;  first  sawmill 
erected  on  Bodega  Bay,  1843.  Estimated  area 
of  timber  regions,  11,000,000  acres.  Amount 
of  redwood,  fir,  and  pine  cut  annually,  500,000,- 
000  feet.  Lumber  received  from  all  points  at 
San  Francisco,  1889,  463.153,193  feet— 301,894,- 
864  feet  pine,  161,258.329  feet  redwood. 

FISHERIES.— CaUfornia  leads  in  Pacific 
Coast  fisheries.  >  Capital  invested,  $2,684,210; 
number  employed,  5,338;  vessels,  1:^4;  boats. 
4,101;  value  of  all  products,  $4,463,369:  fish. 
$1,091,398;  whale  and  seal  products,  $2.490.;373; 
all  others,  $881. .598.  ^^^lale  fishery  becoaiing 
a  prominent  industry.  State  has  8  salmon 
canneries;  number  cases  packed,  1889,  74,822, 
value,  $464,232. 

MANUFACTURES State  has  20  estab- 
lishments engaged  in  textile  industries— 10 
wool,  1  cotton,  9  silk.  Capital  invested  in 
woolen  manufactures,  $2,661,480;  number  em- 
ployes, 1,375;  wages  paid,  $328,824;  cost  of 
materials  used,  $822,961;  value  of  products, 
$1,421,903.  Silk  industry:  Capital,  $112,283; 
employes,  214;  materials  u.sed,  $144,672:  prod- 
ucts, $271,912.  Manufactures  chiefly  center 
at  San  Francisco.  City  reports  201  industries; 
3,965  establishments:  capital  invested,  $65,- 
612,049;  employes,  46.a50;  wages,  $29,860,057; 
cost  of  materials,  $77,188,061;  products,  $131,- 
263,713. 

CIVIL.  "WAR. — Calif ornia  furnished  a  total 


of  15,725  men.  Aggregate  number  of  deaths. 
573.  Number  pensioners  on  the  rolls,  1891, 
8.004. 

RAILTVAYS — First  railway  in  State,  Sac- 
ramento Valley,  incorporated,  1852;  eight 
miles  completed,  1S55;  road  opened  for  busi- 
ness—Sacramento to  Folsom.  23  miles— 1856. 
Number  of  miles  in  185.5,  8:  1860.  23;  1865,  214: 
1870,  925:  1875.  1,503;  1880.  2,195:  1885,  3,045; 
1890,  4,336;  January  1,  1892,  4,484.  State  has 
one  mile  of  railway  to  each  30.85  square  miles. 

EDUCATION — State  has  a  good  system 
of  public  schools.  Number  pupils  enx'oUed  in 
pubUc  schools,  221,756:  expenditures,  $5,119.- 
097;  more  per  capita  than  any  other  State. 
School  age,  5-17.  Number  of  pupils  in  private 
schools,  24,843.  State  has  13  colleges.  State 
University,  Berkeley,  chartered,  1868.  Lick 
Obsei-A'atory  on  Moimt  Hamilton,  transferred 
to  Universitv.  1888. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.- January  1.  Febru- 
ary 22,  May  30,  July  4,  September  9,  Thanks- 
giving, December  25,  State  or  general  election. 
When  any  holiday  falls  on  Sundaj',  the  Mon- 
day following  is  a  holiday. 

POSTAL — Total  number  postoffices,  1,403; 
number  presidential  offices,  91 — 5  first-class: 
14  second-class:  72  third-^lass;  number  fomth- 
class  oflices,  1,312;  money  order,  307. 

POLITICAL.— State,  congressional,  and 
presidential  elections,  Tuesclay  after  first 
Monday  in  November.  Number  of  Senators, 
40;  Representatives,  80;  sessions  biennial,  in 
odd-numbered  years,  meeting  first  3Iouda.y  in 
January;  limit  of  session,  tK)  da j^s;  term  of 
Senators,  4  years;  Representatives,  2  years. 
Number  of  electoi-al  votes,  9;  number 
voters,  462,289.  Voters  must  be  actual  citizens, 
residents  of  State  1  year,  of  county  90  days, 
of  precinct  30  days;  registration'  required. 
Idiots.  Chinese,  and  convicts  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments, 5  years:  open  accounts,  2:  notes,  4; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  1  year.  Legal  inter- 
est rate,  7;  by  contract,  no  limit. 


COUNTIES. 


Land  p 

Counties.          Area,  f^' 
Sq.  Mis.  ^^^• 

Alameda,  F-12..    704  93,864 

Alpine,  1-7 755  667 

Amador,  1-6 568     •  10,320 

Butte,  F-4 1,720  17,939 

Calaveras,  J-6..-    980  8,882 

Colusa,  G-3, 2,450  14,640 

ContraCosta,D-ll  810  13,515 

Del  Norte,  C-2. .  .1,500  2,592 

El  Dorado,   H-6. 1,790  9,232 

Fresno,   L-7 8,010  32,026 

Glenn,  G-3 

Humboldt,  E-1.. 3,570  23,469 

Inyo,    M-10 10,020  3,544 

Kern,   0-8 7,971  9,808 

Lake,  H-3 1,125  7,101 

Lassen,   E-6 4,890  4,2.39 

Los  Angeles,Q-9- 4,000  101,454 

Marin,    C-8 590  13,072 

Mariposa,  K-7-.. 1,570  3,787 

Mendocino,  G-2. 3.694  17,612 

Merced ,  K-6 2, 270  8, 085 


Land  p 

Coimties.       Area,  t^^^;' 
Sq.  Mis.   ^^*^- 

Modoc,  C-5 .4,198  4,986 

Mono,  J-8 3,384  2,002 

Monterey,   N-5-. 3,452  18,637 

Napa,  A-10 850  16,411 

Nevada,   G-6....  1.000  17,369 

Orange,  R-10...-    740  13,589 

Placer,    H-5  ....1,492  1.5,101 

Plumas,  F-5 2,720  4,93:3 

Sacramento, 

B-14 1,010  40,339 

San  Benito,  M-5.1,000  6,412 
San  Bernardino, 

P-12 .21,000  25,497 

San  Diego,  S-12. 14,548  34,987 
San  Francisco, 

K-3 50  298,997 

San  Joaquin, 

D-14          1,380  28,629 

San  Luis  Obispo, 

0-6 3,404  16,072 


Land  p 

Counties.        Area,  fj^S" 

Sq.Mls.  ^^•^• 

San  Mateo,  H-10.    460  10,087 
Santa  Barbara, 

P-6 .2,380  15,754 

Santa  Clara,I-13. 1,380  48,005 

Santa  Cruz.  J-11    425  19.270 

Shasta,    D-4 3,960  12,133 

Sierra,  G-6 900  5,051 

Siskiyou.  C-3.-.. 5,680  12.163 

Solano,    B-12..-.    960  20,946 

Sonoma,  1-2....  1,548  32,721 

Stanislaus.  K-5..  1,486  10,040 

Sutter,  H-4 590  5,469 

Tehama,  F-3.... 2,988  9.916 

Trinity,  E-2 3,000  3,719 

Tulare,  M-8 5.592  24,574 

Tuolumne,  J-6.. 2,048  6,082 

Ventura,  Q-S....  1,682  10,071 

Yolo,  H-4 972  12,684 

Yuba,  G-5 714  9,636 

Total.---155,980  l,208,lg0 


140 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


141 


NEVADA. 


Ne-vah'dali. 
'•Silver  State.* » 


Spanish— White  with  Snow. 


HISTORICAL, — Previous  to  Mexican  War 
formed  an  uninhabited  portion  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  CaUf ornia.  Territory'  ceded  to  United 
States,  February  2,  1848.  First  explora- 
tions conducted  in  183.3.  First  attempted  stt- 
tlemeuts,  1840;  first  pernuinent  settlement 
made  at  Genoa,  in  Carson  Vallej',  18.50.  Prior 
to  1859  inhabitants  chiefly  Mormons;  discov- 
ery of  Comstock  silver  mines  in  that  year  in- 
duced a  great  inimigratio;i.  Nevada  Terri- 
tory organized,  March,  18G1.  State  admitted 
into  the  Union,  October  31,  1864. 

AREA,  ETC.— 110,700  square  miles:  land 
surface,  109, 710  square  miles;  water,  960 square 
miles;  extreme  length,  485  miles;  length  of 
western  boundary,  210  miles;  extreme  breadth. 
.310  miles.  Principal  rivers,  Humboldt, Truckee, 
Carson,  and  Walker.  Along  the  various 
streams  extend  rich,  fertile  valleys  and  manj' 
natural  meadows.  Greatest  elevation,  ^\Tieeler 
Peak,  13,036  feet;  lowest,  945  feet.  Lake 
Tahoe,  one  of  largest  lakes  in  the  West— 22 
miles  long,  12  miles  wide— hes  6,208  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  Winnemuc- 
ca:  Mean  winter,  2f<°,  extreme,  —28";  summer, 
72°,  extreme,  104°;  average  annual  ralnfaU, 
8.6  inches. 

POPULATION.  — Nevada  ranked  forty- 
first  in  population  in  1860,  fortieth  in  1870, 
forty-third  in  1880,  and  forty-ninth  in  189u. 
Total  population,  1860,  6,a57;  1870,  42.491 ;  1880, 
62,266;  1890,  45,761.  Classification:  Male.  29.- 
214;  female.  16,.547;  native.  31.055;  foreign,  14  - 
706;  white,  39,084;  colored,  6,677— Africans, 
242:  Chinese,  2,8^ii:  Japanese,  3;  Indians, 
3  599. 

'  PRINCIPAL  CITIES Virginia  City,  the 

commercial  metrop.Iis,  population.  8.511 :  Car- 
son City,  the  capital,  population,  3  9.50:  Eure- 
ka, Austin,  Tuscarora,  and  Winnemucca  are 
the  only  interior  towns  of  anv  prominence. 

AGRICULTURE  —  Where  irrigation  is 
practicable,  valleys  and  natural  meadows 
highly  productive.  Nearly  all  cereals;  hay, 
and  vegetables  are  grown.  All  fruits  of  tem- 
perate climate,  of  fine  quality,  produced 
abundantly.  Irrigated  crop  areas  exceed 
those  of  any  other  State.  Irrigated  area,  un- 
der crops,  1890,  224.403  ^cres.  Out  of  a  total 
of  1,341  farms,  1,167  contain  irrigated  crop 
areas.  Crops  chiefly  forage:  agriculture  large- 
ly an  adjunct  to  stock-raising.  Latest  reports 
give  cereal  products:  Wheat.  32:^.801  bushels: 
barley,  237,192  bushels;  oats,  99,126  bushels. 


LIVE  STOCK.— One  of  the  most  profita- 
ble and,  next  to  mining,  the  leading  industry 
of  the  State.  B.  ef  and  mutton  produced  are 
of  exceptional  quality.  Sui^erior  climate  of 
Nevada  renders  it  the  equal  of  Kentucky  as  a 
natural  home  for  rearing  fine  horses  and  cat- 
tle. Live  stock,  1891:  Horses,  57,757,  value, 
$2,471,975;  milch  cows.  14,903,  ^09,833;  cattle, 
317,498,  ^,689,446:  sheep.  504.710,  $1,256,223; 
swme,  12.626,  S86,107. 

MINERALS.— From  1871  to  1879  Nevada 
occupied  the  leading  place  in  production  of 
the  precious  metals  State  now  occupies 
third  place.  Output,  1889:  $3,506,295  gold; 
silver,  4,696,605  ounces,  value,  $6,072,241. 
Comstock  lode  discovered,  1859;  aggregate 
gold  and  silver  yield  to  1889,  $342,966,668.  Lead, 
copper,  and  manganese  are  produced.  Salt, 
soda,  and  borax  are  fotmd  in  inexhaustible 
quantities.  Granite  and  sandstone  quarried 
in  small  quantities. 

CIVIL  AVAR.  -  State  furnished  1,080  men  ; 
number  deaths,  33.  Number  x>ensioners  on 
the  rolls,  166. 

RAILWAYS.  —  Fu^t  engine  of  Central 
Pacific  entered  State,  December.  1867:  track 
completed  to  Reno,  ]\Iay,  1868.  Total  nmnber 
miles  railwav  operated  in  State,  1867,  -SO; 
1870,  ,593;  1875,  650;  1880,  739;  1885,  fM8;  1890, 
9-2;J;  January  1,  1892,  965,  or  one  mile  of  lail- 
wa3'  to  each' 114.71  square  miles. 

EDUCATION.  —  Latest  reports  give 
number  pupils  in  public  .schools,  7,387;  school 
age,  6-18.  Number  pupils  in  private  schools, 
403. .  State  University  at  Reno. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS.— Januarj'  1,  Feb- 
i-uary  22,  July  4,  Thanksgiving,  and  December 
25. 

POLITICAL.  —  State  elections  biennial, 
state,  congressional. and  presidential  elections, 
Tuesday  after  first  Monday  in  November. 
Number  of  Senators,  20:  Representatives,  40; 
sessions  bieiiiiial,  in  odd-numbered  years, 
meets  first  Monday  in  January;  limit  or 
session,  40  days;  term  of  Senators,  4  years; 
Representatives.  2  years.  Number  of  electoral 
votes,  3:  numlx'r  voters,  20,9,51.  Voters  must 
be  citizens  or  declared  intention,  residents  of 
State  6  months,  of  coimty  30  days;  registra- 
tion required.  Idiots,  insane,  and  convicts 
e.xclufled. 

LEG. A L.  — Statutes  of  limitation:  Judg- 
ments. 6  years:  open  accoimts.  4:  notes,  6; 
redemption  of  tax  sales,  none.  Legal  interest 
rate,  7;  by  contract,  no  Umit. 


COUNTIES. 


Counties. 


ChurchiU,  H 

Douglas,   K-2 

Elko.   C-11 

Esmeralda,  M-5.. 
Eureka,   G-9 


Land 
Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
4,852 
892 
17,652 
8,540 
4,150 


Pop. 
1890. 

703 
1,551 
4,794 
2.148 
3.275 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 
Hmnboldt,  D-5.  .16.580 

Lander,  H-8 5.296 

Lincohi,  P-12 17.680 

Lyon,  J-3 1,264 

Nye,  N-8 16,908 


Pop. 

1890. 

3,434 
2.266 
2,466 
1,987 
1,290 


Land 
Covmties.      Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Omisby,  J-2 144 

Storey,"  1-2 270 

Washoe.  E-2 5.620 

White  Pine,  1-12  .  9,892 
Total 109,740 


Pop. 

189t>. 

4,883 
8,806 
6,4;37 
1.721 
45,761 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


^        n 


P  Q  E3  («  0  Q 


•7      M      J      a      a      0      o« 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


143 


OREGON. 

Derived  from  Spanish  "  Oregano 


Or'-e-gon. 
"Bearer  State." 


HISTORICAL.  —  Name  signifies  thyme, 
an  herb  found  in  abundance  by  the  early 
explorers.  First  explorations  made  by  Capt. 
Gray,  of  Boston,  in  1792.  Astoria  established 
by  Pacific  Fur  Company,  in  isii.  First  settle- 
ments in  the  valley  of  the  Willamette  made  in 
18:34;  Territory  organized  in  1848:  constitution 
adopted  Nov.  9,  1857;  entered  the  Union  Feb. 
12,  1859,  being  the  twentieth  State  admitted. 

AREA,  ETC. -Area  96,0:30  square  miles; 
land  surface,  91, .560  square  miles;  water,  1,470 
square  miles;  average  length,  360  miles; 
breadth,  260  miles.  Columbia,  the  principal 
river,  forms  320  miles  of  boundary;  together 
with  six  tributaries  drains  53,000  square  miles 
of  State.  Cascade  Mountains  divide  State 
into  two  unequal  parts. 

CLIMATE. —Portland:  elevation  88  ft.; 
temperature— spring,  51  9";  summer,  64. S''; 
autumn,  52.8'^;  winter,  40.8";  average  annual 
rainfall,  52.2:3  inches.  Roseburg:  elevation, 
52:3  ft.;  temperature — spring,  51.5";  summer, 
61.2°;  autumn,  51.9°:  winter,  41.6°;  average 
annual  rainfall,  ;35.05  inches. 

POPULATION. -Oregon  ranked  thirty- 
fourth  in  populatii^n  in  1850,  thirty-sixth  in 
1860,  thirty-eighth  in  1870,  thirty-seventh  in 
1880,  and  thirty-eighth  in  1890.  Total  popu- 
lation, ia5ii,  13,294;  1860,  52.465;  1870,  90.92:3; 
1880,  174,768;  1890,  313,767.  Classification: 
Male,  181,840;  female,  131,927;  native,  2.56.450; 
foreign,  57,31  -";  white,  :301,7.58;  colored,  12,009— 
African,  1,186;  Chinese,  9,  .540;  Japanese,  25; 
Indian.s,  1,258. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Portland.metrop- 
olis,  a  port  of  entry,  and  outlet  of  the  large.st 
and  most  productive  valley  on  Pacific  slope; 
population,  62,046.  Astoria,  port  of  entry; 
flourishing  city  of  6.184  inhabitants.  Salem, 
capital — population.  4.515.  Burns.  La  Grande, 
Lakeview,  Oregon  City,  Roseburg,  and  The 
Dalles  are  land  offices. 

AGRICULTURE.  —  Ranks  second  on 
Pacific  slope  in  cereal  jjrodiictions.  Wheat, 
the  most  important  product,  13.149.000  bushels 
grown  in  1891;  oats  rank  second,  product, 
6.000,000  bushels;  ranks  fourth  in  hops,  area 
1S90,  :3.223  acres  ;  yield.  3,811. :349  pounds. 

LIVK  STOCK.  -Climate  and  natural 
grasses  peculiarly  adapted  to  sheep  and  stock 
raising.    Number  farm  animals,  1891.  :3,817.879. 

COUN 


5:  I 


value,  $32,409,302.  Cattle,  762,728,  value,  $13,- 
079,;341.  Sheep.  1860,86.0.52;  1870,  318,123:  1880, 
1.08:3.162;  1890,  2.929,8:30:  value,  S5. 491,789. 
Wool    product.  1890,  7,500,000  pounds. 

FISHERIES.  —  State  ranks  second  in 
importance  in  Pacific  coast  fisheries.  Capital 
invested,  8:2,296.632;  value  of  yield,  $1,0:33.574. 
Ranks  first  in  the  c.-anuing  of  .-almon;  number 
of  factories,  34;  320,822  ca.ses  packed;  value. 
$1,901,617. 

MINERAL  WEALTH.  -Mineral  wealth 
very  great.  Deposits,  in  order  of  imjortance. 
are:  Coal,  iron  ore.  gold,  copper,  quicksdver, 
fire  and  other  clays,  chrome,  silver,  man- 
ganese, zinc.  lead,  and  platinum.  Value  of 
gold  mined  in  1890,  .$1,087,000;  silver,  Sl^9,l''9. 
Coal  area  covers  several  hundred  square  mil 

RAILWAYS.— Number  miles  1890, 1,  '27.95; 
one  mile  to  each  66  72  square  miles.  Number 
miles  1870,  1.59;  1880,  508;  1887,  1,290;  1891, 
1,503. 

STATE     AND     PUBLIC     SCHOOLS 

School  for  Blind  and  Institute  for  Deaf  and 
Dumb,  Salem  ;  State  Agricultural  College, 
Corvalli.<;  State  Normal  schools,  Monmouth, 
Ashland,  Drain,  and  Weston  ;  University  of 
Oregon,  Eugene  City.  Cost  of  mauitaining 
public  schools,  $880,000 ;  number  pupils 
enrolled  in  schools,  6:3,000  :  school  age,  4-20. 

LEGAL  HOLIDAYS. -January  1,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  May  W,  first  Saturday  in  June,  Julj' 
4,  public  fast,  Thanksgiving,  December  25, 
every  general  election  day. 

POLITICAL. -General  election,  first  Mon- 
day in  June.  Governor  and  State  officers 
elected  quadrennially,  members  of  Les^islature 
and  Congress  biennially.  Number  Senators, 
30;  Representatives,  60;  sessions,  biennial  in 
odd-numljered  years;  meeting  second  Monday 
in  January,  limit  40  days;  term  of  Senators,  4 
years.  Representatives,  2  years.  Number  elec- 
toral votes,  4.  Number  voters,  111,744.  Voters 
must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
residents  of  the  State,  5  months;  soldiers  of 
the  U.  S.  army,  idiots,  Chinese,  insane,  and 
convicts,  unless  pardoned,  excluded. 

LEG.\L.— Statutes  of  limitations:  Judg- 
ments or  decree  of  any  court,  sealed  instru- 
ments, recovery  of  real  estate,  10 years;  open 
accounts,  6  years.  Legal  interest,  8  ;  by  con- 
tract. 10  :  usury  forfeits  principal  and  interest. 

TIES. 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Baker,  F  17 1,970 

Benton,  G-3...  l.:370 
Clackamas,  D-7  1,684 
Clatsop,  A-3.-  815 
Columbia,  B-5.      693 

Coos,  L-2 1.750 

Crook,  I-IO.-..  8.150 

Curry,  0-2 1..590 

Douglas,  K-5-.  4,875 
Gilliam,  D-12.-  1,700 
Grant,  F-14...i  5,472 


Pop. 

1890. 

6.764 

8,650 

1.5,2:3:3 

10,016 

.5,191 

8.874 

:3,244 

1,709 

11,864 

3,600 

5,080 


Counties. 

Harney,  L-14. 
Jackson.  0-5  . 
Josephine.   O- 
Klamath,  N-8 
Lake,  Ml  1.-.- 

Lane,   1-5 

Linn,  G-6 

Malheur.  L-18- 
Marion,  E-6--. 
Morrow,  C-13- 
Multnomah,C- 


Land 

Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

-10.600 

-  2,880 
3  1,605 

5,520 
.  8,040 
.  3.860 
.  2,700 

-  9,936 
.  8:30 
.  2,020 
6     440 


Pop 

1890. 

2.559 

11,4.55 

4,878 

2,444 

2.604 

15.198 

16,265 

2,601 

22,9.S1 

4,205 

74,8S4 


Land 
Counties.        Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Polk,E-4 615 

Sherman,  C-11.  510 
Tillamook,  D  3.  1,.525 
UmatiUa,  C-15  2,885 
Union,  E-18----  3,035 
Wallowa.  C-19.  2,890 
Wa.sco,  D-IO...  3,315 
Washingfn,C-5  645 
Yam  Hill,  E-4..  640 
Total 94,560 


Pop. 

1890. 

7,a58 

1,792 

2,9.32 

i:3,:381 

12,044 

3,661 

9,183 

11,972 

10.692 

313,767 


144 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  poce:et  atlas. 


145 


WASHINGTON. 


WOsh-ing-ton. 
"Chinook  State." 


HISTORICAL — Explorations  of  Washing- 
ton and.  Oreg.n  coasts  made  by  American 
navigators,  ITOO.  Columbia  River  explored  b}^ 
Capt.  Gray,  1792.  Lewis  and  Clarke  expedi- 
tion, 1805.  Astoria  established.  1811.  Various 
settlements  made  Ijy  missionaries,  1836-37. 
First  important  settlement  made  at  New  Mar- 
ket, now  Tumwater,  1845.  Territory  organ- 
ized, March,  1853.  State  admitted  into  the 
Union,  November,  1889. 

AREA,  ETC.— 69,180  square  miles;  land 
surface,  66,880;  water,  2,300.  Extreme  length, 
east  and  west,  360  miles;  breadth,  north  and 
south,  210  miles.  Columbia  River,  great  natural 
feature  of  Eastern  Washington,  forms  300  miles 
of  boundary  between  the  State  and  Oregon. 
Greatest  altitude  is  Mount  Ranier,  14,441  feet. 

ClilMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Dayton  : 
Mean  winter,  .30°,  extreme  —26°;  summer,  68°, 
extreme,  109°;  Olympia,  winter,  38°,  extreme, 
— 2°;  summer,  62°,  extreme,  97°.  Average 
annual  rainfall :  Dayton,  27.8  inches ;  Olym- 
pia, .52  1  inches. 

POPULATION.— Washington  ranked  for- 
tieth in  1860,  forty-second  in  1870  and  1880, 
and  thirty-fourth  in  1890.  Total  population 
1860.  11,.594  ;  1870,  2-3.955;  1880,75,116;  1890, 
349,390.  Classification:  Male,  217,562;  female, 
131.828;  native,  259,385;  Foreign,  90,005;  white, 
340,513;  colored  8,877— Mricans,  1,602;  Chi- 
nese, 3,260;  Japanese,  360;  Indians,  3,655. 

PRINCIPAL,  CITIES.— Seattle,  on  Puget 
Sound,  the  largest  city  in  the  State,  popula- 
tion, 42,837,  an  increase  during  the  decade  of 
39,304  or  1,112.48  per  cent.;  Tacoma  had,  in 
1880,  a  population  of  but  1.098;  number  of  in- 
habitants, 1890,  36.006 ;  Spokane  Falls  is  the 
cent«r  of  the  mineral  districts  of  Eastern 
Washington,  population,  1890,  10,922,  increase 
since  1880,  19,572  or  5,592  per  cent.  Olympia, 
the  capital,  population,  4,698. 

AGRICDLTUKAL,  ETC.— Wheat  Is  the 
most  important  cereal  product;  yield,  1891, 
12,216,000  bushels,  value,  $9,161,775;  oats, 
second  in  importance,  yield,  6.744,000  bushels. 
Among  hop-producing  states  Washington 
occupies  second  place.  In  1890,  8,882.95') 
pounds  were  grown,  value,  $2,284,955.  Climat<> 
specially  adapted  to  fruit  culture.  All  vari- 
eties (except  tropical)  are  grown  extensively. 
Number  farm  animals,  \891,  1,554,776,  value. 

CO  UN 


$25,687,953.    Wool  growing  an  important  in- 
dustry, clip  of  1890,  4,-384,480  pounds. 

FORESTS,  ETC — The  vast  forests  of  the 
State  form  one  of  the  principal  sources  of  its 
wealth.  Estimated  area  of  forest  lands,  20,- 
000,000  acres;  standing  timber,  389,365.000.000 
feet.  First  saw -mill  built  at  Tumwater,  1847. 
Production  of  mills,  1890,  1,321,400,000  feet  of 
sawed  lumber  and  888,400,000  shingles. 

FISHERIES.— State  ranks  third  in  Paci- 
fic coast  fisheries.  Capital  invested,  $1,517,397, 
value  of  yield,  1889,  $890,860.  Ranks  second  in 
the  canning  of  salmon  ;  number  of  factories, 
21 ;   cases  packed,  226,393  ;  value,  $1,337,989. 

MINERALS.— Value  of  output  of  gold 
mines,  1890,  $2O4,00i) ;  silver,  $90,025.  Devel- 
oped coal  lands  have  an  area  of  180,000  acres; 
output,  1889,  1,030,578  tons,  value,  $2,393,238. 
Value  of  sandstone  quarried,  $75,936;  limt 
stone,  $231,287. 

RAILWAYS.— First  railroad  in  State, 
Walla  walla  and  Columbia  River, — incorpo- 
rated 1868,  completed  1875.  Number  miles  of 
road  in  operation,  187.5,  110;  1880,  289;  1885, 
776  ;  1890,  1,998  ;  Jan.  1,  1892,  2.230. 

EDUCATION — Number  pupils  enrolled  in 
public  schools,  55,432;  in  private  schools,  4,382. 
School  age,  5-21.  Normal  schools  are  at  Ellens - 
burg  and  Cheney;  University  of  Washington 

LEGAL  HO  l.IHAYS.— January  1,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  Decoration  Day,  July  4,  first  Monday 
in  September,  Thanksgiving,  December  25, 
and  general  election. 

POLITICAL — State  elections  biennial. 
State,  congressional,  and  presidential  elec- 
tions, Tuesday  after  first  IMonday  in  Novem- 
ber. Number  of  Senators,  .34;  Representatives, 
78;  term  of  Senators,  4  years.  Representa- 
tives, 2  years  ;  .sessions  Ijiennial,  in  odd-num- 
l)ered  years,  meets  second  Monday  in  .January; 
h'.uit  of  session,  60  days.  Number  of  elec- 
toral votes,  4;  number  voters,  146,918. 
Voters  must  be  citizens  or  declared  intention, 
resident  of  State  1  year,  of  county  90  days, 
of  precinct  30  days.  No  registration  required. 
Indians  not  taxed  excluded. 

LEGAL.— Statutes  of  hmitation :  Judg- 
ments, 6  years  ;  open  accounts,  3  ;  notes,  6  ; 
redemption  of  ta.x  sales,  1  year.  Legal 
interest,  10 ;  by  contract,  no  limit. 

TIES. 


Land 
Counties.       Area, 
Sq.  Mis. 

Adams,  J-16 1,908 

Asotin,  M-19 640 

Chehalis,J-3 2,104 

Clallam,  F-3 l,8-.*4 

Clarke,  0-6 648 

Columbia,  M-1 8..    864 

Cowlitz,  M-6 1,124 

Douglas,  1-13  ...4,552 
Franklin,  L-15.-.  1,244 
Garfield,  L-19....    672 

Island.  E-6 220 

Jefferson,   G-3.. -1,688 

e 


Pop. 

1890. 

2,098 
1,580 
9,249 
2,771 
11,709 
6,709 
5,917 
3,161 
696 
3,897 
1,787 
8,368 


Land  p 

Counties. Area,  ta^' 

Sq.  Mis.  ^"^■ 

King,  H-8.. 1,944  63,989 

Kitsap,  H-6 392  4,624 

Kittitass,  111.... 3.344  8,777 

Klickitat,  N-11.. -2,176  -5.167 

Lewis,  L-7        ...2,308  11,499 

Lincoln,  H-16... .2,296  9,312 

Mason,   1-4.. 996  2,826 

Okanogan,  E-12.. 7,258  1,467 

Pacific,  L-3 896  4,358 

Pierce,  J-7 1,-376  50,940 

San  -Juan,  C-5....    600  2,072 

Skagit,  D-8 1,910  8,747 


Counties. 


Skamania,  N-8- 
Snohomish,  E-8 
Spokane,  G-19. 
Stevens,  D-16.. 
Thurston,  J  5.. 
Wahkiakum,  M-4 


Land 
Area, 

Sq.  Mis. 

.1,636 

.1720 

.1,680 

.6,194 

.    768 
244 


Pop. 
1890. 


WaUawalla,  N-16  1,296 
Wliatcom,  B-8  ..2,468 
AVhitman,  J-19...2,124 
Yakima.  L-ll...-5,760 
Total 66,880 


774 

8,514 

37,487 

4,-341 

9,675 

2  526 

J  2, 224 

18,591 

19,109 

4.429 

349,390 


146 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  GO'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


147 


ALASKA. 


A-las'ka. 


Indian,  "Alakshak"— "Great  Countrj'." 


HISTORICAL,.— Countrj'  first  visited  by 
Russians,  under  command  of  Vitus  Bering, 
1741;  first  occupants,  Siberian  fur  hunters. 
Chaiter  granted  Russian-American  Fur  Com- 
pany, 1799,  gave  monopoly  of  entire  fur  trade ; 
twice  renewed;  expired  in  1864.  First  per- 
manent .settlement  made  at  Sitka,  1801;  Alaska 
purchased  by  United  States,  in  May,  18G7,  for 
§7,200,000;  Alaska  constituted  a  military  dis- 
trict until  1884,  when  a  District  Government 
was  provided.  A  District  Court  was  estab- 
lished, and  the  Territory  made  a  land  district. 
Previous  to  18H4  public  land  could  not  be  pur- 
chased.   The  laws  of  Oregon  are  in  force. 

AREA,  ETC.— Total  area,  577,390  square 
miles;  extreme  length,  north  and  .south,  1,1(J0 
miles ;  breadth,  east  and  west.  800  miles.  Area 
includes  27,890  square  miles,  which  represents 
the  islands.  Coast  line,  including  islands, 
26,8(>4  miles.  Mount  St.  Elias,  over  17,000  feet  in 
height,  is  the  highest  point  in  North  America, 
Yukon,  the  largest  river,  1,600  to  2.<t;10  miles  in 
length,  largest  American  river  flowing  into 
Pacific  Ocean.  Kuskokwim River,  the  second 
in  size.  Connected  with  the  mountain  system 
are  the  many  noted  glaciers,  unrivaled  in 
magnitude  and  beauty. 

CLIMATE.  —  Climate  of  South  Alaska 
greatly  modified  by  warm  current  of  Pacific 
Gulf  stream.  Temperature  at  Sitka:  Mean 
summer,  52.5°,  extreme,  72°;  mean  winter, 
31.1°,  extreme,  3°;  average  annual  rainfall,  101 
inches.  Lowest  recorded  temperature  at  Fort 
St.  Michael,  —.52°. 

POPULATION.  —  Total  population  for 
1890:  Male,  19.1:30;  female,  12,665;  white,  4,303; 
mixed  (Russian  and  native),  1,819;  Indian, 
23,274;  Chinese,  2.287;  Unknown,  112.  Indian 
population  comprises  73.2  per  cent,  of  total, 
and  is  classified  as  Eskimo,  12.784;  Thlinket, 
4,739;  Athabaskan,  3,441;  Aleut,  968;  Tsiinp- 
sean,  951;  Hyda,  391.  Alaska  is  divided  into 
seven  districts:  Southeastern,  with  8,0."38  in- 
habitants; Kadiak,  6.112;  Unalaska,  2.361; 
Nushagak,  2,726;  Kuskokwim,  5,424;  Yukon, 
3,912;  Arctic,  3,222. 

PRINCIPAL  TOWNS  AND  SETTLE- 
MENTS.—Juneau  is  the  chief  settlement  and 
most  important  mining  center,  population, 
1,253.  Sitka,  on  Baranof  Island,  the  capital; 
population,  1,190  — white,  293;  Indians,  861; 
Chinese,  31.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  oldest  Greek 
Church  in  the  United  States,  and  the  residence 
of  the  Governor  of  the  Territory.  Wrangell, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Stikine  River,  is  an  im- 
portant transit  port  for  the  gold  mines  in 
British  Columbia;  St.  Paul,  on  Kadiak  Island, 
the  most  important  fur-trading  center  in  Cen- 
tral Alaska;  Unalaska,  principal  settlement  of 
Aleutian  Islands,  imjiortant  center  of  fur 
trade  and  base  of  supplies  for  whalers;  St. 
Michael,  on  Norton  Soimd,  the  outlet  and 
trading  port  for  Y'ukon  District.  Annual  value 
of  furs  taken  in  District.  $175,000. 

AGRICULTURE The  Southeastern  and 

Kadiak  districts  are  the  agricultural  regions; 
Kadiak,   including  Cook's  Inlet,   is  the  most 


promising  region.  Vast  tracts  of  level  and 
rolling  land  on  eastern  and  southern  shores  of 
the  islands  furnish  excellent  pasturage  for 
sheep  and  cattle.  In  the  vicinity  of  St.  Paul 
are  300  cattle.  Potatoes  and  the  principal 
northern  vegetables  are  grown  here  and  in  the 
region  surrotmding  Sitka.  '  Grain  does  not 
ripen  in  any  portion  of  Alaska.  In  the  Yukon 
District  there  are  many  sections  where  vege- 
tables and  hay  may  be  grown  during  the  short 
warm  summers. 

FUR  INDUSTRIES.— The  fur  are  the  most 
valuable  of  the  varied  industries  of  the  coun- 
try. Fur-bearing  animals  taken  in  the  Terri- 
tory are  fur-seals,  sea  and  laud  otters,  black, 
red,  and  cross-fox,  arctic  fox,  marten  or  sable, 
black  and  brown  bear,  beaver,  mink,  and 
muskrat.  Seal  furs  are  the  most  important. 
Total  value  of  seal-skins  taken  in  Alaska.  1867  to 
1 890,  nearly  $33,000,000 ;  of  other  furs,  $16,000,000 
—sea  otter  most  important.  Up  to  1889  an- 
nual value  of  seal-skins  taken  on  the  Pribilof 
Islands  was  $1,500,000.  Owing  to  the  danger 
of  extermination  the  catch  is  now  limited  to 
a  certain  lunnber  each  year. 

FISHERIES.  —  Salmon  industry  second 
only  in  importance  to  the  fur  trade.  Center 
of  the  canning  industry  in  the  Kadiak  Islands, 
two-thirds  of  the  entire  product  packed  on 
these  islands.  Largest  cannery  in  the  world 
at  Karluk,  on  Kadiak  Island,  produced  4,000 
cases  in  1884;  200.000,  1890.  Value  of  total 
product  of  all  salmon  canneries,  1884  to  1890, 
57,000,000.  Value  of  output,  1889,  $2,768,000. 
Large  codfish  banks  in  Bering  Sea  and  off  the 
south  coast  of  Alaska.  Fish  equal  in  quality 
and  more  easily  taken  than  at  Newfoundland 
banks.  Value  of  cod  taken,  1867-1890,  $2,950,- 
000.  Valuable  herring  fisheries  at  Killisnoo, 
on  Kenesaw  Island;  aimual  yield,  1.50,000  gal- 
lons of  oil  and  l.(X)0tonsof  fertilizer.  "Wliale 
fisheries  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  1890,  yielded 
226,402  pounds  of  whalebone,  value,  $2.50  to 
$3.50  per  pound;  ivory,  3,980  pounds;  oil,  14,567 
barrels. 

MINERAL  RESOURCES.-Gold  and  sil- 
ver rank  next  to  fui's  and  fish  in  value.  Value 
of  gold  exported  since  the  purchase  of  Alaska, 
S4,00<J.000.  First  important  mine  located  at 
mouth  of  Stikine  River,  1876.  Output  of  the 
surface  mines  of  the  Yukon  region  in  1890, 
S90,000.  Silver  mining  not  yet  important. 
Coal  is  foimd  in  many  locahties,  and  some 
mines  are  being  developed.  Copper,  cinnabar, 
and  silver-bearing  galena  ore  exist. 

FORESTS,  ETC.— In  the  classification  of 
Alaska's  resources,  timber  ranks  fourth.  It  is 
not,  however,  a  source  of  wealth.  United 
States  prohibits  the  export  of  timber  products 
and  supervises  the  production  of  lumber  and 
fuel  for  local  use.  One-foiuth  the  interior  of 
Alaska,  below  an  altitude  of  1,000  feet,  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  In  the  Southeastern  Dis- 
trict, pine,  hemlock,  and  the  valuable  yellow 
cedar  are  found.  The  greatest  proportion  of 
the  forests  are  spruce,  which  furnish  good 
fuel,  but  indifferent  lumber 


148 


RAND    McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


CANADA      Kan 


a-dah'. 


Indian — "Kaunatha,"'  signifies,  "A  village  or  collection  of  huts." 


HISTORICAL — Earliest  authentic  record 
of  discovery,  that  of  the  Cabots,  1497;  Cartier's 
explorations  made  1535-43.  First  settlement 
made  by  Eurojaeans  at  Port  Royal,  Acadia 
(now  Annapolis,  Nova  Scotia;,  1004;  first  per- 
manent settlement  made  1608,  by  French 
under  Champlain  at  Quebec.  In  1713  Acadia 
became  a  British  possession,  and  by  1760  all 
the  French  territory  had  been  gainecl  by  Great 
Britain.  Dominion  of  Canada  came  into  ex- 
istence, July  1,  18G7,  by  the  union  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Canada — Ontario  and  Quebec — 
Nova  Scotia  and  Ncav  Bi'unswick.  These  were 
afterward  joined  by  Manitoba  and  the  North- 
west Territories,  1870,  British  Columbia,  1871, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  1873. 

AREA,  ETC — Total  area,  including  lakes 
and  rivers,  3,4.56,000  s^quare  miles;  length,  fi'om 
east  to  west,  about  3,500  miles;  from  north  to 
south,  1,400  miles.  Principal  physical  features, 
the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Laurentian  Ranue 
the  plains  of  the  Northwest  Territories  and  the 
great  inland  lakes.  System  of  inland  naviga- 
tion the  largest  and  most  important  in  the 
world.  St.  Lawrence  sj^stem,  with  the  great 
lakes,  extends  for  2,384  miles,  from  the  Straits 
of  Belle  Isle  to  Port  Arthur  and  Duluth  on 
Lake  Superior.  Unbroken  water  communica- 
tion afforded  from  Duluth  and  Port  Arthur 
to  Liverpool,  4,618  miles.  Greatest  altitude. 
Mount  Hooker,  16,700  feet. 

FOPULATIOIS.— Number  of  inhabitants, 
1871,3,485,761;  18S1,  4,324.810;  1891,  4,889,411— 
4,155,004  foreign  and  645,r07  native  born.  Num- 
ber immigrants,  1873,  50,050;  1880,  38,505;  1890, 
75,067. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  —  Montreal,  the 
commercial  metropolis  and  largest  city  in  the 
Dominion;  Toronto,  th.e  second  in  size,  is  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  cities  in  the  country ; 
Quebec  ranks  third  in  impoi'tance  and  popula- 
tion; Hamilton,  an  important  commercial  and 
manufacturing  center,  ranks  fourth;  Ottawa 
the  capital  of  the  Dominion,  ranks  fifth.  St. 
John,  an  important  seaport,  has  one  of  the 
finest  harbors  on  the  Atlantic  Coast;  Halifax, 
a  great  port  of  entry  for  the  Dominion  and  the 
chief  naval  station  of  British  North  America. 

URBAN  POPULATION Urban  popu- 
lation limited  to  places  of  not  less  than  1  500 
inhabitants.  Total  for  1891,  1,394,259,  an  in- 
crease during  the  decade  of  384,146,  or  38.1  per 
cent.  Percentages  of  inci'ease  as  follows: 
Cities  of  over  5,000  inhabitants,  40.8  per  cent.; 
towns  over  3,000,  44.9  per  cent.;  villages  over 
1,50)  20.3  per  cent.  In  l^^Sl,  35  cities  had  over 
5,000  inhabitants,  number  increased  to  47  in 
1891;  38  towns  in  1881  over  3,000;  45  in  1891; 
villages    of    1,500   increased    from    55   to  91. 

AGRICULTURE  AND  LIVE  STOCK. 
— Agriculture  forms  the  chief  industry,  nearly 
60  per  cent,  of  the  population  being  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits.  Chief  products,  the 
cereals,  beans,  peas,  potatoes,  turnips,  and 
hay.  Estimated  production  of  wheat,  1890, 
40,-527,562  bushels;  barley.  28,000  000  bushels. 
Total  value  of  agricultural  products  exported. 


1890,  $35,442,500— cereals,  $11,900  000;  cheese, 
94,260,000  pounds,  value,  $9,372,000.  Imports 
of  wheat,  flour,  and  other  breadstuffs,  $2,997  - 
533;  exports,  $8,583,166.  Horses,  cattle,  and 
sheep  constitute  the  chief  animal  w  :  th. 
Number  and  value  exjjorted,  1890:  Horses, 
16,550,  $1,936,073;  caitle,  81,4.54,  $6,949,417; 
sheep,  315,931,  $1,274,347.  Total  value  of  the 
exports  for  seventeen  years,  $108,680,586. 

FISHERIES — The  sea  fisheries  of  Can- 
ada, and  the  fresh-water  fisheries  of  the  great 
lakes  t>ud  rivers,  are  among  the  richest  an  : 
most  important  in  the  world.  Number  of 
vessels  and  boats  engaged  in  the  industry, 
30,872,  value,  $3,077,136;  number  me  s  63,7:^5; 
capital  invested,  $7,372,641;  total  value  of 
yield,  $17,714,902.  Value  of  principal  kinds: 
Cod,  $.3,433,.5S0;  salmon,  $3,036,569:  herri'i  , 
$1,9.58,492;  lobsters,  $1,618,.344;  mackerel  $1,- 
.524,976;  whitefish,  $767,657;  trout,  $625,286. 

FORESTS The  chief  wealth  of  the  coun- 
try is  in  the  forests.  One-fourth  the  total 
value  of  the  exports,  or  over  $26,000,000,  is 
represented  by  the  products  of  the  forests. 
In  1889,  $2,211,127  dues  were  paid  on  1,608,890,- 
647  feet  of  lumber  and  5,743,868  cubic  feet  of 
timber. 

FURS. — The  fur  trade  is  still  an  important 
one,  furs  being  at  present  the  chief  commer- 
cial product  of  the  vast  extent  of  territory  in 
the  northern  jmrt  of  the  center  of  the  Domin- 
ion. Total  number  of  skins  received  at  Mont- 
real by  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  in  1890, 
130,346.  Most  important,  beaver,  20.000;  mar- 
ten, 17,000;  mink,  7,000;  lynx,  4,400;  otter, 
3,000;  muskrat,  72,000.  Total  number  receiv- 
ed 1887-90,  515  603. 

MINERALS. —  Mineral  resources  of  the 
Dominion  extensive  and  widely  distributed. 
Amon^  the  principal  minerals  mined  are  gold, 
silver,  iron,  lead,  copper,  coal,  and  petroleum. 
Total  value  of  mineral  production  for  1889, 
$19,500,000.  Output  of  coal  mines,  2,719,478 
tons,  value,  $5, .584, 182;  iron,  73.231  tons.  $2,- 
76.3.062;  gold,  72,328  ounces,  $1,295,1.59;  silver, 
.383,318  ounces,  $:348,848 ;  copper,  6,809,752 
pounds,  $885,424;  petroleum,  639,991  barrels, 
$612,101 ;  asbestos,  6,113  tons,  $426  5.54.  Output 
of  stone  quarries,  341, .3.37  cubic  yards  of  build- 
ing stone,  value,  $913,691. 

MANUFACTURES.— Among  the  leading 
industries  are  the  manufactui'ing  of  agricult- 
ural implements,  caniages,  wagons,  railroad 
rolling  stock,  fui'niture,  cottons,  woolens, 
leather,  etc.  Total  number  of  industrial  estab- 
lishments in  the  Dominion,  1891,  75,768;  capital 
invested,  $353,836,817;  number  of  employes, 
.307.865;  wages  paid,  $99,762,441;  cost  of 
material  used,  $255,983,219;  value  of  prod- 
ucts, $475,445,705;  nvmiber  of  establishments, 
1881,  49,923;  capital  invested,  $165,302,623;  em- 
ploye's, 2.54,935;  wages  paid,  $.59,429  002;  cost 
of  materials  used,  $179,918,593;  value  of  prod- 
ucts. $309,676,068. 

POSTAL  AND  BANKS.— In  1890  there 
were  7,913  post  offices;  number  letters  trans- 
mitted, 94,100,000;  newspapers,  70,983,121.  Post 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


149 


ofiBce  banks  numbered  494;  depositors,  112,321 ; 
balances,  $21,990,6S3;  1870,  banks  numbered 
226;  depositors,  12,178;  balances,  $1,588,848. 
Ill  1890  there  were  39  chartered  banks:  paid- 
up  capital,  $59,569,765:  deposits,  S136,187,515; 
assets,  S254,628,694;  liabilities,  $174,501,422. 

Railways. — First  railway  in  Dominion 
begun  1835,  oi)ened  1836.  It  extended  a  dis- 
tance of  16  miles  from  La  Prairie,  Quebec,  to 
St.  Johns.  First  operated  by  horse-power, 
which  gave  place  to  locomotives,  1837.  In  1867 
there  were  2,258  miles  of  road  in  operation ;  in 
1875,  4.826  miles;  in  1880,  6.891  miles;  in  18S5. 
10,1.50  miles;  in  1890,  1.3,256  mdes,  with  a  total 
of  14,004  mUes  completed.  Paid-up  capital, 
$786,447,812;  working  expenses,  832.913,350; 
earnings,  $46,843,826;  passengers  carried, 
12,821,262;  freight  handled,  20,787,469  tons. 
Government  expenditure  on  railways  was 
$4,122,724;  on  canals,  $1,189,644.  Up  to  1889 
the  Dominion  had  sjient  §55,085.712  upon 
canals. 

EDUCATION  AND  RELIGION.  —As 
early  as  1846  free  and  compulsory  education 
was  organized  in  the  old  Province  of  Canada. 


In  1867,  educational  control  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  governments  of  the  several  prov- 
inces. In  1890  the  total  number  of  pupils  in 
the  public,  high,  normal,  and  model  .schools 
was  998,823;  average  attendance  for  the  year, 
569,136;  number  of  teachers,  21,771;  expendi- 
tures, S8,970,847.  There  are  twenty-four  col- 
leges in  the  Domiuion.  There  is  no  State 
Church.  Principal  religious  denominations 
are  Roman  Catholic,  1.990,465  members;  Meth-  \ 
odist,  847,469;  Presbyterian,  755,199;  Church' 
of  England,  644,106;  Baptist,  303,749;  Luther- 
ans, 63,979. 

GOVERNMENT. -The  Dominion  is  com- ; 
posed  of  seven  provinces,  the  District  of  Kee- 
watin  and  the  territories.  Form  of  govern-  i 
ment  follows  closely  that  of  Gi'eat  Britain. 
Executive  authoritj'  is  vested  in  the  Queen, 
who  is  represented  b}'  the  Governor  General 
aided  by  a  Privy  Council  of  14  members. 
The  Legislative  consists  of  a  Senate  of  80  mem- 
bers, appointed  for  life,  and  a  House  of  Com- 
mons whose  members  are  elected  eveiy  5 
years.  Present  House  consists  of  215  mem- 
bers. 


NEWFOUNDLAND. 


HISTORICAL.  The  Island,  together  with 
a  portion  of  the  Labrador  Peninsula,  forms  a 
colony  of  Great  Britain.  Country  first  dis- 
covered by  Cabot.  1497;  visited  by  the  Portu- 
guese navigator.  Cortereal,  1500,  who  estab- 
lished the  first  regular  fishery.  Coast  explored 
by  Cartier,  1.534.  In  1.583,  country  visited  by 
Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert,  who  claimed  it  as  a 
possession  of  Great  Britain.  Numerous  Engli  h 
and  French  colonies  occupied  portions  of  tiie 
Island  until  1713,  when  it  was  declared  a  British 
possession.  First  Governor  appointed,  172S; 
representative  government  granted,  18;i2: 
present  constitution  went  into  force,  1855. 
Capital,  and  principal  city,  St.  John's,  a  city 
of  about  30,000  inhabitants. 

AREA,  POPULATION,  ETC The  esti- 
mated area  is  40,200  square  miles;  length,  350 
miles;  average  breadth,  130 miles.  Population, 
census  of  1884,  193,124—99,^44  males  and  93,780 
females.  Area  of  Labrador  Coast,  120,000 
square  miles;  population,  4,211.  Present  pop- 
ulation of  entire  colony  <estimated  at  202.000. 
In  1891,  there  were  160  miles  of  railway  in  opera- 
tion, and  on  the  Hall's  Bay  road,  which  is 
under  construction  for  a  distance  of  about  240 
miles,  60  miles  of  track  were  laid. 

CLIMATE.— Temperature  at  St.  John's: 
Mean  for  the  year,  4041°:  extreme  winter, 
— 7°;  extreme  summer,  86°;  rainfall,  48.50 
inches.  Point  Rich,  mean,  35.60;  extreme 
winter,  —15°;  summer,  66°;  rainfall,  36.96 
inches. 

FISHERIES — Over  60,000  of  the  inhabit- 
ants engaged  in  the  fisheries.  Annual  value  of 
the  products,  exclusive  of  home  consumption, 
$6,500,000.  Cod  fishery  the  oldest  and  most 
important;  by  1578,  400  vessels  were  engaged 
in  the  industry:  value  of  exports,  1890,  $4.2.38,- 
556— $093,217  from  Labrador.  Number  vessels 
engaged  on  the  Great  Banks,  60,  with  a  tonnage 


of  2,507  tons;  number  of  men,  1,098.  Number 
men  employed  in  seal  fisheries.  4,284,  with  19 
steamers  of  5,947  tons;  number  seals  taken, 
1890,  365,931.  There  were  69,-344  cases  of  lob- 
ster exported,  value,  $520,078;  herring,  107,063 
l)arrels,  value,  $278,847;  value  of  salmon, 
SI  13,370. 

MINER  .4LS,  ETC — Mineral  resources  im- 
portant. Fii-st  copper  mine  opened,  1804; 
value  of  copper  and  nickel  exported,  to  1879, 
$4,629,889;  valueof  exports  from  Tilt  Cove  and 
Little  Bay  mines,  1890.  $226,792.  Iron  pyrites, 
averaging  ,52  per  cent  of  sulphur,  are  mined; 
in  1890,  1.670  tons,  valued  at  $72,315,  were  ex- 
ported. Antimony,  silver,  lead,  gypsum,  and 
coal  are  worked.  Total  number  factories, 
mills,  etc.,  in  the  colony,  198;  emploj'es,  2,4.59. 
Agricultural  products'  limited  to  potatoes, 
turnips,  and  other  root  crops,  hay,  barley,  and 
oats;  legislation  seeking  to  encourage  farming. 

EDUCATION  AND  RELIGION Lat- 
est reports  give  492  schools— 204  Roman  Cath- 
olic and  288  Protestant;  attendance,  27,.322 
impils.  Leading  religious  denominations: 
Roman  Catholic,  75,2.54  members;  Church  of 
England,  69,000;  Wesleyan,  48,767;  other  de- 
nominations, 2,965. 

FINANCE   AND   SHIPPING Exports 

of  the  Colony,  1890,  $0,368,8.55;  imports,  $6,099,- 
686;  revenue,  $1,454,536.  The  public  debt  was 
$4,138,627;  per  capita  debt  about  $19.69.  On 
Januarj'  1,  1891,  the  registered  shipping  was 
2,207  vessels  with  a  net  tonnage  of  98,619  tons. 
During  the  year  1890,  48  new  vessels  were 
built;  tonnage,  1,896  tons;  bounty  paid,  $7,566. 

GOVERN .>IENT.— Public  affairs  are  ad- 
ministered through  a  Governor  appointed  by 
the  Crown,  assisted  by  an  Executive  Council  of 
seven  members,  a  legislative  Council  of  not 
more  than  eighteen  members,  and  a  house  of 
assembly  of  thirty-six  representatives. 


150 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO/S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


151 


MAXITOBA. 


HISTORICAL — Province  formed  part  of 
territory  sold  to  Dominion  by  the  Hjudson  Bay 
Company.  Formerly  known  as  Red  River 
Settlement,  also  Assiniboia.  Local  govern- 
ment in  the  hands  of  a  Lieutenant-Grovernor, 
an  Executive  Council  of  5  members,  and  a 
Legislative  Assembly  of  35  Representatives. 
Province  has  3  Senators  in  the  Dominion 
Senate,  and  5  members  in  rhe  House  of 
Commons. 

AREA  AJ^D  CLIMATE.— Area,  73.956 
square  miles.  Temperature  at  "Winnipeg: 
Mean  ■winter.  1°;  extreme,  — 42.7°:  summer. 
60.3°,  extreme,  93.2°;  rainfall,  11.69  inches; 
snow,  62.9  inches;  total  precipitation,  17.98 
inches. 

POPULATION,  ETC.  —  Population  of 
province,  1871,  2.5,228;  1881,  62,260;  1885, 108,&40; 


1891,  152,505.  Winnipeg,  the  capital  and  chief 
city,  population,  25,642.  Brandon,  second  city 
in  size  and  importance,  population,  3,778;  pop- 
ulation Portage  la  Prairie,  3.:363. 

AGRICULTURK,  ETC.— Chief  indus- 
tries, agriculture  and  stock  raising.  Number 
of  acres  in  wheat.  1890.  746,058;  yield,  14.665,- 
769  bushels;  oats,  9,513.433  bushels;  barley, 
2.069,415  bushels;  potatoes,  2,540,820  bushels; 
average  yield  per  acre.  235  bushels.  Num- 
ber industrial  estabUshments.  1,029;  capital, 
$.5,681,537;  emploves,  4.375:  value  of  products, 
SlO.126.082.    Nuniber  miles  of  railwav,  1,427. 

DISTRICT  OF  KEEWATJN.— The  Dis- 
trict was  organized  in  1876.  It  has  a  separate 
government  administered  by  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Manitoba.  Area.  282,000  square 
miles,  of  which  1,500  square  miles  are  water. 


NORTHWEST  TERRITORIES. 


HISTORICAL — Country  held  bv  Hudson 
Bay  Company.  1670  to  1870.  In  1882,  398.281 
square  miles  of  territ<jry  was  divided  into  the 
four  districts  of  Assiniboia,  Alberta.  Atha- 
basca, and  Saskatchewan.  Public  affairs  are 
administered  by  a  J>ieutenant-Governor.  an 
Advisory  Council  of  4  members,  and  a  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  25  Representatives 
The  Territories  are  represented  in  the  Domin- 
ion Parliament  bj-  2  Senators  and  4  Repre- 
sentatives. 

AREA  AND  CLIMATE. -Area.  1.31:3,227 
square  miles.  Country  well  watered  by  nu- 
merous lakes  and  rivers.  Temperature  at 
Regina:  Mean  winter,  —2.4°.  extreme,  —.52°; 
summer,  59.2°,  extreme,  96°;  rainfall,  2.42 
inrlies:  at  Qu"  Appelle,  14.74  inches. 

POPULATION,   ETC.— Population,   1881, 


56,^W6;  1891,  98.967.  Capital,  Regina,  in  Assini- 
boia District,  iwpulation,  2.200:  Calgary  most 
important  town  lietween  Brandon,  Man.,  and 
Vancouver.  B.  C.  population.  3,876. 

AGRICULTURE,  ETC.— Estimated  area 
adapted  for  agricultm-e,  over  6(K).0<X)  square 
miles.  Live  stock  returns  for  unorganized 
territories,  1881. 18.76.3;  total  for  Alberta,  Assin- 
iboia. and  Saskatchewan.  1891,  373.002.  Num- 
ber industrial  establishments.  1891.  375;  em- 
ployes. 1,081;  capital  invested.  Si. 713,179; 
value  of  products,  SLB44,410.  Number  miles 
of  railwav.  1,606. 

MINERALS.  — Estimated  area  of  coal 
deix)sits,  65,000  squaiv  miles;  output,  1889, 
97.364  tons,  value.  8179,640;  value  of  poUl 
mined.  §195,000.  Iron,  copp)er,  lead,  and  silver 
are  found. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 


HISTORICAL.— Territory  held  by  Hudson 
Bay  Company  until  18.58.  Vancouver  Island 
became  a  colony,  1849;  Mainland  in  1859;  two 
colonies  united  in  1866  an(\  entered  the  Domin- 
ion, July  20,  1871.  Government  administered 
by  a  Lieutenant-Governor,  an  Executive  Coun- 
cil of  5  members,  and  a  Legislative  .Assembly 
of  25  Representatives.  Number  Senators  in 
Dominion  Senate.  3;  members  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  6. 

AREA  AND  CLOI  ATE.— Total  area. 
341,:305  square  miles.  Length  of  mainland, 
760  miles ;  breadth,  500.  Temperature  at  Vic- 
toria: Mean  winter,  39°;  extreme.  6°;  sum- 
mer. .57.8°;  extreme.  86°;  rainfall,  36.83 
inches;  snow,  27.1  inches;  total  precipitation, 
39  54  inches. 

POPULATION,  ETC.— Population  vof 
Province,  1871,  36,247;  1881,  49,459;  1891,  97,612. 
Victoria,  on  Vancouver  Island,  the  capital, 
population.  16.^1;  increase  in  ten  years.  11,000. 
Vancouver,  founded  since  1881,    population. 


13,709.  Population  New  Westminster,  6,678; 
Nanainu).  4..595. 

AGRICULTURE,      LUMBER,    ETC.  — 

Estimated  area  of  agricultural  land.  250.000 
square  miles:  soil  rich  and  climate  mild. 
F*rovtnce  densely  wooded;  yearlj-  shipments 
of  lumber  large.  Fur  trade  stilU  f  importance, 
many  skins  be. ng  exported.  Number  of  indus- 
triafestablishments.  755;  employes,  11,473;  capi- 
tal. S14.:i42.149;  value  of  products,  $11,916  928. 
Number  miles  of  railway,  707. 

FISHERIES— One  of  the  chief  indus- 
tries. Value  of  j-ield,  1890.  $3,481.4:32;  total  since 
187  6,  S22. 620.875.  Annual  catch  of  seals,  54,850, 
value,  $510,110.  Number  salmon  canneries.  34; 
output  for  year.  19,895,990  onepoand  cans. 

MINERALS — Output  of  coal  mines,  1889, 
649.408  tons,  value,  S2,319.:320;  value  of  gold 
mined,  $588,923;  total  yield  since  1858,  $52,- 
188,880;  silver  mined,  1889,  5:3,192  ounces, 
value.  S^7.873.  Copper,  iron,  cinnabar,  and 
platinum  exist. 


152 


RAND.  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


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RAND,  McKALLY  &  CO.'S 


ONTARIO. 


HISTORICAL.— In  1615  Ciiamplain.  visited 
Lakes  Ontario  and  Nipissing,  and  in  1671  the 
district  around  Lake  Huron  was  taken  posses- 
sion of  by  Perrot.  Niagara  founded  by  La 
Salle,  1679.  In  1 749  a  fort  was  built  at  Toronto. 
Previous  to  1791  country  formed  a  part  of 
Quebec ;  in  that  year  it  was  formed  into  the 
province  of  Upper  Canada.  In  1840  it  was 
reunited  with  Quebec  as  the  United  Provinces 
of  Canada;  in  1867  it  was  again  separated,  and 
as  Ontario  became  a  chief  province  of  the 
confederation. 

AREA,  ETC.— Total  number  of  square 
miles,  222,000.  Length  from  southeast  to 
northwest,  750  miles ;  f  lom  northeast  to  south- 
west, 500  miles.  Ai'ea  of  the  Ontario  frontier 
waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  its  great  lakes, 
about  27,094  square  miles.  Surface  of  the 
country  undulating  rather  than  mountainous, 
and  greatly  diversified  by  numerous  lakes  and 
rivers.     Pi'ovince  has  5,945  miles  of  railway. 

CLIMATE.  —  Temperature  at  Toronto: 
Mean  annual,  43.94°;  mean  winter,  2-3.23°, 
extreme,  —9°;  summer,  64.53°,  extreme,  88°. 
London,  mean  annual,  44.^0°;  mean  winter, 
23.43°,  extreme,  — 10°;  summer,  66.18°,  extreme, 
89.1°,  Ottawa,  mean  annual,  40.75°;  winter, 
13.33°,  extreme,  —22.9°;  summer,  66.35°,  ex- 
treme, 89.6°;  average  rainfall  for  the  province, 
28.44  inches. 

POPULATION — The  most  populous  prov- 
ince of  the  Dominion.  In  1871  there  were 
1,620,851  inhabitants;  1881, 1,926,922;  1891, 2,112,- 
989,  au  increase  of  186,067  or  9.65  percent.; 
native  born,  1,710,703;  foreign,  403,618. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Toronto,  seat  of 
provincial  government,  metropolis  of  Western 
Canada,  population,  181,220;  Ottawa,  seat  of 
Dominion  government,  center  of  Ontario 
lumber  trade,  population,  44,154;  Hamilton, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  a  prominent  railway  and 
manufacturing  center,  population,  48,980;  pop- 
ulation London,  31,977;  Kingston,  an  impor- 
tant naval  station,  population,  19,264. 

AGRICULTURE. —  Agriculture  is  the 
chief  industry  of  the  province.  Total  area  of 
farm  lands,  1891,  22,535,983  acres,  of  which 
11,802,847  acres  were  cleared.  Total  value  of 
all  farm  property,  $971,886,068- farm  land, 
$6-21,245,223.  Area  vmder  crops,  7,834,213  aci'es; 
under  pasture,  2,721,281  acres.  Production  in 
bushels  of  staple  field  crops:  Wheat,  32,584,- 
026,  value, $30,751,755;  oats.  75,009,-542,  $27,378,- 
483;  barley,  16,141,904,  $7,925,675;  Indian  corn, 
18,288,659,  $5,687,773;  buckwheat,  2,608,142, 
$1,150,191;  rye,  1,1.34,630,  $820,337:  peas.  18,323,- 
459,  $11,690,367;  beans.  769,600,  $816,546;  pota- 
toes, 24,055,886,  $7,842,219;  turnips,  68,853,452, 
$6,885,345.  Hay,  2,392,798  tons,  value,  $28,498,- 
2-24. 

LIVE  STOCK,  ETC — Stock-raising  and 
dairy-farming  are  important  and  growing 
industries.  Total  value  of  live  stock  on  farms, 
1891,  $108,721,076,  an  increase  of  $4,634,450 
over  that  of  1890.  Number  of  horses,  678,459; 
swine,  1,156,316;  cattle,  1,978,815— 77.3,234  milch 
cows;  sheep,  1,693,751.  Number  of  domestic 
fowls,  7,006,090.    Wool    clip,    954,522    fleeces, 


weighing  5,498,141  pounds,  an  increase  of  923,- 
441  pounds  over  the  clip  of  1890;  value,  $1,066,- 
639.  There  are  838  cheese  factories  in  opera- 
tion ;  total  number  of  pounds  of  cheese  made, 
1891,  81,929,042,  value,  $7,656,484;  an  excess 
of  2,564,829  pounds  above  the  product  of  1890, 
and  13,000,000  pounds  above  the  annual  aver- 
age of  nine  years.  Thirty-nine  creameries 
produced  1,402,309  poimds  of  butter,  valued  at 
$287,559.  Of  the  exports  for  1890,  animals  and 
their  produce  constituted  over  one-fourth  the 
total  value,  or  $6,780,137;  cheese,  $2,155,307; 
eggs,  $1,322,986. 

HORTICULTURE.  —  Total  area  under 
orchard  and  garden  products,  187,832  acres. 
Climate  and  soil  are  well  adapted  to  fruit  cult- 
ure, and  for  many  years  fruit  farming  has  been 
steadily  growing  in  importance.  The  apple 
orchards  of  the  southwestern  counties  are  ex- 
tensive and  very  productive.  Pears,  plums, 
peaches,  and  small  fruits  of  all  kinds  are 
abundant.  In  the  district  around  Niagara  and 
westward  to  the  county  of  Essex  are  many 
large  vineyards,  orchards,  and  fniit  gardens. 

LUMBER,  FISHERIES,  ETC.  — The 
forests  form  one  of  the  chief  sources  of  wealth. 
Among  the  exports  of  1890  forest  products 
ranked  first  in  value,  the  value  of  the  lumber 
alon^  being  $6,439,724.  In  1b90  the  province 
had  1,338  vessels  and  boats  engaged  in  the  fish- 
eries, value,  $217,131;  number  men  employed, 
3,045;  total  value  of  catch,  $2,009,637.  Province 
ranks  first  in  the  extent  and  value  of  its  man- 
ufactures. In  1891  there  were  32,028  indus- 
trial establishments,  wi.h  165,335  employes. 
There  were  nine  cotton  and  301  woolen  milh. 

MINERALS.— Sudbury  district  contains 
extensive  deposits  of  copper  and  nickel ;  copper 
deposits  among  the  richest  in  the  world ;  silver 
found  at  Isle  Royal  and  on  the  shores  of  Lake 
Superior;  production,  1889,  181,609  ounces', 
value,  $162,309;  iron  of  excellent  quality  is 
abvmdant;  gold,  galena,  and  zinc  exist.  Pe- 
troleum discovered,  1862;  most  productive  dis- 
tricts. Oil  Springs  and  Petrolia;  production, 
639,991  barrels;  13  refineries  in  the  province. 
Salt  largely  produced,  value  of  product,  J  889, 
$172,547.  Mica,  serpentine,  granite,  marble, 
and  sandstone  exist  in  inexhaustible  quantities. 

EDUCATION.  —  Control  of  education  is 
vested  in  the  Minister  of  Education.  Compul- 
sory law  for  children  between  7  and  13.  There 
are  5,569  public  schools,  115  high  schools,  58 
county  model  schools,  8  normal  and  provin- 
cial model  schools;  school  population,  615,353; 
number  pupils,  exclusive  of  those  in  colleges 
and  private  schools,  514,304.  Receipts  for 
public  school  purposes,  $4,456,352.  Under  the 
control  of  the  Department  of  Education  are 
204  mechanics''  institutes  and  free  hbraries, 
with  339,000  books  and  members. 

GO  VERNMENT.— The  public  affairs  of  the 
province  are  administered  by  a  Lieutenant 
Governor,  an  Executive  Council  of  8  members, 
and  a  Legislative  Assembly  of  90  members, 
elected  every  four  years.  Ontario  sends  24 
Senators  to  the  Dominion  Senate  and  92  Repre- 
sentatives to  the  House  of  Commons. 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


155 


QUEBEC. 


HISTORICAI,.— Territory  discovered  by 
I  Sebastian  Cabot,  1497;  first  settlement  by 
Europeans  made,  1541,  near  Quebec,  under 
Cartier;  permanent  settlement  ma<le  in  1608. 
\  by  French  upon  the  present  site  of  the  city  of 
Quebec.  Country  held  by  French  until  1759, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  British.  Province 
divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Canada  in  1792. 
reunited  as  United  Provinces  of  Canada,  1S40; 
separated  and  entered  the  Dominion  as  Quebec 
and  Ontario,  1867. 

AR£  \,  ETC.— The  province  has  an  area  of 
228,900  square  miles.  Length  varies  from  700 
to  1,000  miles;  breadth  about  300  miles.  The 
surface  of  the  country  is  exceedingly  varied 
and  picturesque.  Principal  mountains,  the 
Xotre  Dame  and  the  Laurentian  Range.  The 
province  is  well  watered  by  numerous  large 
rivers,  bays,  and  lakes.  St.  Lawrence  River, 
the  great  natiu'al  featm'e,  together  with  its 
manj^  important  tributaries,  drains  the  entire 
country.  The  river  is  remarkable  for  great 
natural  beauty  throughout  its  entire  length. 
Number  miles  of  railway,  2,762. 

CLIMATE — Temperature  at  Montreal: 
Mean  winter,  16.7°,  extreme,  —25.9°;  smnmer^ 
62.2°,  extreme,  90.4°:  Quebec,  winter,  15°,  ex- 
treme,—24.7°;  sunmier,  62,2°,  extreme,  89.3°. 
Rainfall,  Montreal.  21.;i5  inches:  snow,  169.2 
inches:  total  precipitation.  38.27.  Quet)ec,  rain, 
19.96:  snow,  176.3;  total,  37..59. 

POPULATION.— Population  of  the  prov- 
ince in  1871,  1,191,516;  in  1881,  1.359,027— in- 
crease, 167,511.  or  14.05  per  cent.;  1891,1,488,.586 
—increase,  129,559,  or  9.53  per  cent.  Native 
born,  1.406,514;  foreign.  82.021. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES.— Montreal,  the 
conunercial  metropolis  of  Canada  and  princi- 
pal port.»f  entry,  population,  216.6,50;  Quebec, 
the  capital  of  the  province,  is  the  most  historic 
city  of  the  Dominion,  population,  6:3,090;  Hull, 
an  important  city  on  the  Chaudiere,  opposite 
Ottawa,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  suspen- 
sion bridge,  population.  11,265;  Sherbrooke.  a 
prominent  manufacturing  point,  population, 
10,110;  Three  Rivers,  the  center  of  an  import- 
ant lumber  trade,  population,  8,334;  population, 
of  Levis.  7,301. 

AGRICULTURE,  ETC.— Soil  fertile  and 
capable  of  a  high  extent  of  cultivation.  Cereals, 
grasses,  root  crops,  and  most  fruits  of  the 
temperate  zone  are  produced  in  abundance. 
Latest  reports  give  Avheat  production,  2,019,- 
034  bushels;  barlev,  1.751.539  bushels;  oats, 
19,990,205  bushels;  rye,  4;i0,242  bushels;  peas 
and  beans,  4,170,456  bushels;  buckwheat  2,041,- 
670  bushels:  corn,  888,169  bushels;  potatoes, 
14,873.287  bushels;  turnips,  1.572,476  bushels; 
'aay,  1.612,104  tons;  grass  and  clover  seed,  119,- 
306  bushels;  tobacco,  2,356,581  pounds;  hops, 
218i542  poimds.  Stock  raising  and  dairy  farm- 
ing are  among  the  prominent  industries  of 
the  province.  Among  tRe  exports,  animals 
and  their  produce  rank  fij-st.  value,  316,178,400; 
of  which  $7,207,950  represented  the  cheese  ex- 
ported. Total  number  cheese  and  butter 
factories  in  operation,  672.  Value  of  agricult- 
ural products  exported,  $3,500,000. 


FORESTS — The  immense  tracts  of  forest 
land  furnish  a  large  revenue  to  the  province 
and  a  great  industry  for  the  people.  The  lum- 
ber trade  is  an  important  one,  product  in  1889, 
519,408,800  feet,  board  measure,  and  660,199 
cubic  feet  of  timber.  Since  1867  the  total 
product  has  been,  11,173,516,549  feet,  board 
measure,  and  70,272,572  cubic  feet  of  timber; 
dues  collected.  $10,764,368.  Value  of  forest 
products  exported,  1890,  $11,762,. 50— $6,968,559 
lumber  and  $3,208,459  timber. 

FISHERIE.S.- Quebec  has  extensive  and 
valuable  fisheries.  In  1890,  there  wei-e  6.-24d 
vessels  and  boats  and  11,367  men  engaged  iu 
the  industry;  total  value  of  the  catoh,  $1,615,- 
120;  total  value  since  1869,  $41,140,169.  Those 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  are  especially  valuable; 
they  consist  principally  of  cod,  haddock, 
halibut,  salmon,  mackerel,  shad,  whitefish, 
herring,  and  lobsters. 

MINERALS. — Province  rich  in  mineral 
wealth.  ^  alue  of  gold  mined  in  1889,  $1,100.- 
159;  output  of  silver,  148,517  ounces,  value, 
$133  666.  Copper  is  abimdant  in  the  east ;  iron 
widely  distributed  throughout  the  province; 
lead,  zinc,  and  platinum  are  obtained ;  asbestos 
industry  rapidly  increasing  in  importance, 
value  of  product.  1889,  $-i26.5.>l;  phosphate  of 
lime  deposits  extensive;  $;355.9;35  worth  shipped  t 
to  England,  1889.  Coal  is  not  foimd,  but  peat 
is  abundant. 

MANUFACTURES — Quebec  ranks  second 
in  the  Dominion  in  the  value  and  importance  I 
of  manufacturing  industries.  Total  number  i 
of  industrial  establishments,  23.112;  capital 
invested,  $116,969,581;  number  of  employes, 
116,830;  wag  s  paid,  $30,670,991;  cost  of 
materials  used,  $85,871,928;  value  of  products, 
$1.53  195,189.  Among  the  most  impoi'tant  of 
the  manufactories  are  5  cotton  mills  with  3,323 
employes;  18 paper  mills,  1,396  employes;  1.55 
foundries  and  machine  shops,  4.024  employes; 
863  flouring  and  grist  mills,  1,617  employes; 
1.919  saw  mills.  13,943  employes;  4  sugar  re- 
fineries, 1,545  emploves. 

EDUCATION.— Quebec  schools  are  under 
the  control  of  a  Superintendent  of  Education, 
assisted  by  a  council  of  35  meVnbers.  Ed- 
ucation is  based  on  religious  teaching,  the 
catechism  in  the  Roman  Catholic  and  the  Bible 
in  the  Protestant  schools  being  text-bojks. 
Total  number  schools,  academies,  colleges,  and 
universities,  5.321;  pupils  and  students,  259,125 
—34,215  Protestant,  223,005  Roman  Catholic. 
Average  attendance  at  public,  high,  and 
model  schools,  177,806;  proportion,  69.47  per 
cent.,  a  greater  percentage  than  in  any  other 
province. 

GOVERNMENT.— The  pubhc  affairs  of 
the  province  are  vested  in  a  Lieutenant 
Governor,  appointed  by  the  Governor  Greneral 
of  the  Dominion,  an  Executive  Council  of  8 
members,  a  Legislative  CouncU  of  24  members, 
appointed  for  life,  and  a  Legislative  Assembly 
of  65  members,  elected  by  the  people  every  5 
years.  The  province  has  24  Senators  in  the 
Dominion  Senate  and  65  Representatives  in 
the  House  of  Commons. 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


NEW  POCKET  ATLxYS. 


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TEW  BRUNSWICK, 
NOVA  SCOTIA 

AND 

JPBINCE   EDWARD 
JSIiAND. 


Arcaaia, 

yarwmB. 
Sand  BSaSlF 


169' 


XoDgltiiae       Vi 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


159 


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lay"        'jBan3,Jfel7anr  i  Co.,  iSo!BWgr».,  CTt. 


160 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO/S 


NEW    BRUNSWICK. 


HISTORICAL — First  settled  by  the 
French  in  1639.  Constituted  part  of  Acadia 
or  New  France  until  1713,  wlien  it  became  a 
British  possession.  Became  a  separate  colony , 
1784;  entered  the  Dominion,  1867.  Government 
administered  by  a  Lieutenant  Governor,  an 
Executive  Council  of  7  members,  a  Legis- 
lative Council  of  17  members,  and  a  Legislative 
Assembly  of  41  B,epresentatives.  Number 
Senators  in  Dominion  Senate,  10;  members  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  16. 

AREA  AHiD  CLIMATE.— Number  of 
square  miles.  28,200;  extreme  length,  230 
miles;  breadth,  190  miles;  coast  line,  about  500 
miles.  Temperature  at  Fredericton:  Mean 
winter,  173°,  extreme  —34°;  summer,  62°, 
extreme,  91.7°;  rainfall,  4.5  inches. 

FOPULATION,  ETC In  density  of  pop- 


ulation New  Brunswick  ranks  third.  Number 
of  inhabitants,  1871,  285,594;  1881,  321,233;  1891, 
321,270.  Fredericton,  the  capital,  population, 
0,502;  St.  John,  the  commeicial  metropolis, 
population,  39,179.  Number  pupils  enrolled  in 
schools,  68,221;  average  attendance,  33,482. 
Miles  of  railway  in  operation,  1,421. 

RESOURCES  AND  INDUSTRIES Cli- 
mate and  soil  adapted  to  agriculture  and 
stock-raising.  Cereals,  root-crops,  garden- 
vegetables,  and  fruits  are  abundant.  Value 
of  forest  products,  $4,341,121.  Shipments: 
Deals,  369,031,274  feet;  square  timber,  416,450 
cubic  feet.  Fisheries  employ  5,542  vessels  and 
boats,  and  11,139  men;  value  of  products, 
$2,699,055.  Number  indu.strial  establishments, 
5,419;  capital,  $16,608,755;  value  of  products, 
.$23,685,636. 


NOVA    SCOTIA. 


HISTORICAL,.— Country  visited  by  Cabot, 
1497;  first  settled  by  French  at  Port  Royal, 
(Annapolis),  1604;  ceded  to  Great  Britain,  1713; 
Nova  Scotia  entered  the  Dominion,  1867. 
Government  administered  by  a  Lieutenant 
Governor,  an  Executive  Council  of  7  mem- 
bers, a  Legislative  Council  of  17  members,  and 
a  Legislative  Assembly  of  38  members.  Prov- 
ince represented  in  the  Dominion  Senate  by 
10  Senators;  in  the  House  of  Commons  by  21 
members. 

AREA    AND    CLIMATE Area,     20,600 

square  miles;  extreme  length  of  mainland, 
350  miles;  greatest  breadth,  120  miles;  coast 
line,  1  200  miles.  Temperature  at  Halifax: 
Mean  winter,  30.2°,  extreme, — 4.8°;  summer, 
61.5°,  extreme,  93°;  rainfaU,  56.92  inches. 

POPULATION,  ETC.— Province  ranks 
second  in  density  of  population;  proportion,  21 
persons  to  the  square  mile.  Total  population, 
!  1871  387,800;  1881,  440,572;  1891,  450,523.  Hali- 
fax, the  capital  and  chief  city,  population.  38,- 


556.  Number  schools,  2,200;  pupils,  103,688;  ex- 
penditures, $612,919.  There  are  691  miles  of 
railway  in  operation. 

AGRICULTURE,  ETC.— Soil  unsurpassed 
for  fertihty.  Excellent  crops  of  the  cereals, 
potatoes,  turnips,  and  hay,  are  produced. 
Fruits  grown  bear  a  high  reputation  for 
excellence;  climate  fa  voidable  to  the  produc- 
tion of  all  fruits  common  to  the  temperate 
zone. 

RESOURCES  AND  INDUSTRIES.— 
Fisheries  employ  14,290  vessels  and  boats,  with 
27,6-'4  men;  value  of  catch,  1890,  $6,636,445. 
Vast  tracts  of  woodland  which  pi'oduce  great 
quantities  of  timber  for  ship-bufiding  and  the 
manufacture  of  lumber.  Area  of  coal  fields, 
685  square  miles;  output,  1889,  1,967,032  tons; 
value,  $3,073,489.  Gold  discovered,  1860;  since 
then  total  yield  has  been  $9,402,703;  yield  1889, 
$510,029.  Industrial  establishments  number 
10,373;  capital,  $19,007,614;  employes,  34,265; 
products,  $30,243,683. 


PRINCE  EDA¥ARD   ISLAND. 


HISTORICAL.  —  Island  discovered  by 
Cabot,  1497;  visited  by  Cartier,  1534,  who 
named  it  Isle  of  St.  John.  First  settled  by  the 
French,  who  ceded  it  to  Great  B  itain,  1758. 
Attached  to  Nova  Scotia  until  1768.  Name 
changed  to  Prince  Edward,  1799;  I'esponsible 
government  granted,  1851;  entered  the  Con- 
federation, 1873.  Government  vested  in  a 
Lieutenant  Governor  and  an  Executive  Coun- 
cil, a  Legislative  Council  of  13  members,  and  a 
Legislative  Assembly  of  30  Representatives. 
Province  has  4  Senators  in  the  Dominion  Sen- 
ate, and  6  members  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

AREA  AND    CLIMATE The  smallest 

of  the  provinces;  area,  2,000  square  miles. 
Length,  northwest  to  southeast,  105  miles; 
breadth  varies  from  4  to  34  miles.  Tempera- 
ture: Mean  winter,  16.9°.  extreme,  —21.4°; 
summer,  61°,  extreme,  81). 5°. 


POPULATION,  ETC.— Density  of  popu- 
lation more  than  double  that  of  any  other 
province;  proportion,  51  persons  to  the  square 
mile.  Number  of  inhabitants,  1871,  94,021; 
1881,  108  891;  1891,  109,080.  Capital,  Charlotte- 
town,  has  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the 
world,  population,  11,374;  population  of  Sum- 
merside,  2,783.  Number  public  schools,  433; 
pupils,  22,905;  average  attendance,  13,089. 
Province  has  211  miles  of  railway  in  operation. 

RESOURCES  AND  INDUSTRIES.— 
Chief  agricultural  productions,  wheat,  oats, 
barley,  potatoes,  and  tui-nips.  Much  attention 
l^aid  to  the  rearing  of  farm  animals.  Value  of 
total  exports,  1890,  $875,964;  over  one-third  the 
sum,  or  $366,675,  the  value  of  animals  and  their 
produce;  value  of  eggs  exported,  $236,490. 
Fisheries  second  in  importance;  value  of  total 
catch,  $1,041,109;  value  of  exports,  $187,743. 


162 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


■2^^.~^       BARBADOS 

JAMAICA-^  '""^Ao'p'^o  *BBin-^-^'"" 

Kingston  ^^'Acp 

CARIBBEAN  SEA 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


163 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


Country. 


Bahamas,  L-14 

Barbados,  M-14 

Bermuda,  M-11 

Canada,  H-8 

Costa  Rica,  J-17 

*Cuba,  K-14 

Cruatemala,  1-16 

Haiti,  L-15 

Honduras,  J-16 

Hondm-as,  British,  J-1.5 

Jamaica,  K-15 

Mexico,  G-15- 

Newfovmdland.  M-7... 

Nicaragua,  J-16 

Puerto  Rico,  M-14 

Salvador,  H-ir ------.. 

Santo  Domingo,  M-14. 
United  States,  F-11  ... 


Area, 
Sq.  Miles. 


Popula- 
tion. 


5,450 

166 

20 

3,4.56,000 

23,2;« 

36.018 

46.800 

-  10,204 

46,400 

7,562 

4,200 

747.  IKX) 

42,200 

49.500 

3,  .5.50 

7,255 

18,045 

3.602,990 


48.000 

182,322 

15.844 

4,829,411 

213,785 

1,631,687 

1,-394, 233 

960,000 

431,917 

31,471 

639,491 

11,601,347 

202,000 

350,000 

806,708 

664,513 

610.000 

62.978.7.38 


Government. 


British  Colony.  . 
British  Colony... 
British  Colony . . . 
British  Colony  . . 

Republic 

Spanish  Colony. . 

Republic 

Republic 

Repubhc 

British  Colony.  . 
British  Colony... 

Republic. 

British  Colony... 

Republic... 

Spanish  Colony. 

Republic 

Republic 

Republic,         


Exports. 


«!      840,605 

5,968,615 

1,-540,080 

96.749,149 

7,440,219 

61,714,-395 

10,412,300 

14,475,000 

2,422,522 

1,438,450 

9,727,325 

48.887,950 

6,353,840 

1,718,209 

13,024,730 

5,479,600 

2.  .520, 983 

872.270,283 


Imports. 


I     1,112,.560  ! 

6,021,945 

687,630 

121,858,241 

4,582,012 

12,224,888 

5,522,599 

18,-335,000 


1,410,225 

11,155,225 

36,895.000 

6,6^4,220 

1,969,935 

13,128,436 

1,735,923 

1.992,884 

857,126,717 


*Data  only  foi-  Coiiiinerce  with  U.  S. 


PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


City.  Country. 

Baltimore,  United  States 

Belize,  British  Honduras 

Boston,  United  States.. 

Bridgetown,  Barbados 

Brooklyn,  United  States 

Buffalo,  "  

Charleston,  "  

Chicago,  "  ... 

Cincinnati,  "  

Cleveland,  "  

Denver,  "  

Detroit,  "  

Galveston,  "  

Godthaab,  Greenland  

Guadalajara,  Mexico 

Guatemala  la  Kueva,  Guatemala  ... 

Halifax,  Canada   

Hamilton,  Bermuda 

Havana,  Cuba 

Kansas  City,  United  States  

Kingston,  Jamaica 

Leon,  Mexico 

Los  Angeles,  United  States 

Mauagu»,  Nicaragua 

Matanzas.  Cuba 

Mexico,  Mexico i.. 

Montreal,  Canada 

Nassau,  Bahama 

New  Orleans,  United  States 


Pop. 

434,439 

.5,800 

448,477 

25.000 

806,343 

25.5,664 

.54,955 

,4:iS,010 

29(),908 

261,-353 

106,713 

20.5,876 

29,084 

;350 

83,122 

(i5,796 

38,  .556 

8,000 

2-30,000 

:i8,316 

40,000 

120,000 

.50,395 

18,000 

36,102 

a50,000 

216,6-50 

5.0(X) 

242,039 


City.              Country.  Pop. 

New  York,  United  States   1,5]5,-301 

Ottawa,  Canada 44,154 

Philadelphia,  United  States .1,046,964 

Pittsburg,              "            "       2;i8.617 

Ponce,  Puerto  Rico 37,545 

Fort  au  Prince.  Haiti 20,000 

Portland.  United  States 62,046 

Puebla,  Mexico 78,5-30 

Quebec,  Canada 6-3,090- 

Regina.         "         1,681 

St.  Johns,  Newfoundland 28,610 

St.  Louis,  United  States 451 ,  770 

St.  Paul,                  "            133.1.56 

Salt  Lake  City,      "           44,843 

San  Francisco,      "            298,997 

San  Jose,  Costa  Rica   25,000 

San  Juan,  Puerto  Rico 23,414 

San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico 37,314 

San  Salvador,  Salvador 16,327 

Santiago  de  Cuba,  Cuba 45,000 

Santo  Domingo,  Santo  Domingo  ...  25,000 

Sitka,  United  States 1,190 

Tegucigalpa,  Honduras 12,600 

Toronto,  Canada  181,220 

Vancouver,     "       13,709 

Vera  Cruz,  Mexico 24,000 

Victoria,  Canada 16,841 

AVashlngtou,  United  States 2-30,392 

Winnipeg,  Canada   2-5,639 


country.  principal  exports. 

Bahamas— Tropical  fruits,  sponges,  pearls. 
Barbados— Sugar,  molasses,  and  rum. 
Bermuda— Onions,  potatoes,  and  lily  bulbs. 
Canada,   Dominion    of— Lumber,    live    stock, 

cheese,  agricultural  jn'oducts,  fish,  minerals. 
Costa  Rica— Coffee,  bananas,  hides  and  skins, 

cocoanuts,  cocoa,  and  dye  woods. 
Cuba — Su2:ar,  molasses,  leaf  tobacco,  cigars. 
Guatemala  —  Coffee,    hides,    bananas,  sugar, 

and  rubber. 
Haiti— Coffee,  cocoa,  mahogany,  logwood. 
Honduras— Cattle,  hides,  bananas,  cocoanuts, 

mahogany,  and  india  rubber. 
Honduras,  British— Mahogany,  dye-woods. 


COUNTRY.  principal  EXPORT.?. 

Jamaica— Sugar,  coffee,  and  tropical  fruits. 

Mexico— ^Mahogany,  silver  ore,  hemp,  sugar, 
and  tobacco. 

Newfoundland— Fish,  cod  and  seal  oil.  lobsters. 

Nicaragua— Coffee,  india  rubber,  bananas, 
hides,  and  woods. 

Puerto  Rico — Sugar,  molasses,  coffee,  tobacco, 
and  cotton. 

Salvador — Coffee,  indigo,  sugar,  and  cocoa. 

Santo  Domingo — Sugar,  coffee,  cocoa,  hides 
and  skins,  and  dye-woods. 

United  States  — Cotton,  cereals  and  flour, 
meat  and  dairy  products,  live  stock,  min- 
erals, and  mineral  oils. 


164 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO/S 


ABODE         FGHI  JKL  M 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


165 


SOUTH    AMERICA. 


Country. 

Argentine   Republic, 

F-13.--- 

Bolivia,  F-IO.. 

Brazil,I-r 

Chile,  D-1.3... 

Colombia,  C-4 

Ecuador,  C-6 

Guiana,  British,  G-4. 
Guiana,  Dutch.  H-4. . 
Guiana,  French.  1-4. 

Paraguay,  G-11- 

Peru.  C-8 

Uruguay.  H-13 

Venezuela,  E-3 


Area, 
Sq.  Miles. 


1,125,086 

567.340 

3,209,878 

293.970 

504,773 

118,630 

109,000 

46,060 

46,697 

01,970 

463.747 

72,110 

632,695 


Popula- 
tion. 


4.086.492 

2,:j;33,3o0 

14,002.3;35 

3.115.815 

3.878,600 

1,220.000 

278,477 

57,365 

25.796 

560.000 

2,971.844 

648,299 

2,550,385 


Government. 


Exports. 


Republic 

RepubUc  

Republic 

Republic 

Repubhc  

Republic 

British  Colony. 
Dutch  Colony  . 
French  Colony 

Republic 

Republic 

Republic 

Republic 


:$100, 

8, 

173. 

60. 

14, 

lo! 

1. 


6, 
29, 
14, 


,818.993 
.759,700 
530,812 
158.347 
591,029 
057,761 
520,335 
415.790 
724,480 
097,848 
600,677 
085,519 
633,014 


Imports. 


$142,240,812 

5.839,800 

2.014,600 

59,362.091 

9,613,007 

7,241,822 

9,183,669 

1,967,028 

1,727,442 

1,977.616 

.0.190,555 

23,399,625 

12,124,089 


PRINCIPAL    CITIES. 


City.  Country.  Pop. 

Antofagasta,  Chile 16..549 

Arequipa,  Peru ;35.000 

Asuncion,  Paraguay 24,8^38 

Bahia,  Brazil 1.50,000 

Barquisimeto,  Venezuela 31,476 

Barranquilla,  Colombia        20,000 

Bogota,  Colombia 1 10,000 

Buenos  Ayres,  Argentine  Republic.  .398,498 

Callao,  Peru._ 35,492 

Campinas,  Brazil 35,000 

Campos,  Brazil 40.000 

Caracas,  Venezuela 70.466 

Cayenne,  French  Guiana 10,600 

Chilian,  Chile.... 60,767 

Cochabamba,  Bolivia 40.000 

Cojedes,  Venezuela 85.678 

Cordova,  Argentine  Republic 66.000 

Cuenca,  Ecuador    30,000 

Cuzco,  Peru 30,000 

Desterro,  Brazil 6,000 

Georgetown,  British  Guiana 55,299 

Guayaquil,  Ecuador 40,000 

Iquique,  Chile 16,4.30 

La  Paz,  Bolivia 80,000 

Laplata,  Argentine  Republic 40,000 

Lima,  Peru 101.488 


City.  Country.  Pop. 

Los  Angeles,  Chile  ...  51,354 

Medellin,  Colombia 40,000 

Montevideo,  Uruguay 175,000 

Panama,  Colombia 30,000 

Para,  Brazil 60,000 

Paramaribo.  Dutch  Guiana 28,526 

Pernamhuco,  Brazil 1.30,000 

Porto  Alegre,  Brazil 30,000 

Punta  Arenas,  Chile 915 

Quillota,  Chile 48,737 

Quito,  Ecuador 80,000 

Rio  do  Janeiro,  Brazil .500,000 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil 18,000 

Rosario,  Argentine  Republic 55,000 

San  Fernando,  Chile 79,742 

Saio  Luiz  de  MaranhSo,  Brazil 30,000 

Santiago,  Chile 236.870 

Santos,  Brazil ;35,000 

Sao  Paulo,  Brazil 75,000 

Serena,  Chile 36,772 

Sucre,  Bolivia 30,000 

Talca,  Chile ....  70,036 

Trujillo,  Peru 8,000 

Tucuman,  Argentine  Republic 40,000 

Valencia.  Venezuela 38,6.54 

Valparai,so,  Chile 109,-584 


country.  principal  exports. 

Argentine  RepubUc— "Wool,  hides  and  skins, 
tallow,  live  stock,  meat,  and  grain. 

Bolivia— Silver,  Peruvian  bark,  india-rubber, 
gums,  cocoa,  coffee,  copper,  and  tin. 

Brazil— Coffee,  sugar,  india-rubber,  cotton, 
hides,  and  tobacco. 

Chile — Nitre,  copper,  silver,   wheat,  barley, 

and  wool. 
Colombia— Coffee,     cinchona,    gold,    silver, 

cacao,  tobacco,  and  hides. 
Ecuador— Cocoa,  coffee,   straw  hats,  hides, 

india-rubber,  ivory  nuts,  sugar,  and  gold. 


COUNTRY.  principal  EXPORTS.  - 

Guiana,  British— Sugar,  rum,  molasses,  tim- 
ber, and  gold. 

Guiana,  Dutch— Cocoa,  sugar,  coffee,  and 
gold. 

Guiana,  French— Cocoa,  coffee,  and  gold. 

Paraguay — Yerba  mate,  tobacco,  hides  and 
skins,  oranges,  and  timber. 

Peru— Sugar,  cotton,  wool,  hides,  silver  and 
lead  ores. 

Uruguay— Wool,  hides  and  skins,  tallow,  and 
meats. 

Venezuela  -Coffee,  cocoa,  gold,  hides  and 
skins,  and  cattle. 


166 


BAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


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to 


KEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


167 


EUROPE. 


Country. 


Area, 
Sq.  Miles 


Popula- 
tion. 


Andorra,  F-12 

Austria-Hungary,  K-11 

Belgium,  G-9 

British  Isles,  F-7 

Bulgaria,  M-13 

Denmark,  1-6 

France,  F-10 

Grermany,  1-9 ..- 

Greece,  L-15 

Italy,  1-12....     

Luxemburg,  G-9 

Monaco,  H-12 

Montenegro,  K-13 

Netherlands  (The),  H-8 

Norway,  J-3 

Portugal,  C-13 

Rouniania,  M-11 

Russia,  O-G 

San  Marino,  J-12 

Servia,  L-12 

Spain,  D-13 

Sweden,  K-4 

Switzerland,  H-11... 
Turkey.  L-13 


175 

264,512 

11,373 

121.481 

37,860 

15,289 

204,092 

209,558 

25,014 

114,410 

998 

8 

3,6:50 

12,&48 

123,205 

34,0;i8 

48,307 

2,095,-504 

32 

19,050 

194,800 

170,979 

15,992 

61.200 


6,000 

42,620,966 

6,484,940 

37,888,153 

3,154,375 

2.298,367 

;38,M3,192 

49,422,114 

2,217,000 

30,158,408 

211,088 

12,000 

2.36,000 

4,548,596 

1,999,176 

4,708,178 

4,650,82.3 

95,870,810 

7,816 

2,157,477 

17,237,600 

4.774,409 

<J,93;i,612 

4.700,000 


Government. 


Exports. 


Republic 

Empire 

Kingdom 

Kingdom  . . . . . 
Principality  .. 

Kingdom 

Republic 

Empire    

Kingdom 

Kingdom 

Grand  Duchy. 
Principality  .. 
Principality  .. 

Kingdom 

Kingdom 

Kingdom 

Kingdom 

Empire 

Republic 

Kingdom 

Kingdom 

Kingdom 

Republic  . . .  . 
Empire   


$  275,389,800 

568,993,305 

'1,597,4^.066 

I      15,552,147 

1      42,668,567 

I    717,983,a5;i 

'1,153,352,998 

18,477,766 

172,917,433 


1,000.000 

437.187.664 

a5,13:i,862 

35.582,218 

.53.2.59.894 

406.892..504 


7,:^2.t)3t3 

187,.551.976 

80.862.325 

139,9.39,051 


Imports. 


$  218,019,900 

616,507,883 

2,047,297,603 

14,06.3,764 

72.284,359 

853,688,215 

1,358,425,460 

23.311,698 

254,890,217 


100,000 

522.499,.500 

.55,920.585 

51,019,973 

70,018  663 

240,499,-552 


8,81.5,226 
188,227,.5a5 
101.026.274 
193,316.645 


PRINCIPAL    CITIES. 


City. 


Country. 


Amsterdam,  Netherlands 

Andorra,  Andorra 

Antwerp,  Belgium     

Athens,  Greece 

Barcelona,  Spain 

Belgrade,  Servia  

Berlin,  Germany    1 

Bern,  Switzerland   

Birmingham,  England 

Brussels,  Belgium 

Budapest,  Austria-Hungary   .. 

Bukharest,  Roumania  

Cetigne,  Montenegro 

Christiania,  Norway 

Constiintinople,  Turkey 

Copeuhaj^en,  Denmark 

Dublin,  Ireland 

Edinburgh,  Scotland 

Glasgow,  Scotland    

Hamburg,  Germany 


Pop. 

408,061 
6,000 
221.:i60 
107,251 
272,481 

W,4.58 
,579,244 

47,1.51 
429.171 
477,398 
506,:»4 
221,805 
1,500 
150,444 
700,000 
375,251 
245,001 
261,261 
782,728 
323.7.39 


City. 


Country. 


Pop. 


Lisbon,  Portugal 246,^13 

Liverpool,  England  517,951 

I^ondon,  Enj^land 4,211,0.56 

Luxemburg,  Luxemburg 18,187 

Lyons,  France   416,029 

Madrid,  Spain 472,228 

Marseilles.  France   403,749 

Manchester.  England  50.5,;343 

Monaco,  Monaco 3,292 

Moscow,  Russia 753,469 

Naples,  Italy  463,172 

Odes.'^a.  Russia -    .313.687 

Paris,  France   2,447,9.57 

Rome,  Italy. 273,268 

San  Marino,  San  Marino 7,816 

Sofia,  Bulgaria    .30,428 

St.  Petersburg,  Rus.sia 1,003,315 

Stockholm,  Sweden 243,.500 

The  Hague,  Netherlands   156,809 

Vienna,  Austria-Hungary      1  .:j.55.255 


country.  principal  exports. 

Austria-Hungary— Grain,  tim>)er,  hardware. 
Belgium— Yarns,  coal  and  coke,  machinery. 
British    Isle.s— Cotton,     woolen,    and     linen 

goods,  iron,  steel,  coal,  and  machinery. 
Bulgaria— Wheat,      wool,     tallow,     butter, 

cheese,  hides,  flax,  and  timber. 
Denmark— Animals     and     their      produce, 

cereals,  metals,  and  hardware. 
France— Woolen,  silk,  and  cotton  manufact- 
ures, wine,  raw  silk,  and  wool. 
Germany— Cotton  and  woolen  goods,  hosiery, 

sugar,  and  leather  goods. 
Greece— Currants,  ores,  tobacco,  and  wine. 
Italy— Silk,  wine,  olive  oil,  fruit,  hemp,  flax, 

cotton,  and  sulphur. 
Luxemburg— Manufactured  goods. 
Monaco — Olive  oil,  oranges,  and  citrons. 


principal  exports. 
insect    p  )wder 


COCTTTRY. 

Montenegro  -  Sumac,  insect  p  )W(ler  sar- 
dines, smoked  mutton,  cattle,  and  goats. 

Netherlands,  The— Wheat,  rye,  flax,  refined 
sugar,  butter,  cheese,  cattle,  and  sheep. 

Norway— Timber,  fish,  oil,  skins,  and  furs. 

Portugal— Wine,  cork,  fish,  and  copper. 

Roumania- Cereals,  animals,  and  fruits. 

Russia— Grain,  flax  and  hemp,  timber,  lin- 
seed, and  wool. 

Servia— Fruit,  animals,  wine,  and  grain. 

Spain— Wine,  minerals,  fruits,  and  cork. 

Sweden— Timber,  animals  and  their  produce, 
steel,  iron,  copper  and  zinc  ores. 

Switzerland— Cottons,  silks,  clocks  and 
watches,  cheese  and  condensed  milk. 

Turkey  in  Europe— Raisins,  wheat,  mohair, 
raw  silk,  opium,  and  coffee. 


168 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


j^    V   ^    O     0 


o 


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<^5^y , 


0    - 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


169 


ASIA. 


Country. 


Area, 
Sq.  Miles. 


Afghanistan,  G-6 

Bhotan,  1-8 

Ceylon,  H-10 

China,  L-6 

Dutch  East  Indies, 

L-11 

French  India,  H-9... 
French  Indo-China, 

K-9 

Hongkong,  M-7 

India,  H-8 .-  .. 

Japan,  N-5 

Korea,  M-5 

Nepal,  1-7 

Oman,  E-7 

Persia,  E-6  - 

Philippine  Islands, 

N-8 

Russia,  Asiatic,  H-3. 

Samos,  C-4 

Siam,  K-9. 

Turkey  in  Asia,  D-5- 


279,000 

16,800 

25,364 

4,179,559 

719,674 
200 

142,742 
29 

1,800,258 

147,655 

82.000 

54.000 

82,000 

628,000 

114,  .326 

6,564,778 

180 

250,000 

680,000 


Popula- 
tion. 


4,000,000 

35,000 

3,008,239 

404,180,000 

29,765.031 
280,303 

17,791,500 

221,441 

286,696,960 

39.069.007 

10,528,937 

2,000.000 

1,500.000 

9,000,000 

7,000,000 

19,002,198 

44.661 

6,000,000 
21.600.000 


Government. 


Exports. 


Empire  

Kingdom   

British  Colony 
Empire  


Dutch  Colony  . 
French  Colony 


French  Dependencies 

British  Colony 

Empire  

Empire  ..' 

Empire  

Kingdom  

Empire  

Kingdom 


Spanish  Colony. 

Empire  

Turkish  Principality. 

Kingdom   

Empire  


$    1,10.5,4.36 


17.536.677 
103,614,786 

68,088,881 
5,199,341 

11,399,023 

6,125,320 

351,062,300 

43,461,848 
3,550,478 
5,:349,374 
1,432,690 

14,609,535 

5,050,000 


753,914 
16,048,105 


Imports. 


$     2,731,995 


21,640,534 
151,114,149  ] 

66,165,;356 
1,368,198 

12,049,692 

12,641,060 
322,110,800 

63,621,205 
4.727,a39 
4,239,-378 
1,9&3,270 

18,636,405 

3,500,000 


911,779 
13,155,100 


PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


City.  Country.  Pop. 

Bagdad,  Turkey 80,000 

Kangkok,   Siam 1,000,000 

lia  ta via .  Dutch  East  Indies 7,969 

Bombay,  India 804,470 

Cabool,  Afghanistan 60,000 

Calcutta,  India 840,130 

Canton,  China 1,600,000 

Colombo,  Ceylon 126,926 

Damascus,  Turkey 200,000 

Fuchau,  China 636,000 

Hanoi,  French  Indo-China 50,000 

Hue,  French  Indo-China 100,000 

Hyderabad,  India 392,730 

Irkutsk,   Russia 48,000 

Ispahan,  Persia .  60.000 

Kandahar,  Afghanistan 60.000 

Kandy,  Ceylon 20.252 

Karikal,  French  India 34,719 

Kliatmando,  Nepal 

Kyoto,  Japan 264,.559 

Laoag,  Philippine  Islands 36.639 

country.  principal  exports. 

Afghanistan— Horses,       spices,       assaf  etida , 

fruits,  and  nuts. 
Bhotan— Wool,    musk,    ponies,    and     caout- 
chouc. 
Ceylon— Coffee,    cinchona,     tea,     plumbago, 

arecanuts,  and  cocoanuts. 
China— Tea,    raw    and    manufactured     silk, 

and  sugar. 
Dutch    East  Indies— Tea,  coffee,  sugar,  rice, 

indigo,  cinchona,  tobacco,  and  tin. 
French  India— Oil-seeds. 
French    Indo-China— Cinnamon,  cotton,   tea, 

coffee,  sugar,  tobacco,  and  I'ice. 
Hongkong— Tea,     silk,     sandalwood,     hemp, 

and  copper. 
India— Rice,    cotton,    opium,  oil-seeds,    jute, 

and  tea. 


City.              Country.  Pop. 

Madras,  India  449,950 

Manila,  Philippine  Islands 270,000 

Maskat,  Oman 60,000 

Osaka,  Japan 432,005 

Pekin.  China 1,300,000 

Pondicherry,  French  India. 41,253 

Punakha,  Bhotan 

Rangoon,  India. 181,210 

Saigon,  French  Indo-China 90,000 

Samarkand.  Russia 33,117 

Shanghai,    China 28,000 

Seoul,  Korea 250,000 

Smyrna,  Turkey 200,000 

Suchau,  China 1,000  000 

Tabreez,  Persia 180,000 

Teheran,  Persia 210,000 

Titlis,  Russia 104.000 

Tokyo,  Japan 1,165,048 

Vatlii,  Samos 

Victoria,  Hongkong 221,441 

Yuthia.  Siam ,,., 40.000 

COUNTRY.  principal   EXPORTS. 

Japan— Raw  silk  and  cocoons,  rice,  tea,  coal, 

and  copper. 
Korea— Rice,  beans,  and  cow-hides. 
Nepal— Rice,  oil-seeds,  butter,  ponies,  timber. 
Oman— Dates,  cotton  fabrics,  rice,  salt,  pearls, 

and  fruits. 
Persia— Dried     fruits,    opium,    rice,    cotton, 

wool,  silk,   carpets,  pearls,  and  turquoises. 
Philippine    Islands — Sugar,   hemp,     tobacco, 

cigars,  and  coffee. 
Russia,    Asiatic — Cereals,    petroleum,    tissue, 

textiles,  and  precious  metals. 
Samos  -  Raisins,  wine,  oil,  and  hides. 
Siam— Rice,  teak,  pepper,  sapanwood,  cattle, 

and  tin. 
Turkey— Tobacco,     cereals      opium,    coffee, 

fruits,  valonia,  and  madder. 


170 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO.'S 


8 

9 
10 

11 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 


D 


E 


Q       H 


K 


M 


NEW  POCKET  ATLAS 


171 


AFRICA. 


Country. 


Abyssinia,  K-9 

Algeria,  E-5. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1-17... 

Egypt,  1-7. 

French  Kongo,  F-1 1 

German  East  Africa,  K-12- , 

Kamerun,  G-10 

Kongo  Free  State,  I-ll 

Liberia,  C-10 

Madagascar,  L-15 

Morocco,  D-5 

Natal,I-17- 

Niger  Territories,  E-10 

Orange  Free  State.  I-IG 

Free  State  of  E.  Africa, K-1 4 
Portuguese  W.  Africa,  G-14 

Senegal,  B-9 

Sierra  Leone,  B-10 

South  African  Republic,I-16 

Togoland,  D-10 

Tripoli,  H-6. 

Tunis.  F5 


Area, 
Sq.  Mls. 


244,000 
319,465 

2m,4m 

400,000 
250,000 
^45,000 
130.000 
865,375 

14,300 
228,500 
219,000 

20,460 
500,000 

41,500 
;300,000 
600,000 

14,700 
400 

121. a>i 

16,000 

398,873 

45,000 


Popula- 
tion. 


7,360.000 

4,124,732 

1,458,82:3 

6,817,265 

6,900.300 

1,760,000 

2,600,000 

14,000,000 

1,068,000 

3.500.000 

•5,000,000 

543.913 

20,000.000 

207..503 

1,. 500. 000 

10.000,000 

135,000 

75,000 

679.200 

.500.000 

1,000.000 

1.500.000 


Government. 


Exports.      Imports 


Kingdom - . . 

French  Colony.. 

British  Colony 

Empire 

French  Territorj' 

German  Protectorate. 
German  Protectorate. 

Belgian  Colony 

RepubUc 

Kingdom   

Empire 

British  Colony... 

British  Territoi'ies 

Republic 

Portuguese  Colony... 
PortugueseTerritories 

Fiench  Coh my 

British  Colony 

Republic 

German  Pi'otectorate 

Turkish  Province 

French  Protecttirate. 


1  51,237,538 

49,409.472 

58,703,493 

578.459 

976.555 

1,234,982 

2,821,956 


47,597 

7,945,177 

6,898,285 

1,425,000 

10,000,000 


3,;i00,000 
1,746,595 


1.01.5.000 
5  905.645 


51.237,755 

49,183,116 

39,945.851 

738,096 

738,444 

771,834 


788,518 

8,728.987 

22,08.5.425 


5,000,000 


5,800,000 
1,746,-595 
27,500.000 
:387,940 
1,410.-500 
5,622,977 


PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


City. 


Country. 


Pop. 


Alexandria,  Egypt 227.062 

Algiers,  Algeria 74,794 

Ankober,  Abyssinia 7,(XK) 

Antananarivo,  Madagascar 100,000 

A saba,  Niger  Territories 

Bagamoyo.  German  East  Africa 

Bathurst,  Gambia 6,000 

Berbera,  SomaU ;30,000 

Bloenifontein,  Orange  Free  State  ...    3,319 

Boma,  Kongo  Free  State 

Bona,  Algeria 29.040 

Cairo,  Egypt .374.8;« 

Cape  Town,  Cape  of  Good  Hope 8:3,718 

Constantine,  Algeria 44.960 

Damietta,  Egypt -34,044 

Dar  es  Salaam,  German  East  Africa. 

Fez,  Morocco 80.000 

Freetown,  Sierra  Leone :30.  (X)0 

Gondar,  Abyssinia 5  (XX) 

Johannesburg.  South  African  Rep 15,000 

Kamerun^  Kamerun. 

Kimbeilev,  Orange  Free  S .ate 28,643 

Libreville,  French  KtNngo 


City. 


Country. 


Pop. 


Little  Popo,  Togoland 

Liorenzo  Marquez,  Free  State  of  East 

jVf  ric3. 

Manf aloot ,  Egypt' ...'.".". .".'.'!"."."."  1 3  2.32 

Mequinez,  Morocco .56.000 

Mojanga,  Madagascar 14,000 

Monrovia,  Liberia 5,(XXI 

Morocco.  Morocco. 50,000 

Mozambique,  Free  State  of  E.  Africa 

Omdurman,  Egyptian  Soudan 

Orau,  Algeria 67.681 

PietermaritzbHrg,  Natal 17.-500 

Port  Elizabeth,  Cape  of  Good  Hope  ...  2:3,0.52 

Pretoria,  South  African  Rep 5,000 

Rosetta,  Egypt 16.666 

St.  Louis.  Senegal 20,000 

St.  Paul  de  Loanda,  Portuguese  West 

Africa 

Tamatave,  Madagascar 10.000 

Tlemsen,  Algeria 28.204 

Tripoli,  Tripoli 

Tunis,  Tunis 145,000 

Zanzibar,  Zanzibar 100,000 


country.  principal  exports. 

Abyssinia— Skins,  ivory,  and  gums. 
Algeria — Cereals,  wines,  animals,  wool,  and 

esparto  fibre. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope — Diamonds,  wool,  ostrich 

feathers,  copper  ore.  hides  and  skins. 
Egypt— Cotton  and  cotton  seed,  beans,  sugar, 

wheat,  and  rice. 
Free  State  of  East  Africa  -  Oil-nuts  and  seeds. 

caoutchouc,  and  ivorj" 
French    Kongo — Ivory,    ebony, 
German     East    Afi-ica— Ivory, 

caoutchouc,  and  sesame  seed. 
Kamerun— Ivory  and  palm  oil. 
Kongo  Free  State— Coffee,  ivory,  nuts 

oil,  caoutchouc,  and  copal. 
Liberia— Coffee,  palm  oil-nuts,  cocoa,  sugar. 


caoutchouc, 
copal    gum. 


palm 


COUNTRY.  principal  EXPORTS. 

Madagascar — India     rubber,     hides,     horns, 

hemp,  wax,  and  oxen. 
Morocco— Beans,  peas,  olive  oil.  maize,  wool. 
Natal— Arrowroot,    Angora   hair,  hides   and 

skins,  and  gold. 
Orange  Free  State— Wool,   diamonds,    hides 

and  skins,  and  ostrich  feathers. 
Portuguese  West  Africa— I vorj-,  cnoutchouc. 
Sierra  Leone — Palm  oil  and  nuts,  india  rubber, 

kola  nuts,  and  copal. 
South    African    Rep.— Wool,     ivory,     cattle, 

hides,  grain,  ostrich  feathers,  ivory,  gold. 
Togoland— Palm  oil  and  ivory. 
Tripoli —Ivory,   bullocks,   wheat,   oil,   barley. 

ostrich  feathers,  wool,  and  pepper. 
Tunis— Wheat,  barley,  olive  oil,  alfa,  esparto. 


172 


RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO/S 


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^. 


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H 

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^ 

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o 

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NEW  POCKET  ATLAS. 


173 


OCEANIA. 


Country. 

Bismarck  Archipel- 
ago. F-5 

Fiji,  J-6 -. 

Hawaii,  N-1. 

Kaiser  Wilhelm's 

Land,  E-5 

Marshall  Islands,  1-3 
New  Caledonia,  H-7-. 

New  Guinea,  E-.5- 

New  Hebrides.  H-7... 
New  Soirth  Wales,  E-9 
New  Zealand,  Ml... 

Queensland.  E-8 

Samoa,  K-C 

Society  Islands,  O-T.. 
Solomon  Islands,  H-') 
South  Australia,  D-8- 

Tasmania,  D-11. 

Tonga.  117 

Victoria,  E-10 

Western  Australia. B-8 


Area, 
Sq.  Miles. 


19,000 
7,740 
6,640 

72,000 

1.50 

6.000 

90  000 

.5,106 

810,700 

104,471 

(368.497 

1.701 

1,412 

9,000 

903,690 

26,215 

374 

87,8K4 

975,920 


Popula- 
tion. 


190,000 

121,180 

89,990 

110,000 

10,000 

62,752 

1.35,000 

70.000 

1,1.34,207 

626,8:30 

393,718 

36,000 

25,0.50 

80,000 

31.5,048 

146,667 

20,000 

1,140.411 

49.782 


Government. 


Exports.      Imports. 


German  Protectorate 

British  Colony .$  1,822,665 

Kingdom i    13.023,000 


German  Protectorate. 
German  Protectorate. 

French  Colony 

British  Colony 

Independent 

British  Colony 

British  Colony 

British  Colony 

Kingdom 

French  Colony. 
German  Protectorate. 

British  Colony 

British  Colony 

Kingdom 

British  Colony 

British  Colony 


1.428,110 
95,000 


110.229,6&5 

48,058,600 

42,772.560 

102,545 

633,620 


44,136,890 

7,4M,960 

420,875 

66,:i31,110 
3..3.59,0<}5 


1,033,785 
6,962,000 


2,218,300 
45,000 


113,075,020 

31,302,625 

2o,;333,.500 

218,130 

670,720 


41,313,365 

9,487,-560 

245.545 

114,670.075 

4,3?2,2a5 


PRINCIPAL    CITIES. 


City.  Country.  Pop. 

Adelaide,  South  Australia .37.873 

A  pia,  Samoa 

Auckland,  New  Zealand 28,613 

Ballarat,  Victoria 21.0.53 

Bathhurst,  New  South  Wales 8.000 

Itrisbane,  Queensland 32. .567 

Christchurch,  New  Zealand 16.223 

Dunedin,  New  Zealand. 22.376 

Fremantle,  Western  .\u8l ralia 5.607 

Crawler,  South  Australia 2,122 

Geraldton,  Western  Australia 1,218 

Geelong,  Victoria 20,000 

Goulburn,  New  South  Wales 12,000 

Hilo,  Hawaii 4,220 

Hol)art,  Tasmania .3.5.:>!9 

Honolulu,  Hawaii 20.487 

Kapunda,  South  Australia  ..     1.942 

COUNTRY.  principal  EXPORTS. 

Bismarck  Archipelago— Copra  and  cocoa-nut 
libre. 

Fiji — Sugar,  copra,  bananas,  and  other  fruits, 

tea,  cotton,  and  peanuts. 
Hawaii — Sugar,  rice,  coffee,  hides,  wool,  and 

bananas. 

Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land — Beche-de-mer,  cocoa- 
nuts,  and  gum. 

Marshall  Islands— Copra. 

New  Caledonia — Nickel,  preserved  meat,  silver, 

and  lead  ore. 
New    Guinea,    British — Beche-de-mer,  copra, 

birdskins,  gum,  pearl-shells,  and  rattans. 
New  Hebrides— Copra  and  beche-de-mer. 
New  South  Wales — Wool,  tin,  silver,  copper 

tallow,  and  leather. 

New  Zealand — Wool,  grain,  frozen  meat,  gold, 


City.  Country.  Pop. 

Launceston,  Tasmania. 22,000 

Levuka,  Fiji 

Maryborough,  Queensland 9,281 

Melbourne,  Victoria 4.58,470 

Newcastle.  New  South  Wales. 20,000 

Noumea,  New  Caledonia 4,000 

Nukualofa,  Tonga .   

Papeete,  Society  Islands... 

Perth,  Western  Australia ....     8.447 

Port  Augusta.  South  Australia 1,274 

Port  Moresby,  New  Guinea 1.000 

Kockhampton,  Queensland 10,793 

Sandhurst,  Victoria 26,627 

Suva,  Fiji 850 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales 220,427 

Townsville,  Queensland 7,860 

Wellington,  New  Zealand 31,021 

COUNTRY.  principal  EXPORTS. 

kauri  gum,   hides  and  skins,   leather,  and 
timber. 
Queensland — Gold,    wool,    sugar,    hides    and 
skins,  tin,  and  preserved  meat. 

Samoa — Copra,  cotton,  coffee,  and  fruit. 

Society  Islands — Mother-of-pearl,  copra,  and 
cotton. 

Solomon  Islands -Sandal-wood,  and  tortoise- 
shell. 

South  Australia — Wool,  wheat,  wheat  flour, 
copper,  and  copper  ore. 

Tasmania — Wool,  gold,  tin,  timber  and  bark, 
hops,  and  fruit. 

Tonga — Copra,  cotton,  fruit,  kava,  and  wool. 

Victoria — Wool,  Gold,  breadstuffs,  livestock, 
and  leather. 

Western  Australia — Gold,  pearls,  pearl-shell, 
sandal-wood,  and  timber. 


5196    12'+ 


University  of 
Connecticut 

Libraries 


39153024351597 


